Crosssectionswithplastichingerotationcapacity.
b / t 26 but 72 d / t ; d / t 56
2.17
Class2compact
Crosssectionswithplasticmomentcapacity.
b / t 28 but 54 0.5.d / t ; d / t 70
2.18
Class3semicompact
1|3 0 2 0 1 2 0 3 3 2 3
b / t 35 ; d / t 105
2.19
Class4slender
b / t 35 ; d / t 105
2.20
where,
b
d
flange width;
web depth;
275
p
y
0.5
py
design strength.
minimumyieldstrengthorinthecaseofthematerialdoesnotshowthe
yieldingclearly,eitherthe0.2%proofstressorthestressat0.5%total
elongation;
Us
minimumultimatetensilestrength.
The design strength may be increased as the effect of cold forming as mentioned in
sub section 3.4 of the standard.
For the elastic properties the following value can be used as mentioned in Clause
3.3.2 of the code:
Modulusofelasticity
E =
205kN/mm2
Shearmodulus
G =
79kN/mm2
Poissonsratio
0.3
Coefficientoflinearthermalexpansion
12x106perC
60
- Anyothertypeofstiffener
90
3|3 0 2 0 1 2 0 3 3 2 3
500
60
f c / pcr 0.123
(i) For
beff / b 1
2.21
f c / pcr 0.123
(ii) For
beff / b (1 14( f c / p r )1 / 2 0.35 ) 0.2
4
2.22
where,
fc
:
pcr
t
pcr 185000.K .
b
2.23
where,
K
localbucklingcoefficientwhichdependsonelementtypeandsection
geometry(seeAppendixC);
materialthickness.
p0
capacity should be determined on the basis of a limiting compressive stress in the web,
This stress is used in evaluation of the effective width of compression elements, and hence
the reduce section properties, and in the determination of the moment capacity (Clause 5 of
BS 5950 Part 5: 1998).
4|3 0 2 0 1 2 0 3 3 2 3
p0
The compressive stress,
plane, should not exceed the smaller one of the following values (Clause 5.2.2.2 of BS 5950
Part 5: 1998):
D Y
p 0 1.13 0.0019 s
t 280
or
1
2
py
2.24
p0 p y
2.25
where,
p0
py
Ys
t
py
Where a web element has an intermediate stiffener, the limiting compressive stress,
p0
, may be used the smaller one of the following values (Clause 5.2.2.3 of BS 5950 Part 5:
1998):
D Y
p 0 1.13 0.0019 e s
t 280
or
1
2
py
2.26
p0 p y
2.27
where,
5|3 0 2 0 1 2 0 3 3 2 3
De
equivalentdepthofanintermediatelystiffenedwebandmaybetakenasthe
largerofthevaluesgivenby:
De D2
De D D2 / 4
or
2.28
where
D2
distance between the centre line of the intermediate stiffener web and the
tensionelement(whereawebhasanumberofintermediatestiffeners,the
value of D2 should be assessed on the basis of the stiffener nearest the
compressionflange,withallotherstiffenersdisregarded);
D, Ys , p y
and
For sections with stiffened compression elements, the maximum moments are
determined as follows (Clause 5.2.3.2 of BS 5950 Part 5: 1998):
(a) For b/t 25 (280/Ys)1/2 (plastic cross section)
M c' M p
2.29
(b) for b/t 40 (280/Ys)1/2
M c' M c
2.30
(b) For
25 (280/Ys)1/2
b/ t 40 (280/Ys)1/2 ,
M c'
M c' M c
40(280 / Ys ) 2 b / t
15(280 / Ys )
1
2
(M p M c )
2.31
The maximum moment for sections with unstiffened compression elements are as
follows (Clause 5.2.3.3 of BS 5950 Part 5: 1998):
(a) for b/t 8 (280/Ys)1/2 (plastic cross section)
M c' M p
2.32
(b) for b/t 13 (280/Ys)1/2
6|3 0 2 0 1 2 0 3 3 2 3
M c' M c
2.33
(c) for 8 (280/Ys)1/2 b/t 13 (280/Ys)1/2 ,
M c'
M c' M c
13(280 / Ys ) 2 b / t
5( 280 / Ys )
1
2
(M p M c )
2.34
where,
b
t
widthofthecompressionelement;
compressionelementthickness;
yield strength;
fullyplasticmomentforthefullsection
Ys
M c'
Mp
M p Ys .S
Mc
:
M c p 0 .Z
,whereZistheelasticmodulusofthesection.
7|3 0 2 0 1 2 0 3 3 2 3
The value of force and moment of the members may not exceed the section capacity
calculated using the suitable formulas and should satisfy the following provisions:
(a) Webcrushing(Clause5.3andTable7ofBS5950Part5:1998)
D
Pw t 2 .k .C3 .C4 .C12 . 2060 3.8.
N
. 1 0.01.
2.35
where,
Pw
actual length of bearing (in mm) determined in accordance with Clause 5.3of
BS 5950 Part 5: 1998
Pw
distance from the end of the beam to the load or the reaction (in mm);
C3 1.33 0.33k
2.36
p y / 228
=
:
2.37
2.38
py
, where
angle(indegrees)betweenplaneofwebandplaneofbearingsurface,where
45
90.
(b) Shearinweb(Clause5.4ofBS5950Part5:1998)
Maximumshearstress(Clause5.4.2ofBS5950Part5:1998)
f v 0 .7 p y
2.39
Averageshearstress(Clause5.4.3ofBS5950Part5:1998)
8|3 0 2 0 1 2 0 3 3 2 3
f av 0.6. p y
or
qcr
2.40
1000.t
qcr
N/mm2
2.41
where,
py
t
(c) Combinedbendingandwebcrushing(Clause5.5.1ofBS5950Part5:1998)
F M
1.5
1.1. w
P
M
c
w
2.42
Fw
1. 0
Pw
2.43
M
1. 0
Mc
2.44
where,
Fw
:
Pw
M
Fw
:
moment capacity.
Mc
(d) Combinedbendingandshear(Clause5.5.2ofBS5950Part5:1998)
9|3 0 2 0 1 2 0 3 3 2 3
Fv
M
P
M
c
v
1
2.45
where,
Fv
:
shear force;
Pv
p v .D.t
:
q cr .D.t
or
Fv
:
moment capacity.
Mc
(e) Lateralbuckling/lateraltorsionalbuckling(Clause5.6.2.1ofBS5950Part5:
1998)
Mb
1
1
M y 1 .M E M y 1 .M E 2 4.M y .M E 2
2
2.46
where,
My
Ys .Z c
=
ME
2.47
LE/ry40.Cb
0
2.48
LE/ry>40.Cb
LE
40.Cb
r
0.002.
10|3 0 2 0 1 2 0 3 3 2 3
2.49
where,
LE
effective length;
ry
Cb
calculated using:
Cb 1.75 1.05 0.382
2.3
2.50
where,
is the ratio of the smaller end moment to the larger end moment
in the
curvature bending and negative in the case of double curvature bending (See
Appendix D).
(f) Deflections(Clause5.7ofBS5950Part5:1998)
For
M c M cr
or
Thefullcrosssectionshouldbeusedinevaluatingthesecondmomentofarea
andthedeflectioncalculatedusingsimplebeamtheory;
M cr M M c
For
EitherMorisdeterminedfromaspecifiedvalueoftheotherquantityusing
theequation:
M M cr
cr
M c M cr c cr
2.51
where,
M
11|3 0 2 0 1 2 0 3 3 2 3
moment capacity;
Mc
c
Mc
:
deflection corresponding to
M cr
2
t
M cr 120000.K . .Z c
b
K
t
2.52
Zc
b
cr
M cr
:
section.
g) Flangecurling(Clause5.8ofBS5950Part5:1998)
f a2 .B 4
B
For 250 u 2.
_
t
E 2 .t 2 . y
u 5 00 D
2.53
where
flange width for unstiffened or edge stiffened flanges, or half the overall
fa
B
modulus of elasticity;
flange thickness;
12|3 0 2 0 1 2 0 3 3 2 3
13|3 0 2 0 1 2 0 3 3 2 3