Topic 6.

2 The Blood System

Essential Idea: The blood system continuously transports substances to cells and
simultaneously collects waste products.
What substances are transported around the body in the blood?
What muscle is involved?
What vessels carry the blood?
Describe the 4 components of blood:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Blood Vessels Structure and Function
Understandings: Arteries convey blood at high pressure from the ventricles to the
tissues of the body. AND Arteries have muscle cells and elastic fibers in their walls.
AND The muscle and elastic fibers assist in maintaining blood pressure between
pump cycles.
What is the function of arteries?
What is the structure of arteries? What is found in their walls?
What is the purpose of the structure in the walls?
Understanding: Blood flows through tissues in capillaries. Capillaries have
permeable walls that allow exchange of materials between cells in the tissue and
the blood in the capillary.
Describe the flow of blood through capillaries.
Why is this type of flow important?
What is the function of capillaries?
What can the walls and membrane of capillaries contain to further aid the
diffusion of substances?
Understanding: Veins collect blood at low pressure from the tissues of the body
and return it to the atria of the heart. AND Valves in veins and the heart ensure
circulation of blood by preventing backflow.
What is the function of veins?
What structure ensures blood flows in the correct direction?
What part of a vein is large compared to arteries? Why is this important?
What prevents back-flow?

Skill: Identification of blood vessels as arteries, capillaries or veins from the

structure of their walls.

Application: William Harveys discovery of the circulation of the blood with the
heart acting as the pump.
Review the links in the power point. Summarize Harveys experiment that
allowed him to completely describe systemic circulation.

Nature of Science: Theories are regarded as uncertain - William Harvey

overturned theories developed by the ancient Greek philosopher Galen on
movement of blood in the body.
What was Galens original theory?
How did Harvey overturn it?

Understanding: There is a separate circulation for the lungs.

Double Circulation:
Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via the___, then is pumped from the
___
Oxygenated blood enters the ____ and is pumped from the __
Skill: Recognition of the chambers and valves of the heart and the blood vessels
connected to it in dissected hearts or in diagrams of heart structure.
Label the diagram use red (oxygenated) and blue (deoxygenated) if you can.

Understandings: The heart beat is initiated by a group of specialized muscle cells

in the right atrium called the sinoatrial node. AND The sinoatrial node acts as a
pacemaker. AND The sinoatrial node sends out an electrical signal that stimulates
contraction as it is propagated through the walls of the atria and then the walls of
the ventricles.
What is myogenic muscle contraction?

What is the sinoatrial node?

Describe how the sinoatrial node acts as a pacemaker to maintain the
beating of the heart?

Understandings: The heart rate can be increased or decreased by impulses

brought to the heart through two nerves from the medulla of the brain. AND
Epinephrine increases the heart rate to prepare for vigorous physical activity.
What controls the speed of your heartbeat?
Why do we need to speed up our heartbeat (think CO 2)?
Why do we need to slow down our heartbeat?
What is another name for Epinephrine?
What was the evolutionary advantage of this hormone?

Application: Pressure changes in the left atrium, left ventricle and aorta during the
cardiac cycle.
What happens during Diastole?

What happens during Atrial Systole?

What happens during Ventricular systole?

The ventricular pressure increases just before the aortic pressure because __

The first increase (#) in atrial pressure is due to ___. The second increase in
due to the __

Ventricular volume
X- increases as
Y decreases as
z- increases as

Application: Causes and consequences of occlusion of the coronary arteries.

What is Atherosclerosis?

What is Coronary Heart Disease?

Explain the following risk factors:

Genes:
Age:
Sex:
Smoking:
Diet:
Exercise:
Obesity:
Stress:

Now answer the questions in the yellow box on Canvas in a text box