Tribology

Tribology is the science and technique that studies the interaction between solid surfaces
moving and the problems associated with them: wear, friction, adhesion and lubrication.
In the interaction between two surfaces various phenomena whose knowledge is vital
appear. These three fundamental phenomena
they appear are:
The friction is defined as the resistance to movement during sliding or rolling undergoing a
solid to move tangentially other with which this contact body. We can say, therefore, that
friction is not a feature of the materials, but the behavior of the system where those
materials are located
Wear is surface damage and / or removal of material from one or both solid surfaces in
relative motion, either by sliding, rolling or impact. Examples include: abrasive wear.
adhesive wear. corrosion fatigue
.
Accession: Ability to generate normal forces between two surfaces after they have been
held together. That is, the ability to maintain two bodies joined by the previous generation
of binding forces between
Lubrication is interposing and / or applying a layer of a substance to reduce the coefficient
of friction between two friction surfaces
tribology objective will achieve greatly prolonging the life of equipment and mechanical
components, through the control and reduction of wear thereof. To do this, we must study
and analyze the different components by analyzing wear tribological techniques.
The aim of tribology is not only minimize the disadvantages.
Depending on the situation the objective to be achieved may be different.
Minimum wear and minimum friction bearings, gears, cams ... thanks to lubrication and
coating layers.
Minimum wear and maximum friction: brakes, clutches, tires ... with wear-resistant
materials.
Maximum wear and minimum friction: pencils.
High friction and maximum wear: drafts.
To give us an idea of how important solutions to
tribological problems. For example, in automobiles, in which there are more
2000 tribological contacts, the tribological improvements can mean savings
estimated energy of 18.6%.
In the energy field, it is estimated that in
USA 11% of the total energy consumed in four major sectors:
transport, turbo machines, power generators and industrial processes,
They can be saved by introducing tribological advances. From the point of view
economic to a report in Germany revealed that losses due to friction and wear, equivalent
to an energy waste
annual of the order of 3 billion pesetas.

Tribology applications
Many mechanical parts of the industry where it has direct application or indirectly
Tribology, but the most common are:
Bearings, bearings, bushings, transmissions, axles, camshafts, connecting rods and
elements of machines and vehicles clutches heat engines, brakes, etc.
Rolling resistance tread slip faction is called on a gear tooth flank
Within the tribological system gear theory is based on the following
Sliding speed changes during the gear
It reaches its maximum speed in both the foot and the head of the tooth
The pitch diameter arrives with a zero speed
The higher the percentage slip shear stress on the lubricant film and tooth wear increases

What is TPM?
It can be considered as medical science of machines. Total Productive Maintenance (TPM)
is a maintenance program, which means a new concept defined for the maintenance of
plant and equipment. The goal of the TPM program is to markedly increase production
while at the same time, increase employee morale and job satisfaction.
TPM brings maintenance approach as a necessary and vital part of the company. It is no
longer considered a non-profit activity. Downtime for maintenance is provided as part of
the manufacturing day and, in some cases, as an integral part of the manufacturing
process. The aim is to carry out emergency and unscheduled maintenance to a minimum.

The TPM program was introduced to achieve the following objectives. The most important
are:

 Avoid waste.
Production of goods without reducing product quality.
Reduce the cost.
Produce a low batch quantity as soon as possible.
Products that are sent to customers must not be defective.

TPM program objectives:

1. Get at least 90% OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness)
2. Run the machines even during lunch. (Lunch is for operators and not by machines!)
3. It acts in a way, so that there will be customer complaints.
4. Reduce the manufacturing cost by 30%.
5. Achieve 100% success in delivering the goods as required by the customer.
6. Maintain an environment free of accidents.
7. Increase the suggestions of workers / employees 3 times. Develop skilled workers.
Stages in implementing TPM:
Step A - PREPARATION:
STEP 1 - Announce by the Administration everyone about the introduction of TPM in the
organization:
Proper understanding, commitment and active participation of senior management
required for this step. Top management should have awareness programs, after which the
announcement was made. The decision to implement TPM is published through bulletin
boards and in a letter informing, it is sent to suppliers and customers.
STEP 2 - Initial education and propaganda for TPM:
Training should be done on the base. Some need intensive training and only need some
knowledge training, knowledge-based employees in maintenance.
STEP 3 - Setting up TPM and departmental committees:
TPM includes improvement, autonomous maintenance, quality maintenance, etc., as part
of it. When committees are set should take care of all those needs.
STEP 4 - Definition of TPM system and the goal of work:
Each station / work area taken as reference and the target is set for this achievement.
STEP 5 - A master plan for institutionalization:
The next step is implementation leading to institutionalizing wherein TPM becomes an
organizational culture. Achieving PM award is the proof of reaching a satisfactory level.
Stage B Stage Introduction.
A small meeting, including the participation of suppliers and customer, is carried out. The
suppliers should know that we supply quality. People of related companies and associated
companies can be our customers. They are also invited. Some can learn from us and
some can help us and customers will get the message from us that we care about quality
production, cost and maintenance of the delivery.
Stage C EXECUTION
At this stage eight activities are performed, as will name the eight pillars in the
development of TPM activity. Of these four activities are to establish the system of

production efficiency; one for initial control system of new products and equipment, one for
improving the efficiency of management and control are safety, sanitation as working
environment.
STEP D - Step institutionalization.
For now the TPM implementation activities have reached the stage of maturity. Now is the
time to apply for PM award.