4/13/2016

Mikroskop Elektron

Sutiman B. Sumitro
Guru Besar Biologi Sel
Universitas Brawijaya

Understanding Size
1 metre

Understanding Size
10 centimetres

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Understanding Size
1 centimetre

Understanding Size
100 micrometres

Understanding Size
10 micrometres

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Understanding Size
1 micrometre

Understanding Size
100 nanometres

Understanding Size
10 nanometres

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Understanding Size
1 nanometre

Mikroskop Elektron Transmisi

Tahun 1973

Tahun 2013

The electron microscope uses electrostatic and

electromagnetic lenses
Resolustion achived to 50 piko meter (pm) resolution
andmagnifications of up to about 10,000,000x
Electron microscopes are used to investigate the ultrastructure of
a wide range of biological and inorganic specimens
Industrially, the electron microscope is often used for quality
control and failure analysis.
Modern electron microscopes produce electron micrographs,
using specialized digital cameras or frame grabbers to capture
the image

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Resolusi (Daya Pisah)

Modern
Physics

Newtonian

Nano Science

Quantum
Physics

Gravitation,
speed
Space and time

Atom and
Subatomic,
particless
Time and
space less

Measurable
dimension,
weigh, and
speed
1 nm

100 nm

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Sample preparation

A sample of cells (black) stained with

osmium tetroxide and uranyl acetate
embedded in epoxy resin (amber) ready for
sectioning.

Tissue Sectioning

A diamond knife blade used for cutting

ultrathin sections (typically 70 to 350 nm
for transmission electron microscopy.

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Imaging methods
Contrast formation
Contrast formation in the TEM depends greatly on the mode of operation.
Complex imaging techniques, which utilize the unique ability to change lens
strength or to deactivate a lens, allow for many operating modes
Bright field The most common mode of operation for a TEM is the bright
field imaging mode
Diffraction contrast known as a dark-field image.

Electron energy loss This normally results in chromatic aberration

however this effect can, for example, be used to generate an image which
provides information on elemental composition, based upon the atomic
transition during electron-electron interaction.
Phase contrast Crystal structure can also be investigated by HighResolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM)
Diffraction This image provides the investigator with information about the
space group symmetries in the crystal and the crystal's orientation

Scaning
Transmision
Electon
Microscope
STEM)
TEM can be modified into a
Scanning Transmission
Electron Microscope (STEM)
by the addition of a system
that rasters the beam across
the sample to form the image

A three-dimensional TEM image of a parapoxavirus

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Scaning Electron Microscope

M. von Ardenne's first SEM

Images of Scanning Electron

Microscope

100 nanometres

1 micrometre

10 micrometres

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SEM
NORMAL

OSTEOPOROSIS

25

XRD PATTERN

XRD PATTERN

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Average of crystal size in osteoporosis

200

(nm)

150
100
50
0

HA-Synthetic
Skull Bone

Normal
Cortical Bone

Osteoporosis

28

Crystal Size
Data (15)

D (15)

Crystal size
(nm)

HAp std

1899,15

189,92

S-16

263,31

26,33

S-15

197,43

19,74

S-2

263,85

26,39

S-4

716,83

71,68

M5

790,46

79,05

Bone Skull

88,99

8,90

Normal
Cortical Bone

350,73

35,07

Atomic distribution pattern in osteoporosis

Al

Fe

Ca

Cu

Zn

Mg

30 Ti

10

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Atomic distribution pattern in normal

Ca

Cu

Zn

Al

Ti

Fe

Mg

31

Comparation of mapping atom (SEM-EDAX)

Pattern

Osteoporosis

Normal

Periodic

Ca, P

Ca, K, Ti

IV

Cu, Zn

Cu, Zn, Fe

IV

Al, Fe, K, Mg, S, Ti

Al, P, Mg, S

III

32

11