WATER

(Ocean)
This is the widest and largest body of water in the world.
(Sea) The sea is salty. A lot of aquatic resources live in the sea. Examples of
seas are the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea
(Lake) A lake is a body of water surrounded by land. There are many lakes in the
Philippines. Lake water is fresh, and some of the fish that you can find in Phi
lippine lakes are hito (catfish), dalag, tilapia, and ayungin.
(Channel)
A channel is a wide body of water found between islands. This has to b
e crossed into order to move from one island to another
(Waterfall) Waterfalls fall from a high place.
(Bay) - This serves as a harbor for sea-faring vessels in the Philippines. Passe
ngers ride here, and goods can be loaded for transport to different places. Mani
la Bay (Look ng Maynila) is known for its beautiful sunsets.
(Strait) This is a narrow body of water, which separates two large land forms.
(Gulf) This is part of the ocean, and can be found at the opening of the sea. Th
is can be used as a port for sea vessels. You can also fish here.
(River)
The river is a wide body of water that flows towards the sea. It has fre
sh water, so fresh-water fishes are harvested from rivers.
(Stream or Brook)
This is a small body of flowing water. The source is a spring
(bukal)
(Creek) This is shallow and smaller than a stream. The water is used by farmers
to irrigate their rice fields.
(dam) - a barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level, the result
ing reservoir being used in the generation of electricity or as a water supply.
(Spring) This is the smallest body of water. The water come from beneath the gro
und, and can be either hot or cold. Hot springs can be found in areas near volca
noes.
LANDFORMS
(Volcano) - A volcano is a mountain with a large hole at the top. There are acti
ve volcanoes and inactive volcanoes found in the Philippines. We have almost 200
volcanoes, but only 22 volcanoes are active.
(hill) - A hill is a high mass of land less than a mountain. It is still a part
of a mountain, but it is in the lower part. This land form is used by farmers to
graze their cows, goats, and carabaos because of its abundant grass and plants.
(mountain)-Philippines is rich in mountains. Mt. Apo is the highest mountain in
the Philippines, and it is located in Davao, Mindanao.
Cape-A cape is point of land running into the water. Some capes are used for doc
king sea vessels
Badlands- A dry terrain with steep slopes and little or no vegetation
Butte- An isolated hill that typically has a flat stop and steep sides
Canyon- A deep ravine between two cliffs or encasements, like the Grand Canyon
Cave- An underground space created by the weathering of rocks that is enclosed a
nd large enough to enter
Cliff- An area with a steep drop-off, usually formed by erosion and near rock ex
posures
Cuesta- A hill or a ridge with a gentle slope
Gulch- A deep valley that has generally been formed by land erosion
Gully- A ditch or valley created by erosion
Hogback- A narrow ridge of hills with steep slopes and a narrow crest. The slope
s are usually close to equal on both sides
Hoodoo- A tall thin rock formation protruding from the bottom of a badland
Lavaka- A hole in the side of a hill caused by erosion
Mesa- A tableland, or an elevated area with a flat top and steep cliff-like side
s
Mountain pass - A path through a mountain range over a low point in a ridge
Plain - A large area that is flat or gently rolling, usually low in elevation
Plateau - An area that is high in elevation and basically flat
Ravine - Formed by running water, a ravine is smaller than a canyon and is steep
and deep

Ridge - A chain of hills or mountains

Rock shelter - An cave-like opening at the base of a cliff
Scree - A collection of broken rocks at the base of a mountain
Strath - A wide shallow river valley
Summit - The highest point on a hill or mountain
Valley - A low area between hills or mountains
Caldera - A crater formed by the collapse of land after an eruption
Complex volcano - A volcano with more than one feature because of multiple vents
Crater lake - A lake that formed inside a caldera
Cryovolcano - Erupts water, methane or ammonia rather than lava
Geyser - A hole in the ground where water and steam shoots out
Guyot - A volcano under the water with a flat top
Lava dome - A mound that forms by lava that does not easily flow away
Lava flow - Lava that is moving
Lava plain - A large area of lava flows
Lava spine - A vertical formation formed by slow-moving lava
Maar - A shallow volcanic crater caused by an explosion of groundwater water con
tacting magma or lava
Malpais - An area of eroded volcanic rocks
Mid-ocean ridge - An underwater chain of mountains where upwelling magma forms n
ew crust
Mud volcano - A mound formed when gas comes through a vent and causes mud to boi
l
Oceanic trench - A very long steep depression in the ocean floor
Pit crater - Formed by a collapse of the surface rather than an eruption
Sand volcano - Made of ejected sand
Shield volcano - A large domed volcano with gently sloping sides
Stratovolcano - A conical volcano with steep sides
Subglacial mound - Formed by eruption under a glacier
Submarine volcano - An underwater vent where magma may erupt
Supervolcano - A volcano that may eject a volume of more than 240 cubic miles
Tuya - A volcano with steep sides and a flat top made by lava erupting through a
glacier
Vent - An opening through which lava, ash and gas can escape
Volcanic dam - A natural dam made of lava or other volcanic material and debris
Volcanic field - An area with a cluster of volcanoes
Volcanic island - A volcano under the ocean that grew until it broke the surface
of the water
Volcanic plateau - A flat surface formed by many volcanic eruptions
Volcanic plug - Forms when magma cools and hardens within a vent
Coastal and Oceanic Landforms
Abyssal fan - An underwater deposit of sediment formed by water currents
Abyssal plain - A flat, smooth underwater surface that covers over 50% of the Ea
rth's surface. It forms the bottom of the continental rise and the top of the oc
eanic trench
Archipelago - A group of islands
Atoll - A ring-shaped coral reef
Arch - A rock formation with an opening
Ayre - A narrow beach across the ends of a shallow bay
Barrier bar and barrier island - A flat formation of sand that is parallel to th
e coast
Bay and gulf - A body of water connected to an ocean but surrounded on most side
s by land
Beach and raised beach - The land along the edge of a body of water, consisting
of loose rocks or sand.
Beach cusps - Sediment in an arc shape on the shore, caused by the wave action
Beach ridge - A ridge running parallel to the water's edge, caused by wave actio
n
Bight - A recessed area in a coastline

Blowhole - A hole in the end of a sea cave

Channel - A narrow body of water
Cape - A portion of land that extends into the sea or ocean
Calanque - A steep cove
Cliff - A vertical wall of rock
Coast - Where the water meets the land
Continental shelf - The extended edge of each continent which is underwater
Coral reef - Underwater formations of calcium carbonate
Cove - A small bay
Cuspate foreland - An accumulation of sand and gravel forming a land body that e
xtends like a "finger" into the body of water
Dune system - Groups of sand dunes
Estuary - A semi-enclosed body of water with a connection to the sea and with at
least one inbound source of water
Firth - A large bay
Fjard - A short, shallow and broad fjord
Fjord - a long narrow inlet with steep cliffs
Headland - A point of land that extends into a body of water and has a steep dro
p
Inlet - A connection between a bay and the ocean
Island, islet - A portion of land that is surrounded on all sides by water
Islet - A rock that is surrounded on all sides by water
Isthmus - A narrow strip of land with water on each side
Lagoon - A shallow body of water
Machair - The grassy fields that are inland from a dune ridge
Marine terrace - A flat, often slightly inclined, surface with a slight slope on
the water side and a steeper slope on the land side
Mid-ocean ridge - An underwater mountain system
Ocean - A body of salt water
Oceanic basin - A basin that is below sea level
Oceanic plateau - A flat rock formation that is above the continental slope
Oceanic trench - A long, narrow opening on the ocean floor
Peninsula - A piece of land that has water on three sides
Ria - A river valley that is open to the sea
River delta - A deposit of sediment at the mouth of a river where it flows into
a larger body of water
Salt marsh - An area between the saltwater sea and a piece of land that is flood
ed by salt water
Sea - The salty water that covers 70% of the Earth
Sea cave - A cave at the edge of the sea that is formed by wave action
Seamount - An underwater mountain
Shoal - A sandbar
Shore - Where the water meets the land
Sound - A large ocean channel between two bodies of land
Spit - A piece of land that extends into water
Strait - A narrow waterway that connects two larger bodies of water
Strandflat - The low land on the actic and antarctic coasts
Submarine canyon - A steep valley in the sea floor
Surge channel - A very narrow opening in the rocks of the shoreline
Volcanic arc - A chain of volcanoes positioned in a slightly curved layout
Wave cut platform - The flat area at the base of a cliff created by the waves