Identify Embedded System, define and analyze their interfaces.

Describe input, output

and classify based on their mode of interaction that is Visual, Audio, Tactile and Electronic.
Each input and output estimate rate of data transferred, also estimate Response Time for
different inputs.
Smoke Detector

Smoke Detector: In any modern structure or building of the world, safety has the highest
priority and therefore fire detection system is one of the basic components of the structure.
Timely information of fire not only helps save lives but also makes it easier to put out fire. A
smoke detector is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of fire. Commercial
security devices issue a signal to a fire alarm control panel as part of a fire alarm system,
while household detectors, known as smoke alarms, generally issue a local audible or visual
alarm from the detector itself.
Objectives:
1.

Indicate the room in which fire erupted

2.

Sound the alarm if fire occurs

3.

False Alarm occurrence should be kept minimum

4.

The system should be flexible enough to be easily modified in case if new rooms are
added to the building

5.

The system should also provide the flexibility to adjust the temperature and smoke
sensitivity levels as per the operating environment

6.

The system should never be in any ambiguous state. Under normal conditions the
system should indicate the state of the room as NORMAL in order to avoid any
confusion.

INPUT: Specified area is filled with smoke or contained the smoke

MODE OF INTERACTION: Visual

SMOKE DETECTION CIRCUIT:

The second module of our project is to detect smoke from the environment which is
inevitable outcome of fire. So to fulfill this requirement we have used smoke sensor TGS 308
and a comparator. The sensor output is almost zero when there is no smoke in environment .On
the contrary when there is a smoke the sensor will give a output voltage according to
the intensity of smoke .As soon as the smoke vanishes its output again comes to zero .The
internal circuitry of TGS-308 contains a heater .as the smoke particles will pass through , the
heater will ionize the smoke particles and they will act as a charge carriers so a voltage will be
built at output .TGS-308 has four pins Pin A, B, C and D. out of these A and B are connected to
Vcc, pin D is connected with ground and pin C is the output pin. The output pin is connected
with the positive input of comparator while at its negative input there is constant 3 volts .so as
the smoke will produce, there will be voltage at output of sensor. As the smoke intensity
increase and the sensor output will reach 3.1 volts the comparator will pass a high signal
to microcontroller. As this sensor is quite sensitive to smoke so we have kept 3 volts as a
standard at comparator input so that it should detect real fire and do not activate on fake signals
just like if someone is smoking.
MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMMING AND INTERFACING:

It has used 89S52 microcontroller. It has 40 pins .pin no 40 is connected to Vcc while pin no 20
with ground.
OUTPUT:

Light Emitting Diode:

How it Works: Electrical energy -> Light energy A voltage across the LED makes it
light. LEDs are used to indicate when something is on or off. If smoke is their then
LED is ON else OFF.

Buzzer:
How it Works: Electrical energy -> Sound energy A voltage across the buzzer makes
it sound. The buzzer just switches sound on or off. If smoke is their then Buzzer
produce specific sound else it is OFF.

MODE OF INTERACTION: Audio and Visual

RATE OF DATA TRANSFERRED:

The smoke detectors may be configured to include network hub functionality in order
to provide power and/or data transmission capability or hub capability to the network.
A network hub is a common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are
commonly used to connect segments of a LAN. A hub typically includes multiple
ports. The Ethernet is a local-area network (LAN) architecture that uses a bus or star
topology and supports data transfer rates of, for example, 10 megabits per second
(Mbps) .

(IEEE) 802.11 Wireless Networking Standards relates to wireless LANs and provides
1 or 2 Mbps transmission in the 2.4 GHz band using either frequency hopping
spread spectrum (FHSS) or direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)

802.11a is an extension to 802.11 that applies to wireless LANs and provides up to 54

Mbps in the 5 GHz band. 802.11a uses an orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing encoding scheme rather than FHSS or DSSS

802.11g relates to wireless LANs and provides 20+ Mbps in the 2.4 GHz band.

RF uses Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP) for wireless voice and data
networking in the home. SWAP typically operates in the 2400 MHz band at 50 hops
per second. Data travels at a rate between 1 Mbps and 2 Mbps.

Response Time:
Response Time varies because use of different wireless networking standards
and used hardware by the company to manufacture the smoke detectors.

Example:
LED ON/OFF:

Smoke is detected then LED ON within

5-10

(5000-10000ms)Seconds displays RED light else display green light

Buzzer produce sound within 15-30 seconds and Buzzer ON till 5 Minutes after
firing buzzer or alarm.

In case if both the bits of a particular room are high (i.e. the smoke and heat levels
are above normal conditions), the program sets the pin connected to the buzzer,
turning it ON. Simultaneously the LCD displays the room number of the room
where fire has erupted.

In case if one of the bits of a particular room is set (i.e. either the smoke sensor or
his operating above normal conditions), the program takes this situation as
ambiguous and displays NORMAL on the LCD.

If both the bits are at low logic levels (i.e. both the heat and smoke sensors are
operating under normal conditions), the program simply displays NORMAL on
the LCD and the buzzer also remains OFF.

The programming approach to display output on the LCD includes character by

character transfer of the entire string with an appropriate delay. The LCD is
initialized only once and only the top line of the LCD is being used for display
purpose.