DESIGN OF GRAVITY RETAINING WALL

DESIGN OF GRAVITY RETAINING
T.V.A. Method
(Water Resources Engineering Principles and practice by S.N.M

Name of Work: Construction of Retaining wall
INPUT PARAMETERS
Grade of Concrete
Unit Weight of Soil
()
Angle of internal friction of soil ()
Coefficient of Friction ()
Angle of friction between the fill and the
soil ()
Angle of surcharge (i)
Inclination of wall to the vertical(a)
Safe Bearing Capacity
Unit Weight of Concrete
Thickness of Footing
Top width of stem
Bottom width of rectangular portion
Bottom width of stem at sill

Toe Slab width
Heel Slab width
Height of Retaining wall above sill
Height of Strap Footing
Bottom width at inclined portion
Equivalent Height of Surcharge (h)
=
=
=
=
18.000 kN/m3
30.000 Degrees
0.500
20.000 Degrees
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0.000 Degrees
14.036 Degrees
M15
56.000 kN/m2
23.000 kN/m3
0.500 m
0.450 m
1.300 m
1.750 m
0.300 m
0.500 m
2.800 m
1.000 m
1.000 m
1.200 m
CALCULATIONS
Total width of Footing

Total Height of Retaining wall(H)
=
=
3.550 m
4.300 m
3.80
SILL LEVEL
Toe
0.3
0.50
B
0.30
122.066
Thrust Exerted by Back fill
75.87
Check the stability of wall at Sill Level

n
K
Kh
Kv
=
=
0.690
0.207
H=
2.800 m
0.172
b=
1.750 m
0.116
Active Earth Pressure Forces
PH (Earth Pressure) =
24.257 kN
Pv (Earth Pressure) =
16.383 kN
Acting 0.4H From Base

Surcharge Load forces
PH (Surcharge Pressure) =
10.396
kN
PV (Surcharge Pressure) =
7.021 kN
Acting H/2 From Base

Taking Moments at A
S.No
Description
Forces (kN)
Vertical Horizontal
Lever
arm
Moments about Toe kNm

Clockwise A.Clockwise
w1
28.980
0.225
6.521
w2
41.860
0.883
36.976
w6
32.760
1.317
43.134
PH (Earth Pressure)
PV (Earth Pressure)
16.383
1.750
28.671
PV (Surcharge Pressure)
7.021
1.750
12.288
PH (Surcharge Pressure)
Total
24.257
10.396
127.005
Description
1
2
W
w1
(2nd Part)
Forces (kN)
Vertical Horizontal
127.005
10.350
27.167
1.400
34.652
Taking Moments at B
S.No
1.120
14.554
127.590
41.721
Moments about Toe kNLever

m
arm
1.976
250.975
1.525
15.784
w3
11.500
0.967
11.117
w4
29.900
2.400
71.760
w5
40.825
1.775
72.464
w7
34.200
3.300
112.860
PH (Earth Pressure)
24.257
2.620
63.552
10.396
34.652
2.900
30.148
93.700
Total
253.780
534.959
Pe
CHECK FOR STABILITY AT BASE OF FOUNDATION

1. Check for overturning :
0.9(MR) > = (1.2 MO due to Dead Load+1.4MO due to Live Load)
481.4634700197
118.4693518
>
Factor of saf
Hence OK
(MR/Mo) > 1.5 to 2.0
Factor of safety against overturning =

MR
534.96
Mo
93.70
Factor of saf
5.71
>
2.00
Hence OK
3. Check for Subsidence

Distance of Resultant from Toe
x
b/3
Eccentricicty Developed (e)
Allowable eccentricity (e')
For No Tension
For No Tension
=
=
=
=
=
(M/W)
1.739 m
1.183 m
(b/2-x)
0.036 m
(b/6)
0.592 m
e < b/6
0.036
<
Hence OK
Ultimate Pressure at the toe of Retaining wall Pmax = ( V/b)(1+6e/b)

Pmax
75.867
=
>
75.867 kN/m2
56.00
Check
Ultimate Pressure at the heel of Retaining wall Pmin = ( V/b)(1-6e/b)

Pmin
67.107 kN/m2
0.59
Factor of Safety against Bearing Capacity Failure Fb = qna / P

Fb
<3
max
0.738
<
SAFE
3.0
ETAINING WALL
od
practice by S.N.Murthy Challa)
1.20 m Surcharge
0.45
Earth Pressure
Surcharge
Earth Side
w76
w
w7
2.80
w7
w8
w1
w
w2 2
A
1.75
w3
1.00
w3
w4
w4
1.3
Sill Level
w9
Heel
w6
0.5
1.00
w5
1.00
2.75
0.45
1.30
At SILL Level
0.50
23.083
0.4 H from Base H/2 from Base
At Base of Foundation
67.107
Subsidence at Sill Level

x
b/3
=
=
=

For No Tension
For No Tension
(M/W)
0.676 m
0.583 m
(b/2-x)
(b/6)
e < b/6
0.199
0.199 m
0.292 m
<

Pmax
122.066 kN/m2
0.29
Pmin
23.083 kN/m2
Hence OK
Permissible Tensile Sress in M15 Concrete
0.4 Mpa
0.400
IRC:21:2000
N/mm2
400 kN/m2
Concrete Quantity for 1m Width

w1
0.99 Cum
w2
0.405 Cum
w3
0.08 Cum
w4
0.18 Cum
w5
0.64 Cum
2.295 Cum
Clause 303.3
2. Check for Sliding:

Factor of safety against sliding =
V
=
=
H
(V/H) > 1.4

253.78
34.65
0.50
3.66
>
1.4
IS 456:2000 Clause 20.2
Hence OK
No shear key required
DESIGN OF GRAVITY RETAINING WA

Couloumb's Method
Name of Work: Construction of Retaining wall
INPUT PARAMETERS
Grade of Concrete
Unit Weight of Soil

()
=
=
=
18.000 kN/m3
0.500
23.000 kN/m3
0.600 m
0.600 m

Top width of stem
Bottom width of rectangular portion
Toe Slab width
Heel Slab width
CALCULATIONS
=
=
M15
56.000 kN/m2
0.800 m
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1.400 m
0.300 m
0.300 m
3.000 m
0.700 m
0.700 m
1.200 m

=
=
2.700 m
2.600 m
Internal angle of retaining wall on earth

side()
75.07
SILL LEVEL
0.60
Degrees
48.930

soil ()
20.000 Degrees
0.000 Degrees
=
=

Surcharge pressure (q)
Total Active Pressure Force
30.000 Degrees
21.600 kN/m2
240.560
Ka
Pa
kh
=
=
=
Kh
0.347
Kv
0.243
Phs
Pvs
=
=
27.770
19.395
kv
Ph
Pv
0.424
25.786 kN
0.347
kN
kN
Taking Moments at B
S.No
Description
1
2
w1
w2
Forces (kN)
Vertical Horizontal
51.060
27.600
Moments about Toe kN-m

Clockwise
A.Clockwise
1.300
66.378
1.867
51.520
Leverarm
=
=
=
3
4
5
w3
w4
w5
6
7
8
9
w6
w7
10
9
PH (Earth Pressure)
PV (Earth Pressure)
5.635
12.880
37.260
21.600
19.980
42.812
29.901
19.395
Total
225.311
27.770
70.582
0.767
2.000
1.350
4.320
25.760
50.301
2.133
2.550
0.867
2.516
46.080
50.949
2.516
1.300
48.790
37.104
75.218
419.316
36.101
73.205
Taking Moments at A
S.No
Description
1
w1
2
3
5
6
7
8
w2
w6
PH (Earth Pressure)
PV (Earth Pressure)
Total
Forces (kN)
Vertical Horizontal
41.400
27.600
21.600
28.145
19.657
15.726
125.983
22.516
50.662
Leverarm

Clockwise
A.Clockwise
0.300
12.420
0.867
1.133
1.000
1.133
1.133
1.500
23.920
24.480
28.145
22.278
17.823
100.921
33.774
61.920

377.3844661589
>
95.06621082
Hence OK
(MR/Mo) > 1.5 to 2.0

MR
Mo
=
=
419.32
73.20
5.73
>
2.00
Hence OK
Factor of safety against sli

x
b/3
For No Tension
For No Tension
=
=
=
=
=
(M/W)
1.536 m
0.900 m
(b/2-x)
-0.1861 m
(b/6)
0.450 m
e < b/6
-0.186
<
Hence OK

Pmax
48.930
<
48.930 kN/m2
56.00
Hence OK
Ultimate Pressure at the heel of Retaining wall P min = ( V/b)(1-6e/b)

Pmin
Factor of Safety against Bearing Capacity Failure Fb = qna / P max

Fb
=
117.968 kN/m2
1.145
<
SAFE
<3
3.0
By considering the Adhesi
1.54
TAINING WALL
s Method
1.20 m Surcharge
0.6
Earth Pressure Surcharge
Earth Side
w6
w
6
w7
w7
3.00
w1
w1
3.70
w2w2
A
1.4
w3
w3
w4
w4
Sill Level
Heel
0.70
w5
B
0.3
2.10
0.70
0.8
0.3
H/3 from Base
117.968
H/2 from Base
-60.584
At SILL Level
0.243
42.812 kN
29.901 kN
Concrete Quantity for 1m Width

w1
w2
w3
w4
w5
=
=
=
=
2.22 Cum
1.2 Cum
0.245 Cum
0.56 Cum
1.62 Cum
2.16
5.845 Cum
Subsidence at Sill Level

x
b/3
=
=
(M/W)
0.467 m
0.310 m

For No Tension
For No Tension
=
=
(b/2-x)
(b/6)
e < b/6
0.390
0.390 m
0.233 m
>
0.31

Pmax
240.560 kN/m2

Pmin
-60.584 kN/m2
Tension Developed is with in the limits
Permissible Tensile Sress in M15 Concrete
0.4 Mpa
0.400 N/mm2
400 kN/m2
IRC:21:2000
Clause 303.3

Factor of safety against sliding = (V/H) > 1.5
=
V
225.31
=
H
70.58
=
0.50
1.60
>
Hence OK
1.5
IS 456:2000 Clause 20.2

No shear key required
By considering the Adhesion of the soil and Passive earth pressure , it is safe against sliding
DESIGN OF GRAVITY RETAINING WA

Couloumb's Method
(Brija M.Das)
INPUT PARAMETERS
Grade of Concrete
Unit Weight of Soil

()
M15
18.000 kN/m3
0.500
=
=
150.000 kN/m2
23.000 kN/m3
Top width of stem
Toe Slab width
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Heel Slab width

0.400 m
0.450 m
0.900 m
0.150 m
0.150 m
1.800 m
0.400 m
0.400 m
1.200 m
CALCULATIONS
0.40
45

=
=
1.600 m
2.600 m

side()
75.96

soil ()
Degrees
17.500 Degrees
=
=
=
0.000 Degrees
33.000 Degrees
21.600 kN/m2
Ka
Pa
kh
kv
Ph
=
=
=
=
=
0.380
23.119 kN
0.324
0.199
14.108 kN
Pv
8.658 kN
Kh
0.324
Kv
0.199
Phs
Pvs
=
=
15.391
9.445

kN
kN
Taking Moments at B
S.No
Description
1
w1
Forces (kN)
Vertical Horizontal
22.770

Clockwise
A.Clockwise
0.775
17.647
Leverarm
2
3
4
w2
w3
w4
5
6
7
8
9
w5
w6
w7
10
9
9.315
1.840
4.140
14.720
7.290
5.940
PH (Earth Pressure)
PV (Earth Pressure)
14.108
8.658
9.445
Total
84.118
15.391
29.499
1.150
0.417
1.225
10.712
0.767
5.072
0.800
1.300
1.525
0.867
1.433
11.776
9.477
9.059
1.433
1.300
13.538
12.227
12.410
90.456
20.008
32.235
Taking Moments at A
S.No
Forces (kN)
Vertical Horizontal
18.630
9.315
7.290
Description
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
w1
w2
w6
PH (Earth Pressure)
PV (Earth Pressure)
9.444
5.796
7.728
Total
12.592
22.037
48.758

Clockwise
A.Clockwise
0.225
4.192
0.600
5.589
0.750
5.468
0.600
5.667
0.750
4.347
0.750
5.796
0.900
11.333
25.391
17.000
Leverarm

81.4102390994
>
42.68371881
Hence OK
(MR/Mo) > 1.5 to 2.0

MR
90.46
Mo
32.24
2.81
>
2.00
Hence OK
Factor of safety against sli

x
b/3
For No Tension
For No Tension
=
=
=
=
=
(M/W)
0.692 m
0.533 m
(b/2-x)
0.1079 m
(b/6)
0.267 m
e < b/6
0.108
<
Hence OK

Pmax
73.839
=
<
73.839 kN/m2
150.00
Hence OK

Pmin

Fb
=
31.308 kN/m2
2.031
<
SAFE
<3
3.0
0.69
TAINING WALL
s Method
M.Das)
1.20 m Surcharge
0.45
Earth Pressure Surcharge
Earth Side
w6
w
6
w7
w7
1.80
w1
w1
2.20
w2w2
A
0.9
w3
w3
w4
w4
Sill Level
Heel
0.40
w5
B
0.15
1.30
0.40
0.45
0.15
H/3 from Base
73.839
31.308
H/2 from Base
154.549
-46.197
At SILL Level
Subsidence
=
x
(M/W)
0.172 m
b/3
For No Tension
For No Tension
=
=
=
=
0.300 m
(b/2-x)
0.2779 m
(b/6)
0.150 m
e < b/6
0.278
>
Check

Pmax
154.549 kN/m2

Pmin

Factor of safety against sliding =(V/H) > 1.5
=
V
84.12
-46.197 kN/m2
0.17
=
H
=
29.50
0.50
1.43
<
Check
FS
1.95551978
1.5
Shear key required
DESIGN OF GRAVITY RETAINING WALL (T.V.A

Couloumb's Method
INPUT PARAMETERS
Grade of Concrete
Unit Weight of Soil

()
=
=
Top width of stem
Toe Slab width
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Heel Slab width

M15
18.000 kN/m3
0.500
56.000 kN/m2
23.000 kN/m3
0.400 m
0.500 m
1.000 m
0.500 m
0.200 m
3.000 m
0.500 m
0.500 m
1.200 m
CALCULATIONS
0.40
45

Total Height from Foundation(H)
=
=
2.200 m
3.900 m

side()
80.54

soil ()
Degrees
22.000 Degrees
=
=
=
0.000 Degrees
33.000 Degrees
21.600 kN/m2
Pa
=
=
0.3391
46.42
Ph
33.39
0.2892452726
39.59
Pv
32.25
0.1270284555
17.39
eq
Pa
Ph
Pv
=
=
=
=
29.08
74.98
53.94
52.09

Ka
S.No
Description
1
w1
Forces (kN)
Vertical Horizontal
40.250

Clockwise
A.Clockwise
1.250
50.313
Leverarm
w2
17.250
1.667
28.750
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
w3
w4
w5
w6
w7
2.875
0.833
1.750
1.100
1.833
2.100
1.933
1.950
2.396
10.063
22.264
24.750
26.460
100.705
5.750
20.240
13.500
12.600
52.089
Total
164.554
53.940
53.940
265.700
105.182
105.182
CHECK FOR STABILITY

239.1299011156
>
147.2549843
Hence OK
(MR/Mo) > 1.5 to 2.0

MR
Mo
=
=
265.70
105.18
2.53
>
2.00
Hence OK

x
b/3
For No Tension
For No Tension
=
=
=
=
=
(M/W)
0.975 m
0.733 m
(b/2-x)
0.1245 m
(b/6)
0.367 m
e < b/6
0.125
<
Hence OK

Pmax
100.200 kN/m2
0.37
100.200
>
56.00
Check

Pmin

Fb
=
49.395 kN/m2
0.559
<
SAFE
<3
3.0
WALL (T.V.A METHOD)
s Method
1.20 m Surcharge
0.5
Earth Pressure
Earth Side
w6
Surcharge
w7
3.00
w1
3.50
w2
H/3 from Base
1
Toe
0.5
w4
w3
0.50
0.5
Sill Level
Heel
0.50
0.2
w5
1.50
100.200
49.395
H/2 from Base
UNIT WEIGHTS, ANGLE OF REPOSE AND COEFFICIENTS OF FRICTION

WITH CONCRETE
S.No
Type of Soil
(kN/m3)
Sand or Gravel without fine

particles, highly permeable
17.28-18.85
33-40
0.5-0
Sand or Gravel with silt mixture,

low permeability
18.85-20.42
25-35
0.4-0
Silty sand, sand and gravel with

high clay content
17.28-18.85
23-30
0.3-0
Medium or stiff clay
15.71-18.85
25-35
0.2-0
soft clay,silt
14.14-17.28
20-25
0.2-0
Ramachandra Page 1025
PRESUMPTIVE SAFE BEARING CAPACITY

Type of Soil
Hard Sound Rock
Laminated Rock
Residual Deposits of Shattered and Broken Rocks
Soft Rock
Compact Gravel, sand and Gravel
Compact and dry coarse sand
Compact and dry medium sand
Fine sand, silt
Loose Gravel or sand
Loose and dry fine sand
Hard or stiff clay, soft shale
Medium clay
Moist clat and sand clay mixture
t/m2
330
165
90
45
45
45
25
15
25
10
45
25
15
kN/m2
3238
1619
883
442
442
442
246
150
246
100
442
246
148
Soft Clay
Very soft Clay
10
99
50
Arora Page 622

Factor of safety against sliding =(V/H) > 1.5
=
V
164.55
=
H
53.94
=
0.50
1.53
>
1.5
Hence OK No shear key required

FS
2.03499192
DESIGN OF GRAVITY RETAINING WALL

BASED ON RANKINE'S THEORY
INPUT PARAMETERS
Grade of Concrete
Unit Weight of Soil

()
Angle of Repose
()
=
=
=
=

Top width of stem
Toe Slab width
Heel Slab width
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
M15
18.00 kN/m3
33.00 Degrees
0.50
150.00 kN/m2
2.20
24.00 kN/m3
0.40 m
0.45 m
0.90 m
0.15 m
0.15 m
1.80 m
0.40 m
0.40 m
1.20 m
Toe
0.15
0.40
CALCULATIONS
=
=
1.60 m
2.60 m
98.294
Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure (Rankines's Formula)

Angle of Shearing Resistance ()
33 Degrees
=
UNIT WEIGH
Ka
0.29
S.No
Horizontal force Due to Active Earth Pressure
1
PH (Earth Pressure)
17.935686 kN
Horizontal force Due to Surcharge Load
4
16.556018 kN
S.No
Description
Forces (kN)
Leverarm
Vertical Horizontal
23.76
0.775
18.41
PR
w1
w2
9.72
1.15
11.18
w3
1.92
0.42
0.80
Laminated Rock
w4
4.32
1.23
5.29
Residual Deposits
w5
15.36
0.80
12.29
w6
7.29
1.30
9.48
Compact Gravel, s
w7
5.94
1.53
9.06
Compact and dry c
PH (Earth Pressure)
17.94
3.24
0.87
1.53
Hard Sound Rock
Soft Rock
15.54
4.94
Compact and dry m

Fine sand, silt
10
Total
16.56
34.49
71.55
1.30
71.45
21.52
37.07
CHECK FOR STABILITY

64.30365
>
MR
71.45
Mo
37.07
1.93

V
H
=
=
=
Very soft Clay
48.785067
Hence OK
(MR/Mo) > 1.5 to 2.0
Loose Gravel or sa
Loose and dry fine
Hard or stiff clay, s
Medium clay
Moist clat and san
Soft Clay
<
Check
3. Check for Sub
Distance of Resulta
2.00
Eccentricicty Dev
Allowable eccen
(V/H) > 1.5

71.55
34.49
Ultimate Pressure
0.50
1.04
<
Check
1.5
Shear key required
Ultimate Pressure
Factor of Safety ag
LL
1.20 m Surcharge
0.45
Earth Pressure
Surcharge
Earth Side
w6
w7
1.80
w1
w2
H/3 from Base
0.9
w3
w4
0.40
0.45
Sill Level
Heel
0.15
0.40
w5
1.30
-8.856
H/2 from Base
UNIT WEIGHTS, ANGLE OF REPOSE AND COEFFICIENTS OF

FRICTION WITH CONCRETE
Type of Soil
(kN/m3)

17.28-18.85
33-40
0.5-0

18.85-20.42
low permeability
25-35
0.4-0

17.28-18.85
high clay content
23-30
0.3-0
15.71-18.85
25-35
0.2-0
soft clay,silt
14.14-17.28
20-25
0.2-0

Type of Soil
t/m2
kN/m2
Hard Sound Rock
330
3238
Laminated Rock
165
1619
Residual Deposits of Shattered and Broken Rocks
90
883
Soft Rock
45
442
45
442
45
442
25
246
Fine sand, silt
15
150
25
10
45
25
15
10
5

Medium clay
Soft Clay
Very soft Clay
246
100
442
246
148
99
50
Arora Page 622

=
x
(M/W)
0.481 M
=
b/3
0.533 m
(b/2-x)
=
(b/6)
=
For No Tension
e < b/6
For No Tension
0.319
0.319 m
0.267 m
>
Check
0.27

Pmax
98.294
=
<
98.294 kN/m2
150.00
Hence OK

Pmin
-8.856 kN/m2

Fb
1.526
<
max
<3
3.0
SAFE

Tenesse Valley Authority
INPUT PARAMETERS
Grade of Concrete
Unit Weight of Soil

()
=
=
=
18.850 kN/m3
32.000 Degrees
0.450

soil ()
17.500 Degrees
=
=
=
0.000 Degrees
0.000 Degrees
150.000 kN/m2

Top width of stem
Toe Slab width
Heel Slab width
Height of
Strap
Bottom
width
atFooting
inclined portion
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
M15
24.000 kN/m3
0.400 m
0.450 m
0.950 m
0.150 m
0.150 m
1.900 m
0.500 m
1.200 m
2.40
Toe
0.15
0.40
CALCULATIONS
58.494
=
=
1.750 m
2.400 m
Thrust Exerted by Back fill (Water Resources Engineering Principles and practice by S.N.Murthy Challa)
UNIT WEIGHTS,
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
n
0.650
K
Kh
0.138
0.132
Kv
0.042
14.3408 kN
4.522 kN

7.170
kN
2.261 kN
S.No
Description
Forces (kN)
Leverarm
Hard Sound Rock

Laminated Rock
Residual Deposits of
Soft Rock
Compact Gravel, san
Compact and dry co
Compact and dry me
Fine sand, silt
Loose and dry fine s
Hard or stiff clay, so
Medium clay
Moist clat and sand
Soft Clay
S.No
Description
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9
Vertical Horizontal
25.920
11.400
3.000
6.000
16.800
8.954
6.786
w1
w2
w3
w4
w5
w6
w7
PH (Earth Pressure)
PV (Earth Pressure)
14.341
4.522
2.261
85.642
Total
7.170
21.511
Leverarm
Clockwise
A.Clockwise
0.875
22.680
1.267
14.440
0.483
1.450
1.350
8.100
0.875
14.700
1.433
12.834
1.675
11.367
0.933
13.385
1.750
7.913
1.675
1.400
10.039
93.483
23.423
CHECK FOR STABILITY

84.1348104593
>
Very soft Clay
2. Check for Slidin

Factor of safety agai
30.11568
Hence OK
(MR/Mo) > 1.5 to 2.0

MR
Mo
=
=

93.48
23.42

3.99
>
2.00
Hence OK
x
b/3
For No Tension
For No Tension
=
=
=
=
(M/W)
0.818 m
0.583 m
(b/2-x)
0.0569 m
(b/6)
0.292 m
e < b/6
0.057
<
Hence OK

Pmax
58.494
<
58.494 kN/m2
150.00
Hence OK

Pmin

Fb
=
39.383 kN/m2
max
2.564
<
SAFE
<3
3.0
0.82
ALL (T.V.A METHOD)
hority
1.20 m Surcharge
0.45
Earth Pressure
Surcharge
Earth Side
w6
w7
1.90
w1
w2
H/3 from Base
0.95
w4
w3
0.50
0.5
Sill Level
Heel
0.15
0.50
w5
1.45
39.383
H/2 from Base

WITH CONCRETE
Type of Soil
(kN/m3)

17.28-18.85
33-40
0.5-0

low permeability
18.85-20.42
25-35
0.4-0

high clay content
17.28-18.85
23-30
0.3-0
15.71-18.85
25-35
0.2-0
soft clay,silt
14.14-17.28
20-25
0.2-0

Type of Soil
ard Sound Rock

aminated Rock
esidual Deposits of Shattered and Broken Rocks
oft Rock
ompact Gravel, sand and Gravel
ompact and dry coarse sand
ompact and dry medium sand
ne sand, silt
oose Gravel or sand
oose and dry fine sand
ard or stiff clay, soft shale
Medium clay
oft Clay
t/m2
330
165
90
45
45
45
25
15
25
10
45
25
15
10
kN/m2
3238
1619
883
442
442
442
246
150
246
100
442
246
148
99
ery soft Clay
50
Arora Page 622
. Check for Sliding:

actor of safety against sliding =(V/H) > 1.5
=
V
85.64
=
H
21.51
=
0.45
actor of safety against sliding =
1.79
>
1.5

Tenesse Valley Authority
INPUT PARAMETERS
Grade of Concrete
Unit Weight of Soil

()
=
=
=
18.850 kN/m3
35.000 Degrees
0.450

soil ()
17.500 Degrees
=
=
=
0.000 Degrees
0.004 Degrees
150.000 kN/m2

Top width of stem
Toe Slab width
Heel Slab width
Height of
Strap
Bottom
width
atFooting
inclined portion
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
M15
24.000 kN/m3
0.400 m
0.450 m
0.950 m
0.150 m
0.150 m
1.900 m
0.500 m
1.200 m
2.40
Toe
0.15
0.40
CALCULATIONS
58.362
=
=
1.750 m
2.400 m
Thrust Exerted by Back fill (Water Resources Engineering Principles and practice by S.N.Murthy Challa)
UNIT WEIGHTS,
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
n
0.691
K
Kh
0.123
H=
1.900 m
0.117
b=
0.950 m
Kv
0.037
7.987 kN
2.519 kN

5.045
kN
1.591 kN
S.No
Description
Forces (kN)
Leverarm
Hard Sound Rock

Laminated Rock
Residual Deposits of
Soft Rock
Compact Gravel, san
Compact and dry co
Compact and dry me
Fine sand, silt
Loose and dry fine s
Hard or stiff clay, so
Medium clay
Moist clat and sand
Soft Clay
S.No
Description
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9
Vertical Horizontal
25.920
11.400
3.000
6.000
16.800
8.954
6.786
w1
w2
w3
w4
w5
w6
w7
PH (Earth Pressure)
PV (Earth Pressure)
7.987
2.519
1.591
82.970
Total
5.045
13.032
Leverarm
Clockwise
A.Clockwise
0.875
22.680
1.267
14.440
0.483
1.450
1.350
8.100
0.875
14.700
1.433
12.834
1.675
11.367
1.660
13.259
1.600
4.030
1.600
1.850
9.333
89.601
22.591
CHECK FOR STABILITY

80.6405805282
>
Very soft Clay

Factor of safety against slidi
28.976158
Hence OK
(MR/Mo) > 1.5 to 2.0

MR
Mo

=
=
89.60
22.59

3.97
>
2.00
Hence OK
x
b/3
For No Tension
For No Tension
=
=
=
=
=
(M/W)
0.808 m
0.583 m
(b/2-x)
0.0674 m
(b/6)
0.292 m
e < b/6
0.067
<
Hence OK

Pmax
58.362
<
58.362 kN/m2
150.00
Hence OK

Pmin

Fb
=
36.461 kN/m2
2.570
<
SAFE
<3
3.0
0.81
LL (T.V.A METHOD)
hority
1.20 m Surcharge
0.45
Earth Pressure
Surcharge
Earth Side
w6
w7
1.90
w1
w2
0.4H from Base
0.95
w4
w3
0.50
0.5
Sill Level
Heel
0.15
0.50
w5
1.45
36.461
H/2 from Base

WITH CONCRETE
Type of Soil
(kN/m3)

17.28-18.85
33-40
0.5-0

low permeability
18.85-20.42
25-35
0.4-0

high clay content
17.28-18.85
23-30
0.3-0
15.71-18.85
25-35
0.2-0
soft clay,silt
14.14-17.28
20-25
0.2-0

Type of Soil
ard Sound Rock

aminated Rock
oft Rock
ne sand, silt
oose Gravel or sand
Medium clay
oft Clay
t/m2
330
165
90
45
45
45
25
15
25
10
45
25
15
10
kN/m2
3238
1619
883
442
442
442
246
150
246
100
442
246
148
99
ery soft Clay
50
Arora Page 622
k for Sliding:
safety against sliding =
(V/H) > 1.5
=
V
82.97
=
H
13.03
=
0.45
actor of safety against sliding =
2.87
>
1.5
DESIGN OF GRAVITY RETAINING WALL

INPUT PARAMETERS
=
=
=
=
=
Density of Concrete
Top width of stem
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1.00 m
0.50 m
1.20 m
Bottom width at footing

=
Total Height from Foundation
=
Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure
=
Angle of Surcharge
(i)
1.70 m
2.40 m
Grade of Concrete
Unit Weight of Soil
()
Angle of Repose
()
Toe Slab width

Heel Slab width
Height of Retaining wall
M 15
19.00 kN/m3
30.00 Degrees
0.40
148.00 kN/m2
0.15 m
0.15 m
1.90 m
0.50 m
CALCULATIONS
Angle of internal friction for back fill

(')
Angle of wall friction ()
Angle of vertical face to Horizontal
()
2.40
25.00 kN/m3
0 Degrees
30 Degrees
20 Degrees
75 Degrees
Toe
0.15
1.00
w5
S.No
Description
Forces (kN)
Vertical Horizontal
1.2
w1
w2
0.665
w3
0.125
w4
0.35
5
6
7
w5
Leverarm

Clockwise
A.Clockwise
UNIT WEIGHTS, ANGLE OF REPOSE

WITH CON
S.No
Type of Soil
1

Sand or Gravel with silt

mixture, low permeability
Silty sand, sand and gravel wi

high clay content
soft clay,silt
PRESUMPTIVE SAFE B
Type of Soil
Hard Sound Rock

Laminated Rock
Residual Deposits of Shattered and Broke
Soft Rock

Fine sand, silt
Medium clay
Soft Clay
Very soft Clay
NING WALL
0.5
Earth Side
1.90
w1
Ha1
w2
Va1
1.2
w4
w3
w5
1.70
Sill Level
Heel
0.15
0.50
Normal
GHTS, ANGLE OF REPOSE AND COEFFICIENTS OF FRICTION

WITH CONCRETE
Type of Soil
(kN/m3)
and or Gravel without fine

articles, highly permeable
17.28-18.85
33-40
0.5-0
18.85-20.42
25-35
0.4-0
ilty sand, sand and gravel with

17.28-18.85
igh clay content
23-30
0.3-0
15.71-18.85
25-35
0.2-0
14.14-17.28
20-25
0.2-0
and or Gravel with silt

mixture, low permeability
oft clay,silt

Type of Soil
Rock
Rock
posits of Shattered and Broken Rocks
avel, sand and Gravel

d dry coarse sand
t/m2
330
165
90
45
45
45
kN/m2
3238
1619
883
442
442
442
d dry medium sand

lt
l or sand
ry fine sand
clay, soft shale
y
nd sand clay mixture
ay
25
15
25
10
45
25
15
10
5
Arora Page 622
246
148
246
99
442
246
148
99
50
COULOMB'S EARTH PRESSURE CALCULATIONS
Pa
Angle of internal friction for back fill

Angle of inclination of surcharge,
Height of wall
Rear batter
Angle of wall friction
Angle of vertical face to Horizontal,
Unit weight of earth above sill level
Unit weight of earth below sill level
Unit weight of earth below sill level
Cohesion of soil below sill
Angle of internal friction of soil
below sill level
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
i
h
rb
sub
Coefficient of active earth pressure,
Above sill
Kah
=
Calculation of Coefficients
Ka
=
Sin2 (
Sin2 Sin (
A
B
C
D
E
F
=
=
=
=
=
=
Sin2 (
Sin2 (
Sin (
Sin (
Sin (i
Sin (i
=
=
=
=
=
=
Numerator
Denominator
=
=
A
B
=
x
0.941 x
Sin2
Sin
Sin
Sin
Sin
Sin
33 degrees (assumed)
0 degrees
1.8 M
0.45
17.5 degrees
75.96 degrees
1.8 t/cum
1.8 t/cum
1.8 t/cum
0 t/sqm
33 degrees
0.324
Sin ( . Sin ( i
Sin ( . Sin ( i
+sqrt
(
(
(
(
(
(
75.96376 +
75.96376 )
75.96376 33.00 +
33.00 75.96376 +
33.00
17.50
17.50
0.00
0.00
0.894
C
x(1
(
+ sqrt (
(
0.852 x( 1
+ sqrt (
D
C
0.772
The horizontal component of Ka

KaH
=
0.802 x (
0.894 =
2.354
=
0.380 x(cos
ka cos ( (90- +
90 -
75.96 +
The Vertical component of Ka

KaV
=
=
0.380 x(sin
ka sin (
90 -
75.96 +
Ka
=
=
1+
0.380
0.852
0.713 )2 =
egrees (assumed)
22
75.964
. Sin ( i
) =
)
)
)
)
x
x
x
0.894
0.941
0.852
0.772
0.545
0.970
=
=
=
=
E
F
))2
))
0.545 ))2
0.970 ))
2.354
17.50 ) =
0.324
17.50 ) =
0.199
Design of Wing wall(VCC M15 )

Name of work:
Construction of SLB at CH 199.95 of HNSS CANAL
Grade of concrete
RCL
Sill
Foundation
Top width
Earth side batter
Other side batter
Base width at sill
Ht.of trap.footing
Footing off set (earth side)
Footing off set (other side)
Thichness of footing
Base width at FL
= VCC M15
=
100.000 M
=
97.000 M
=
95.500 M
=
0.500 M
=
0.300 M
=
0.000 M
=
0.800 M
=
1.000 M
=
0.150 M
=
0.150 M
=
0.500 M
=
2.100 M
=
0.255
kah
=
0.109
kav
=
0.235
kah
=
3.000 M
=
4.500 M
=
1.800 T/cum
=
2.300 T/cum
Coef.of earth pr.above sill for = 36o
Coef.of earth pr.below sill

Ht.of wall
Total height
Unit wt.of earth
Unit wt.of concrete
a Moment due to Earth pressure
At Sill
=
At Foundation
Stabilising moment
=
at sill
b) Moment due to live load surcharge
+ 100.000
0.500
+ 97.000
0.500
1.800
+ 95.500
2.100
0.255
2
1.8
3.000
3.000
x(
0.42
0.235
2
0.109
1.8
4.500
4.500
x(
0.42
1.8
3.000
3.000
x(
0.58
At Sill
0.255
1.8
1.200
3.000
x(
0.5
At Foundation
0.235
1.8
1.200
4.500
x(
0.5
Earth pressure Moments

S.No.
Particulars
Weight
T
LA @ sill
Moment
TM
3.000 x
0.500 x
1.000 x
2.300 =
3.45
0.250
0.863
3.000 x
2
0.300 x
1.000 x
2.300 =
1.04
0.600
0.62
1.19
4.49
2.67
3.000 x
2
0.800 x
0.300 x
1.000 x
1.800 =
0.81
1.000 x
1.000 x
2.300 =
1.84
1.000
1.000 x
2.300 =
1.15
1.000 x
2
2.100 x
0.500 x
1.000 x
2.300 =
2.42
4.000 x
0.150 x
1.000 x
1.800 =
1.08
4
5
0.7
11.78
Stresses at Sill:
Resultant acts at
Eccentricity, e
Stress, P
2.67 -
2.60 4.49
2.48 =
-0.537
0.937
0.800 2
-0.537
4.49 (
0.8
1 +/-
6x
5.606 (
1 +/-
7.03 )
P max
44.995
T/Sqm
P min
-33.783
T/Sqm
0.937 )
0.8
Stresses at Foundation:
Resultant acts at
17.02 -
8.09 11.78
2.100 2
0.321 =
11.78 (
2.1
1 +/-
6x
5.610 (
1 +/-
2.08 )
P max
17.29
T/Sqm
P min
-6.07
T/Sqm
Eccentricity, e
Stress, P
5.14 =
0.729
0.321
0.729 )
2.1
#NAME?
44.995
-33.783
3.000
+ 0.300
1.000
0.500
3.000
)=
2.60 TM
4.500
)=
8.09 TM
x
+
0.300 )=
0.500 )
1.19 TM
3.000
)=
2.48 TM
4.500
)=
5.14 TM
LA @ FL
tm
Moment
TM
1.40
4.83
2.10
2.17
17.29
-6.07
1.850
1.50
1.55
2.85
0.817
0.94
1.05
2.54
2.025
2.19
17.02 TM
#NAME?
2.733333
0.733333
2.35
1.446667
1.66
2.073333
2.733333
DESIGN OF GRAVITY RETAINING WAL

INPUT PARAMETERS
=
=
=
=
150.00 kN/m2

Top width of stem
Toe Slab width
Heel Slab width
Height of Retaining wall
Bottom width of inclined portion
Equivalent Height of Surcharge(h)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
25.00 kN/m3
0.50 m
0.50 m
0.15 m
0.15 m
1.60 m
0.50 m
0.50 m
1.20 m
Grade of Concrete
Unit Weight of Soil
()
Angle of Repose
()
M15
18.85 kN/m3
30.00 Degrees
0.45
2.10
0.50
CALCULATIONS
=
=

Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure

=
Angle of Shearing Resistance ()
Ka
=
Horizontal force Due to Active Earth Pressure
1.30 m
2.10 m
207.577
30 Degrees
0.33
UNIT WEIGHTS, ANGL
S.No
PH
1
13.85 kN
Horizontal force Due to Surcharge Load
Horizontal Force
S.No
Description
3
4
15.8 kN
Forces (kN)
VerticalHorizontal
w1
26.25
w2
Leverarm

Clockwise
PRESUM
A.Clockwise
Typ
0.4
10.50
13.125
0.82
10.72
w3
16.25
0.10
1.63
Laminated Rock
w4
9.8963
0.90
8.91
Residual Deposits of Shatt
w5
5.9378
0.73
4.30
Soft Rock
PH (Earth Pressure)
13.85
0.87
12.01
Compact Gravel, sand and
15.83
29.69
1.30
20.58
32.59
Compact and dry coarse s

Compact and dry medium
Fine sand, silt
Hard or stiff clay, soft shal
Medium clay
Total
CHECK FOR STABILITY

71.459
36.06
Hard Sound Rock

32.449719375
>
39.10998
Hence OK
(MR/Mo) > 1.5 to 2.0

MR
36.06
Mo
32.59
Moist clat and sand clay m

Soft Clay
Very soft Clay
1.11
<
2.00
Check
x
b/3
=
=
=
(M/W)
0.048 m
Ultimate Pressure at the to
0.433 m

(V/H) > 1.5

V
H
=
=
71.459
29.69
0.45
Ultimate Pressure at the h
1.08
<
Check
1.5
Shear key required
Factor of Safety against Be
INING WALL
0.5
1.20 m Surcharge
Earth Side
Earth Pressure
Surcharge
w4
w5
1.60
w1
w2
H/3 from Base

0.5
H/2 from Base
0.381
0.15
0.50
Sill Level
Heel
0.15
0.50
w3
1.30
13.85 kN
-97.640

WITH CONCRETE
15.8 kN
Type of Soil
(kN/m3)

17.28-18.85
33-40
0.5-0

low permeability
18.85-20.42
25-35
0.4-0

high clay content
17.28-18.85
23-30
0.3-0
15.71-18.85
25-35
0.2-0
soft clay,silt
14.14-17.28
20-25
0.2-0

Type of Soil
t/m2
kN/m2
ard Sound Rock
330
3238
aminated Rock
165
1619
90
883
oft Rock
45
442
45
442
45
25
15
25
10
45
25
442
246
150
246
100
442
246

ne sand, silt
oose Gravel or sand
Medium clay

oft Clay
ery soft Clay
15
148
10
5
99
50
Arora Page 622
. Check for Subsidence

e
=
=
For No Tension
=
For No Tension
(b/2-x)
0.602 m
e < b/6
0.602
>
Check
0.22
ltimate Pressure at the toe of Retaining wall Pmax = ( V/b)(1+6e/b)

Pmax
207.577
>
207.577 kN/m2
150.00
Check
ltimate Pressure at the heel of Retaining wall Pmin = ( V/b)(1-6e/b)

Pmin
-97.640 kN/m2
actor of Safety against Bearing Capacity Failure Fb = qna / P max
Fb
0.723
<
SAFE
<3
3.0

DESIGN OF GRAVITY RETAINING WALL

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DESIGN OF GRAVITY RETAINING WALL

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DESIGN OF GRAVITY RETAINING

(Water Resources Engineering Principles and practice by S.N.M

Bottom width of stem at sill

Total width of Footing

Thrust Exerted by Back fill

Check the stability of wall at Sill Level

Active Earth Pressure Forces

Acting 0.4H From Base

Acting H/2 From Base

Moments about Toe kNm

Moments about Toe kNLever

CHECK FOR STABILITY AT BASE OF FOUNDATION

Factor of safety against overturning =

Factor of safety against overturning =

3. Check for Subsidence

Ultimate Pressure at the toe of Retaining wall Pmax = ( V/b)(1+6e/b)

Ultimate Pressure at the heel of Retaining wall Pmin = ( V/b)(1-6e/b)

Factor of Safety against Bearing Capacity Failure Fb = qna / P

0.4 H from Base H/2 from Base

Subsidence at Sill Level

Eccentricicty Developed (e)

Ultimate Pressure at the toe of Retaining wall Pmax = ( V/b)(1+6e/b)

Ultimate Pressure at the heel of Retaining wall Pmin = ( V/b)(1-6e/b)

Permissible Tensile Sress in M15 Concrete

Concrete Quantity for 1m Width

2. Check for Sliding:

Factor of safety against sliding =

(V/H) > 1.4

No shear key required