Technology-Introduction
Dr. Tanvir Manzur
New criteria
Low-shrinkage
Crack Free
Maximum temperature rise
Architectural concrete
Environmental Impact
Major challenges
Environmental impact
Long term durability
Major Challenges
Environmental Impact
World demand/year
11.5 billion ton of concrete
1.5 billion ton of cement
1 billion ton of water
9 billion ton of aggregate
Consequences I
1.5 billion ton of cement
Generates 1.5 billion ton of CO2
Responsible for 5-7% CO2 production in the world
Major Challenges
Major Challenges
Consequences II
1 billion ton of water
Consequences III
9 billion ton/y of aggregate
Depletion of natural resources
Concrete
The word concrete comes from the Latin verb concretus,
Concrete
In an article published by the Scientific American in April 1964,
portland cement with sand, crushed rock, and water. Last year in the U.S. 63
million tons of portland cement were converted into 500 million tons of concrete,
five times the consumption by weight of steel. In many countries the ratio of
concrete consumption to steel consumption exceeds ten to one. The total world
consumption of concrete last year is estimated at three billion tons, or one ton for
every living human being. Man consumes no material except water in such
tremendous quantities.
Concrete
Today, the rate at which concrete is used is much higher than
Concrete
First, concrete possesses excellent resistance to water.
Unlike wood and ordinary steel, the ability of concrete to withstand
Concrete
The second reason for the widespread use of concrete is the
Concrete
The third reason for the popularity of concrete with engineers is
Nature of Concrete
Concrete is a composite material
Composed of course granular material (the aggregate or filler) embedded
in a hard matrix of material (the cement or binder) that fills the space
between the aggregate particles and glues them together
Advantage of Concrete
Concrete is the predominant material used in construction
It competes directly with all other major construction
Advantage of Concrete
Advantage of Concrete
Advantage of Concrete
Advantage of Concrete
Energy efficiency of concrete
Because of the high impact energy costs on material costs and the
Types of Concrete
Based on unit weight, concrete can be classified into three
broad categories
Normal-weight concrete
Types of Concrete
Strength grading of cements and concrete is prevalent in
Types of Concrete
Toughness
The term toughness is used as a measure of this energy
The contrast between toughness and strength should be noted; the former
material but also its durability, which has serious implications for the
lifecycle cost of a structure
storage tank on the Rodos Island in Greece and several aqueducts built in
Europe built by the Romans nearly 2000 years ago, are a living testimony
to the long-term durability of concrete in moist environments.
Dr. Tanvir Manzur, CE, BUET
Units of Measurement