P.I.
X2
X1
g1
Y1
(g1-g2)L/2
x3
Y2
Y3
P.C
.
A
-g2L/2
g2
H
F
P.T.
L/
L/
1. The vertical offsets from the2 tangent to the curve are 2proportional to the squares of the distances
from the point of tangency.
y1 =
H
y3
=
H
(x1)2
(L/2)2 (x3)2 (L/2)2
y2
=
(x2)2
H
(L/2)2
y1
(x2)2
y2 =
(x2)2
y3
(x3)2
2. The curve bisects the distance between the vertex and the midpoint of the long chord.
From similar triangles:
BF
= CD
(L/2)
L
BF = CD/2
BE
BE
CDL2
CD
BE
BE
H
=
=
= 1
CD/4
CD/4
(CD/2)
4L 2
BE
2
=
BF/2
3. If the algebraic difference in the rate of grade of the two slopes is positive, that is (g 1-g2), we have a
summit curve, but if it is negative, we have a sag curve.
4. The length of curve of a parabolic vertical curve is measured not along the curve but along the
horizontal line.
5. The stationing of the vertical parabolic curve is measured along the curve but along a horizontal
line.
6. For a symmetrical parabolic curve, the number of stations to the left must be equal to the number
of stations to the right, of the intersection of the slopes or forward and backward tangent.
7. The slope of the parabola varies uniformly along the curve, as shown by differentiating the equation
of the parabolic curve.
y
dy
dx
=
=
kx2
2kx
The second derivative is d2y = 2k , where d2y = rate of change of grade or the slope.
dx
dx
Therefore, the rate of change is constant and equal to:
r = 2k
or
r = g2 1
g
n
n = no. of station of curve
8. The maximum offset H = 1/8 the product of the algebraic difference between the two rates of grade
and the length of the curve.
From the figure:
CD
=
BE
(g1 g2) L
CD/4
2
H
1L (g1 g2)
4 2
Therefore,
1 (g1 g2)L
8
S1
1
L - S1
g1L
P.I..
g1 g2
P.C.
P.T..
b. From P.T.
L S2
S2
S2
g2L
g2 g1
P.I.
.
P.C
.
P.T
..
L
D
g1L2
P.I.
X1
(g1-g2)L2
X2
H
Y1
g1
P.C
.
Y2
g2L2
g2
H
A
F
P.T.
L1
L2
Applying the squared property of parabola in solving for the vertical offsets of the parabola, we use the
following:
y1
y2
(x1)2
L 12
H is computed as:
(x2)2
H
L 22
(g1 g2)L1 L2
2 (L1 + L2)
L1
2HL2
L2 (g1 g2) 2H
b.
H
2
g1L12
2H
S2
g2L22
2H
b.
c.
Sample Problem 2:
A vertical symmetrical sag curve has a descending grade of -4.2% and ascending grade of +3%
intersecting at station 10+020, whose elevation is 100-m. The two grade lines are connected by
a 260-m vertical parabolic sag curve.
a. At what distance from the PC is the lowest point of the curve located?
b. What is the vertical offset of the parabolic curve to the point of intersection of the tangent
grades to midpoint of the curve?
c. What is the elevation of the lowest point on your curve?
d. If a 1-m diameter culvert is placed at the lowest point of the curve with top of the culvert
buried 0.60-m below subgrade, what will be the elevation of the invert of the culvert?
Sample Problem 3:
A symmetrical parabolic summit curve connects two grades of 6% and -4% it is to pass through a
point P the stationing of which is 35+280 with elevation of 198.13 and the elevation of the
grade intersection is 200-m with stationing 35+300.
a. Determine the length of curve.
b. Determine the stationing and elevation of PC.
c. Determine the elevation and stationing of PT.