A

MINI PROJECT REPORT ON

EDGE AVOIDER ROBOT

IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

BY
SHAIK IRFAN
12081A0469

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Assistant Prof. SALMA FATIMA

SHADAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

HIMAYATSAGAR ROAD, PEERANCHERU, HYDERABAD-500 008
(AFFILIATED TO J.N.T.U. HYDERABAD)
2015-2016

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report on the mini project entitled EDGE

AVOIDER ROBOT has been submitted By SHAIK IRFAN bearing Roll No.
12081A0469, under the guidance of Assistant Prof. SALMA FATIMA in the partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology
in Electronics and Communication Engineering affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru
Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad.

Date:
Place: HYDERABAD

INTERNAL GUIDE

Prof. M.A MUBEEN

Assistant Prof. SALMA FATIMA

HOD, Dept. of ECE,

SCET, Hyderabad.

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the mini project entitled, EDGE AVOIDER

ROBOT completed and written by me has not previously formed the basis for the
award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication
Engineering.

Date:

SHAIK IRFAN

Place: HYDERABAD

12081A0469

Signature of the Student

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I am immensely grateful to my mini project guide MISS SALMA FATIMA,
Assistant professor in Shadan College of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad for
all the support, encouragement and valuable guidance offered by him and valuable
advice by our Mini-Project Co-ordinator Mr. MOHAMMED ABDUL MUBEEN,
Associate Prof. throughout the course of my mini project.
Finally I am thankful to one and all who have helped me directly or indirectly
to complete this mini project successfully.

SHAIK IRFAN
12081A0469

Examination Approval Sheet

The mini project report entitled "EDGE AVOIDER ROBOT" By
SHAIK IRFAN bearing Roll No.12081A0469 is approved for the degree of Bachelor
of Technology (Electronics and Communication Engineering) of Jawaharlal Nehru
Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad.

Examiners
1

Head of the Department

External Examiner

Internal Examiner

Mini-Project Co-ordinator

Date

Place : HYDERABAD

ABSTRACT
Edge Avoiding Robot is a mobile device, which senses and avoids the
absence of surface below it. This simple concept was designed by our RB
researches in order to help your robot to protect from falling. This robot is also made
without microcontroller to make everyone more comfortable on developing their own
robot. This robot that moves on an elevated surface by automatically detecting edges
and avoiding the fall.
Robot will be move forward as long as the sensor detects a surface under it.
As soon as edge detector sensor goes out of the table, the robot will make an in-place
rotation greater than 90 degree and then continue as per sensor value. This results in a
mechanism which turns the robot into the appropriate direction whenever the limit of
the table ends thus never falling from it

CONTENTS

Sl.No.
1

Title

Page No

Chapter 1
Introduction

Chapter 2
2.1 Description

2.2 Components Required

2.3 Circuit Diagram

2.4 Circuit Operation

Chapter 3 Components Description

3.1 DC Motor
3.1.1 DC Motor Specification

5
5

3.1.1.1 RPM(Revolution Per Minute)

3.1.1.2 No-load Speed

3.1.1.3 Stall Torque

3.1.1.4 Maximum Current

3.2 L293D

3.2.1 Pin Diagram

3.2.2 Pin Description

3.3 555 - Timer

3.3.1 Functional Description

10

3.3.2 Block Diagram

11

3.3.3 Pin description

11

3.4 7805 IC Voltage Regulator.................

3.4.1 Description

12
12

3.5 Potentiometer

17

3.6 IR Sensor

19

3.5 Resistance

20

3.6 Capacitor

21

3.6.1 Polarised Capacitor

22

3.6.2 Un-polarised Capacitor

3.7 Light Emitting Diode
4

23
23

Chapter 4 Printed Circuit Board

4.1

Printed circuit board...

25
4.2 PCB design...........................................................................................27
4.2 PCB Lay Out
5

28

Chapter 5 Result
5.1 Result

30

5.2 Advantages

32

5.2 Disadvantages

32

5.4 Applications

32

CONCLUSION

33

REFERENCES

34

LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. No.

Title

Page No

2.1

Edge Avoider Robot Circuit Diagram

3.1

DC Motor

3.2

IC L293D

3.3

Pin Diagram Of IC L293D

3.4

555 Timer

10

3.5

Block diagram of 555 timer

11

3.6

Regulated Power Supply Circuit

13

3.7

Pin Diagram of IC7805

14

3.8

7805 Voltage Regulator Circuit Diagram

16

3.9

Potentiometer

17

3.10

Equivalent Circuit Of Variable Potentiometer

18

3.11

Equivalent Circuit Of Constant Potentiometer

19

3.12

Circuit Diagram- sensor part

19

3.13

Edge Detector sensor circuit

20

3.14

Resistor

21

3.15

Electrolytic Capacitor

22

3.16

Tantalum Bead Capacitor

22

3.17

Unpolarised Capacitor

23

3.18

Light Emitted Diode

24

4.1

General PCB

26

4.2

Positive Mirrored

27

4.3

Complete Bot

30

5.1

Sensor Placement

30

5.1

Edge Detector Sensor

31

4.2

Automatically detecting edges and avoiding

31

LIST OF FIGURES
Sl.No.

Title

Page No

Pin Description of IC L293D

Working of Components

14

Pin Description of IC7805

15

Component Values

15