"
tLo
~
Synopsis
Introduction
received
Experimental
Method
Table I
Parameters
(VR)
slurry
9,4
407
85
120
1545
70
1615
3615
<10
195
2200
365
Dec. 1994.
FEBRUARY 1994
37
....
100
ell
C
80
..
..
..
Co
..ell
60
..
C
..
..
~40
IL
20
100
10
Particle
Figure 1-Particle-size
distribution
size
1000
(,.vm)
120
100
ell
C
..
..
..
Co
80
..
ell
..
C
..
60
..
~40
IL
20
10
Particle
Figure 2-Particle-size
authors
Steward
thank
assistance
Flowloop
and
in the performance
of the pipeloop
tests;
Dr P.V. Scheers
of Mintek
the electrochemical
and
The
Gold
Division
and
of Anglo
testing;
American
for permission
publish
paper.
this
for
Uranium
Corporation
to
References
1. MADSEN,B.W.
Measurement
of
erosion-corrosion
synergism with a slurry
wear test apparatus.
Wear if materials.
Ludema, R.C. (ed.). New
York, ASME, 1987.
38
Tests
Mr NHs
1000
Acknowledgements
The
100
size (,.vm)
FEBRUARY 1994
Slurry re.ervolr
Centrlfugll pump
Mlgnetlc flowmeter
Test pipeline
Helt-exchlnger.
BllI-vlln
Iwltch-onr
Byp... pipeline
Weigh tlnk
Jet Implct nozzle
Table 11
1.7
4
22 to 27
Figure 3-Layout
Table
11/
I.
.. ..
200
...
200
tests
Value I Description
500
~I
Pipe:
Figure 4-Schematic
ASTM
A108
1,7
BS10 table D
50 NB flange
pvc collar
Tie bar
Or. B 50NB
22
Sch.40
Unear polarization
resistance (LPR) and Tafel
extrapolation over the range
E~":t 200 mV
2.
LUI. AW..
Nitrogen
Corrosive
and erosive
of metals
wear
2 gII NaNO,
in mineral
slurries.
Can. Metall,
vol.
erosion-<:orrosion
slurry
mass
in the
of
pipelines.
Corrosion.,
Sep.1986.
4.
POSTLEWAITE,
HAWRYLARK,
slurry
Effect
of
In.ulllion
on the
dissolution
in water.
J.. and
M.W.
abrasion
anodic
of iron
Corrosion,
vol.
Reference
electrode
tipping
Figure &-Schematic
assembly
wear-an
advancing
6.
4/r.
Inst.
vol.
92.
technology.
Min.
no.
AMERICAN
TEsTING
ASTM
Metall.
6. Jun.
SooErv
j.S.
1992.
FOR
AND MATERIAL5.
Standord
Standard
GI-1981.
practice
for
preparing.
cleaning
evaluating
corrosion
specimens.
ASTM,
and
test
Electrochemical
Tests
Electrochemical
rotating-cylinder
1981.
FEBRUARY 1994
39
....
Figure 7-Corrosion
7.
NACEStflndordRP-OI-69.
practice,
Recommended
control
corrosion
of external
on underground
or submerged
piping
Revision,
metallic
systems.
NACE,
1983
Houston,
1983.
8.
GUMMOW,R.A. Cathodic
protection criteria-a
critical review of NACE
Standard RP-DI--69.
Materials Perfonnance,
Sep. 1986.
9.
WHITE,R.T. An
assessment of available
corrosion inhibitors for
the reticulation systems of
South African gold mines.
Mintek Report no. M180.
Randburg (South Africa)
Results
Pipe
Tests
1985.
40
FEBRUARY 1994
14
. VRtotal wear
12
VRcath. prot.
.. VR E. chem
10
~
..
CD
>-
E
E
110
110
0
...I
"
",
--0
0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
Velocity
Figure 1O-Wear
2,5
",
"
"
..
3,0
[m/s]
3,5
4,0
4,5
"
41
--
VR CP 1088
E.ch.m corr.
OR ..."
*..
0,03
m.
"'
"
0
0
0
...
E 0,02
m.~
-E....
---- -----------
0
.J
0,01
---
'It---
&
0
2,75
3,00
Velocity
Figure 11-Wear
3,77
4,88
[m/sI
,
,,
I.
3
~..
..
>-
,
., ,
....
0
.J
,
,,,
",'"
'"
",'"'"
WDL E.
ch em In slurry
./
...~",'"
.~:""..~......................
' *...........
";"~"'-
0,5
Figure 12-Data
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Velocity
[m/s]
3,0
3,5
4,0
4,5
0,008
0,005
....
0,004
0
.J
.,..'"
",'" ~
",'"
",'"
",'"
",'"
",'"
"",,'" WDL
, CP results
",'"
0,003
0,001
",'"
",'"
...,.."",
",'"
",'"
",'"
",'"
"'~
E. chem corr.
,..........
0
0
2,75
3,77
Velocity
42
[m/sI
4,88
Mean =27,10
cr = 1,16
18,65
Table V
tests
Corrosion
rate
mm/year
Test
3,52
Water, 3 m/s
Water (3 m/s) de-aerated
0,06
+ inhibitor
Slurry (2 m/s)
0,29
Slurry (3 m/s)
0,35
0,47
Slurry (4 m/s)
Slurry (3 m/s) de-aerated
0,08
+ inhibitor
Table VI
Results
of mass-loss
loss, mm/year
VR
WDL
5,11
5,34
0,21
0,18
Table VII
FEBRUARY 1994
43
....
consisting
mass) aluminium
oxide
water containing
1000 ppm of Na2S04 at a pH of
9, inhibition
and cathodic protection reduced the
mass loss by 43 per cent and 48 per cent respectivel/.
In that work,
corrosion-control
comparison
resistance
used these
so that a direct
course, relevant
materials
the authors
techniques
materials.
This is, of
to the backfill
are frequently
of their erosion
situation,
compared
resistance,
where
on the basis
whereas
they are
in terms of their
resistance
to the combined
corrosion.
Thus, in a backfill
effects of erosion
polymeric
material
would
slurry,
and
any
gain an advantage
resistance
was
in the mining
recognizing
corrosion
as a separate
slurry-transportation
identified
systems,
failures
on
industry13
in
entity
in
most personnel
De
Brabyn's
results,
to account
rod-milled
caused by classified
tailings.
Cost Implications
If corrosion
accounts
there is a strong
indication
must be investigated
that corrosion
control
when carbon-steel
to be used. If corrosion
mately
in the velocity
accounts
piping
is
for approxi-
transportation
of VR slurry
in the transportation
associated
of WDL slurry,
with pipewall
the costs
can be calculated.
The beneficial
effects of backfilling
in deep-
distances
and
parameters:
(6 m or less)
the distribution
so that slurry
(and therefore
system
velocities
so that full-flow
must be
are minimized
conditions
exist).
significantly
to
44
after exposure
FEBRUARY
1 994
to estimate
wear-associated
Figure 16-Surface
of an RCE specimen
showing very small pits
start failing.
and adversely
conditions
until
The costs
influenced
if
slurry,
Unpublished work,
Mintek, Randburg (South
Africa).
11.
HIGGINSON,
A. The effect of
physical and chemical
factors on the corrosivity
of a synthetic mine water.
MintekRepoTtno.
M140.
Randburg (South Africa),
1984.
12.
13.
CARTER,A.M.F. Erosion,
corrosion and the
abrasion of material
handling systems in the
mining industry. IS. Aft.
Inst. Mill. Metall.,
vo\. 86, no. 7. Ju\. 1986.
14.
DE JONGH,CL, and
MORRIS,A.N. Guidelines
for consideration in the
design and operation of
backfill systems for
narrow tabular ore bodies,
(part 1). Back Filling
~mposium.
Johannesburg (South Africa),
Association of Mine
Managers of South Africa,
1986.
Conclusions
The research has shown that corrosion and,
more importantly, the corrosion-erosion
interaction contribute a significant portion of the
overall wear (loss in pipe mass) in backfill
pipelines (up to 80 per cent). This conclusion is
drawn for two typical backfill materials under
various flow conditions.
FEBRUARY 1994
45
...