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The McCabe-Thiele method assumes that molar liquid and vapour flows are constant in each section of the column. A graphical method that includes energy balances as well as material balances is The Ponchon-Savarit method.
The McCabe-Thiele method assumes that molar liquid and vapour flows are constant in each section of the column. A graphical method that includes energy balances as well as material balances is The Ponchon-Savarit method.
The McCabe-Thiele method assumes that molar liquid and vapour flows are constant in each section of the column. A graphical method that includes energy balances as well as material balances is The Ponchon-Savarit method.
distillation separation shown below? Where is the feed and the take-off stages? Use the McCabeThiele graphical method. At 1 atm (14.696 psia), methanol boils at 64.7oC and ethanol boils at 78.4oC. The vapour pressure of ethanol at 64.7oC = 8.2 psia. The vapour pressure of methanol at 78.4oC = 25 psia. Consider the mixture to be ideal. For the two components assume that the relative volatility is 1.745. Assume that the pinch occurs at the feed stage.
GRAPHICAL MULTISTAGE CALCULATIONS BY THE
PONCHON-SAVARIT METHOD Brief overview of the Method The McCabe-Thiele method assumes that molar liquid and vapour flows are constant in each section of the column. This assumption eliminates the need to make an energy balance for each stage. A graphical method that includes energy balances as well as material balances is the Ponchon-Savarit method. The Ponchon-Savarit method uses Enthalpy-concentration diagrams such as the one shown below. This diagram includes curves for the enthalpies of saturated liquid and vapour mixtures. Terminal points of tie lines connecting these two curves represent the equilibrium vapour and liquid compositions. For the purpose of this section we are always going to assume that Murphrees plate efficiency is 100% which implies that liquid and vapour streams leaving each plate are in perfect equilibrium with each other in terms of their compositions.
Consider a single stage, n-1, where vapour from stage n-2 below is mixed adiabatically with liquid from stage n above to give an overall mixture, denoted by the mole fraction z, and then brought to equilibrium
Figure 10.4
Feed Stage Location
In the diagram above, P is the difference point for stages above the feed stage and P for stages below the feed stage, it follows that the transition from one difference point to the other occurs at the feed stage. Therefore the tie line that crosses the line PP will be ideal feed stage. Hence the feed stage is stage 5.
Limiting Reflux Ratios
Total Reflux At total reflux, the minimum number of stages is required and F=0, B = 0, D = 0, therefore the points (hD qD, xD) and (hB qB, xB) lie at infinity. The operating lines for each section of the column thus become straight vertical lines and the minimum number of stages in calculated as shown in the diagram below.
Minimum Reflux Ratio
The first step in determining the minimum reflux ratio is to use the feed condition. In the diagram below the difference point P and P are located by extending the equilibrium tie line through zF to its intersections with the two difference point. However in the Figure below, the extension of the feed point tie line places the difference points at P1 and P1. The pinch point however manifests itself at tie line T. This suggests that the minimum reflux ratio in the enriching section is set by the highest intersection made by the steepest tie line in the section with the line x = xD. Use of difference point P in stepping off stages gives an infinite number of stages with the pinch point occurring at xT x = xB. If there is a tie line in the stripping section that gives a lower P, this must be used; otherwise, a pinch region will develop in the stripping section.
The Partial Condenser
The Figure below shows the construction of operating line corresponding to an enriching section with a partial condenser. Here Vn and LR are on the same operating line, and LR is in equilibrium with D.