LITERATURE REVIEW MATRIX

Research question:
What is the level of participation of persons with disabilities in CDD projects?(i.e how do they
participate in the project cycle)
What factors facilitate/promote participation of persons with disabilities? Barriers to
participation
What benefits do people with disabilities get when they participate in CDD?

Research Topic

Author A

Participation
Article Details

Zacharia Samwel
Masanyiwa and
George Frank
Kinyashi ,
2008,Institute od
development studies
,UK
Title:Analysis of
community
participation in
projects managed in
NON-governmental
organisations.A case
of world vision in
central Tanzania.

Research Aims

How participation is
perceived among
local communities
and how they
participate in the
NGOs development
interventions in their

Author B

Author C

Points to
note/comments

communities.
Methods

Open ended
questions and focus
group discussions,
from project staff,
community
committees and
community
members.

Findings

Participation takes
on different forms in
the projects cycle,
some more
participatory than
others.
.participation ideal
only at the project
identification stage.
.some members
noted that village
meetings tend to
exclude and
marginalise the
ideas of other
community
members (e.g
children,
elderly,women and
people with
disabilities who
because of some
reason do not attend
such meetings.

Discussions
/analysis

This different types

of participation lead
to participation as a
means, as an end
etc.

conclusion

.levels of
participation have

not evolved where

they can be seen as
empowerment
.participation mostly
representational.This
form of participation
has shown to offer
limited space for
local communities to
engage themselves
in the development
process .As such
community groups
such as pwds seem
not to be adequately
represented and or
have no voice in this
decision making
structures.
.participatory
approaches used are
limited.
.participation in
small groups was
seen as better.

Quotes

Participation:
-It has been argued that development thinking and practice are now in the age of participation
and the paradigm of the people (Muraleedharan, 2005; Oakley, 1991)
-Powerlessness is a central component of poverty ,any focus on poverty,injustice,inequality or
exclusion involves analysis of and or challenging power and power relations (Eade and
Rowlands 2003)

They is a consensus that the application of participatory approaches calls for an appreciation of
the social dynamics and diversities such as gender,age,social status,ethnicity,disability,and power
amongst others(masinyiwa and kinyashi 2008)
Karl (2000) has identified three main aspects of participation in rural development projects and
programmes that need to be evaluated namely, the extent and quality of participation, costs and benefits of
participation to the different stakeholders, and the impact of participation on outcomes, performance and
sustainability(masinyiwa and kinyashi 2008)
The authors opined that overall that the poorer ,less educated and more marginalised groups tended to
participate less(Mansuri and Rao 2013, 135)
The dominance of constructions of health and disability as global problems to be eradicated or prevented
within development discourses has resulted in the neglect of disabled peoples experiences.Yeo and
moore (2003) argue disabled people have been largely excluded from participating in development
processes and research despite the fact that they are disproportionately represented among the poorest
people(key concepts in development geography,potter,Conway and evans pg 181)