Yihong WANG1,2
Ka Wing CHAN1
Yutong ZHANG1
Shengwei MEI2
ABSTRACT
This paper proposed a new optimization model to
minimize power loss and the load curtailments
necessary to restore the equilibrium of operating
point. The solution algorithm is based on the particle
swarm optimization (PSO) method in which the load
shedding would be considered as the penalty in the
optimization cost function. The aim function would
be optimized for minimum power loss under normal
operating conditions and minimum load shedding
during emergency conditions. In contrary to the
other load shedding strategies, there is no limitation
in where the load could be shedding and how much
could be shedding. Furthermore, this algorithm has
the advantages of PSO method. That is this
algorithm doesnt require the gradient information,
and has better global search ability. The
effectiveness of this model is verified by the
simulation results concerning the IEEE 30-bus
system.
1.
INTRODUCTION
2.
vi ,t +1 = w vi ,t + 1 r1 ( pbesti ,t xi ,t )
+ 2 r2 ( gbest t xi ,t )
(1)
xi ,t +1 = xi ,t + vi ,t +1
where w is inertia weight; 1 and 2 are
acceleration constants; r1 and r2 are uniform random
number in the range of [0, 1].
After generating the new generation as above, the
pbestit +1 and gbest t +1 could be calculated:
pbest
t +1
i
pbestit
= t +1
xi
if f (xit +1 )>pbestit
if f (xit +1 )<pbestit
(2)
min f ( x)
st. gi ( x) = 0
h j ( x) 0
i=1,2,N eq
(3)
j=1,2,N ueq
N ueq
i =1
j =1
3.
(5)
jL
(6)
i =1
n
(7)
i =1
r = rand 0.5
(8)
Qgi Q
max
gi
(9)
j
j
j
xi + r ( xmax xi )
xij = j
j
j
xi + r ( xi xmin )
if(r 0) (13)
if(r < 0)
3. Voltage constraint
Vi min Vi Vi max
(10)
Fl max Fl Fl max
(11)
jL
N ueq
(12)
+ wh max(0, h j ( x))
j =1
st.
jL
jL
min
gi
(14)
Pgi Pgimax
CASE STUDIES
j
if xij > xmax
others
(15)
jL
N ueq
Bus
2
3
4
7
8
10
12
14
15
16
P
(MW)
21.7
2.4
7.6
22.8
30
5.8
11.2
6.2
8.2
3.5
Q
(MVAr)
12.7
1.2
1.6
10.9
30
2
7.5
1.6
2.5
1.8
Bus
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
26
29
30
P
(MW)
9
3.2
9.5
2.2
17.5
3.2
8.7
3.5
2.4
10.6
Q
(MVAr)
5.8
0.9
3.4
0.7
11.2
1.6
6.7
2.3
0.9
1.9
P (MW)
7.5032
53.3442
31.3837
41.3806
17.5521
40.0000
Q (MVAr)
-20
12.1268
22.6370
26.3202
7.7025
36.9050
P (MW)
69.3881
79.9961
19.6983
Q (MVAr)
4.2385
60.0000
29.7622
P (MW)
10.5965
45.8882
36.0384
35.2383
16.3393
40.0000
Q (MVAr)
-6.8001
11.8837
19.2129
25.0658
7.1972
39.0586
5.
DISCUSSIONS
6.
CONCLUSIONS
7.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES