>=
>=
<=
<=
0
0
8-x
10 - 2x
the area of the graph that satisfies all the constraints is the region of feasibility.
the maximum or minimum solutions to the problem will be at the intersection
points of the lines that bound the region of feasibility.
the graph of your equations looks like this:
point
point
point
point
(0,0)
(0,8)
(5,0)
(2,6)
is
is
is
is
the
the
the
the
intersection
intersection
intersection
intersection
of
of
of
of
the
the
the
the
line
line
line
line
subtract the first equation from the second equation and you get:
0=2-x
add x to both sides of this equation and you get:
x=2
substitute 2 for x in either equation to get y = 6.
that makes the intersection point (x,y) = (2,6).
the objective equation is:
p = 5000x + 3000y
profit will be maximum at the intersection points of the region of feasibility on
the graph.
the profit equation is evaluated at each of these points as shown in the following
table.
intersection point of (x,y)
(0,0)
(0,8)
(2,6)
(5,0)
p
$0
$24,000
$28,000 *****
$25,000
the maximum profit occurs when the farmer plants 2 acres of wheat and 6 acres
of barley.
number of acres of wheat is 2 and number of acres of barley is 6 for a total of 8
acres which is the maximum number of acres available for planting.
number of gallons of pesticide used for wheat is 4 and number of gallons of
pesticide used for barley is 6 for a total of 10 gallons of pesticide which is the
maximum amount of pesticide that can be used.
PROBLEM NUMBER 2
A painter has exactly 32 units of yellow dye and 54 units of green dye.
He plans to mix as many gallons as possible of color A and color B.
Each gallon of color A requires 4 units of yellow dye and 1 unit of green dye.
Each gallon of color B requires 1 unit of yellow dye and 6 units of green dye.
Find the maximum number of gallons he can mix.
SOLUTION TO PROBLEM NUMBER 2
the objective function is to determine the maximum number of gallons he can
mix.
the colors involved are color A and color B.
let x = the number of gallons of color A.
let y = the number of gallons of color B.
if we let g = the maximum gallons the painter can make, then the objective
function becomes:
g=x+y
make a table for color A and color B to determine the amount of each dye
required.
your table will look like this:
each gallon of color A or B will require:
color A
color B
4
1
1
6
>=
>=
<=
<=
0
0
32 - 4x
(54 - x)/6
gallons of paint
0
9
14 *****
8
the maximum gallons of paint for color A and B, given the constraints, is equal to
14.
this is comprised of 6 gallons of color A and 8 gallons of color B.
6 gallons of color A uses 24 gallons of yellow dye and 8 gallons of color B uses 8
gallons of yellow dye for a total of 32 gallons of yellow dye which is the
maximum amount of yellow dye that can be used.
6 gallons of color A user 6 gallons of green dye and 8 gallons of color B uses 48
gallons of green dye for a total of 54 gallons of green dye which is the maximum
amount of green dye that can be used.
PROBLEM NUMBER 3
The Bead Store sells material for customers to make their own jewelry. Customer
can select beads from various bins. Grace wants to design her own Halloween
necklace from orange and black beads. She wants to make a necklace that is at
least 12 inches long, but no more than 24 inches long. Grace also wants her
necklace to contain black beads that are at least twice the length of orange
beads. Finally, she wants her necklace to have at least 5 inches of black beads.
Find the constraints, sketch the problem and find the vertices (intersection
points)
SOLUTION TO PROBLEM NUMBER 3
let x = the number of inches of black beads.
let y = the number of inches of orange beads.
the objective function is the length of the necklace
there is a maximum length and a minimum length.
if you let n equal the length of the necklace, then the objective function
becomes:
n=x+y
since the problem is looking for the number of inches of black beads and the
number of inches of orange beads, we will let:
intersection points
(8,4)
(12,0)
(16,8)
(24,0)
number of inches
12
12
24
24
the number of inches of black beads is at least twice the number of inches of
orange beads.
the number of inches of black beads is at least 5.
the total length of the necklace is greater than or equal to 12 inches or less than
or equal to 24 inches.
all the constraints have been met.
the maximum length the necklace can be and still meet the constraints is 24
inches.
the minimum length the necklace can be and still meet the constraints is 12
inches.
PROBLEM NUMBER 4
A garden shop wishes to prepare a supply of special fertilizer at a minimal cost
by mixing two fertilizers, A and B.
The mixture is to contain:
at least 45 units of phosphate
at least 36 units of nitrate
at least 40 units of ammonium
Fertilizer A costs the shop $.97 per pound.
Fertilizer B costs the shop $1.89 per pound.
fertilizer A contains 5 units of phosphate and 2 units of nitrate and 2 units of
ammonium.
fertilizer B contains 3 units of phosphate and 3 units of nitrate and 5 units of
ammonium.
how many pounds of each fertilizer should the shop use in order to minimize
their cost.
SOLUTION TO PROBLEM NUMBER 4
let x = the number of pounds of fertilizer A.
let y = the number of pounds of fertilizer B.
the objective function is to minimize the cost.
the objective function becomes:
c = .97x + 1.89y
the constraint equations are:
since the number of pounds of each fertilizer can't be negative, 2 of the
constraint equations become:
x >= 0
y >= 0
since the number of units of phosphate has to be at least 45, the constraint
equation for phosphate becomes:
5x + 3y >= 45
since the number of units of nitrate must be at least 36, the constraint equation
for nitrates becomes:
2x + 3y >= 36
since the number of units of ammonium must be at least 40, the constraint
>=
>=
>=
>=
>=
0
0
(45-5x)/3
(36 - 2x)/3
(40-2x)/5
the intersection points of the boundaries of the region of feasibility contain the
minimum cost solution for the objective function in this problem.
now that you have the intersection points, you can solve for the minimum cost
equation which is the objective function of:
c = .97x + 1.89y
the following table shows the value of the cost equation at each of the
intersection points.
*****
c = .97x + 1.89y
(0,15)
(3,10)
(15,2)
28.35
21.81
18.33
(20,0)
19.40
the table suggests that we have a minimum cost solution when the value of x is
equal to 15 and the value of y is equal 2.
when x = 15 and y = 2, the number of pounds of potassium, nitrates, and
ammonium are:
phosphate = 5x + 3y = 5*15 + 3*2 = 75 + 6 = 81
nitrate = 2x + 3y = 2*15 + 3*2 = 30 + 6 = 36
ammonium = 2x + 5y = 2*15 + 5*2 = 30 + 10 = 40
all the constraints associated with the minimum cost objective have been met.