99 Safety Performance of The Global E&P Industry

Safety performance of the
global E&P industry

1999
Report No. 6.86/305

May 2000
ublications
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Safety performance of the global

E&P industry - 1999 data
Report No: 6.86/305
May 2000
The safety statistics for 1999 were derived from data provided by the following companies:
Amerada Hess
Anadarko
Arco
BG
BHP
BP Amoco
Chevron
Conoco
Denerco
DNO Heather
Dansk Olie & Naturgas
Ecopetrol *
Elf
ENI
Exxon
Greater Nile Petroleum
Hocol
Kuwait Oil Company
Lasmo
Maersk Oil & Gas
Marathon
Mobil Corporation
Occidental
PDVSA
Petro-Canada
Petronas Carigali
Phillips
Premier
PTT EP
QGPC
RasGas
Repsol
Saudi Aramco
Shell
Statoil
Texaco
Triton
TotalFina
Veba
Wintershall*
* non-member
Safety performance of the global E&P industry 1999
Table of contents
Preface
ii
Summary
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Fatalities ....................................................................................................................................................... 1
Lost time injuries.......................................................................................................................................... 2
Total recordable incidents............................................................................................................................. 2
Database....................................................................................................................................................... 2
Overall results
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
Fatalities ....................................................................................................................................................... 3
Fatal accident rate......................................................................................................................................... 4
Fatal incident rate ......................................................................................................................................... 5
Fatality causes .............................................................................................................................................. 6
Fatality demography ..................................................................................................................................... 7
Lost time injury frequency............................................................................................................................ 8
Severity of lost workday cases ....................................................................................................................... 9
Total recordable incident rate ..................................................................................................................... 10
Incident ratios............................................................................................................................................. 11
Results by region
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
Fatalities ..................................................................................................................................................... 12
Lost time injury frequency.......................................................................................................................... 13
FAR and LTIF 5-year rolling averages ........................................................................................................ 14
Severity of lost workday cases ..................................................................................................................... 16
Individual country performance ................................................................................................................. 18
Results by function
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
Fatalities ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
Lost time injury frequency.......................................................................................................................... 21
Severity of lost workday cases ..................................................................................................................... 22
Exploration performance ............................................................................................................................ 24
Drilling performance.................................................................................................................................. 26
Production performance ............................................................................................................................. 28
Other performance ..................................................................................................................................... 30
Results by company
12
20
32
5.1 Overall company results ............................................................................................................................. 33

5.2 Company results by function...................................................................................................................... 38
Significant incidents
40
Conclusions
41
Appendices
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
Appendix G
Appendix H
Database dimensions .................................................................................................................. 42

Data tables.................................................................................................................................. 46
Fatal incident reports by region .................................................................................................. 59
Significant incident reports by region......................................................................................... 66
Restricted workday analysis ........................................................................................................ 72
Glossary of terms ........................................................................................................................ 80
Contributing companies ............................................................................................................ 83
Countries represented ................................................................................................................ 84
2000 OGP
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
Preface
The principal purposes of this report are to record the
safety performance of the E & P industry in 1999 and
relative to previous years, and to enable OGP members
and others to benchmark their performance against that
of the global industry.
The key indicators for analysis of safety performance
are fatalities, lost time injuries and the totals of recordable incidents. The report presents global results for these
indicators, which are then analysed by region, function
and company. A code is used for the company results
to preserve anonymity. The performance of both companies and contractors is reported.
Except as used in the expression significant incident,

the word significant in this report has a statistical
meaning. A result that is significantly different from
another result is one that is statistically different with
a level of confidence of 95%. The term significant
therefore implies real difference. Two results may be
rather different, but if the databases of hours on which
they are based are both small or widely disparate, the
difference may not be significant. On the other hand,
small differences in results may be significant if the
databases for the two results are both large.
Wherever practicable, results are presented graphically.

The data underlying the charts are tabulated in Appendix B. The tables are organised according to the section
in the report where the chart appears.
ii
2000 OGP
Summary
1.1 Fatalities
Fatal accident rate
per 100 million hours worked
There were 84 company and contractor fatalities

reported in 1999, 61 fewer than in 1998. In addition,
18 third party fatalities were reported. Together,
these amount on average to two deaths per week.
The worst incident was a helicopter crash in the
Middle East in which 12 personnel lost their lives,
of whom 9 were E&P personnel. Eight other incidents led to more than one fatality.
The fatal accident rate for companies was 4.8 fatalities per 100 million hours worked, inflated by the
helicopter crash by about 50% relative to the level
prevailing in 1996 and 1997.
20
Contractor
Company
15
11.4
The most common types of incident leading to

fatalities were persons being struck by moving or
falling objects, falls and vehicle incidents.
The largest number of lives were lost in air crashes
and explosions/burns followed by falls.
10.9
9.9
10
8.2
8.1
4.7
The contractor fatal accident rate was 8.1 fatalities

per 100 million hours, the lowest level in the past 5
years.
The fatal incident rate, which measures the frequency of incidents that result in one or more fatalities, fell to 5.9 incidents per 100 million hours
worked, equalling the lowest on record.
16.6
Impact of air crash
3.1
1995
1996
4.8
3.3
1997
1998
1999
Fatality causes
number of deaths
Other
5
Vehicle incidents
9
Air transport
16
Struck by
10
Caught
between
4
Drowning
8
Falls
14
Electrocution
2
Explosion/burns
16
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1.2 Lost time injuries

Lost time injury frequency
per million hours worked
4.0
3.9
Contractor
Company
3.5
3.1
The average time lost per injury was 28.5 days.

Over 70,000 days (190 man-years) are estimated to
have been lost in total.
3.0
3.0
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
1.9
1.6
1.5
The frequency of lost time injuries reduced to a

new record low of 1.94 injuries per million hours
worked, a reduction of 20% on the 1998 frequency.
Most of the improvement owed to contractor performance, which was 23% better than in 1998.
Encouragingly, both contractors and companies,
and both onshore and offshore sectors, all turned in
record low levels of lost time injury frequency.
1.0
0.5
0.0
There were 2239 injuries resulting in at least one

day off work. This equates to an average of 43 such
injuries every week of the year.
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Performance in the exploration part of the industry was 0.88 lost time injuries per million hours
worked, the first time that any business sector has
beaten the 1.0 hurdle.
On the basis of 5-year rolling averages, all regions
recorded their lowest ever lost time injury frequencies. The best region in 1999 was Asia/Australasia
with an LTIF of 0.85, and the worst South America
at 3.1.
1.3 Total recordable incidents

The rate for all recordable incidents (fatalities, lost
workday cases, restricted workday cases and medical treatment cases) was 5.98 incidents per million
hours worked, essentially the same as in 1998.
1.4 Database
The database covers 1197 million hours worked, a
6% increase on 1998 and the highest in the history of safety data reporting in the global oil & gas
industry.
40 companies contributed data. All but five reported
statistics for their contractors.
Operations in 66 countries are covered by the database.
2000 OGP
Overall results
There were 84 company and contractor fatalities in 1999. The worst incident was a helicopter crash in which 9 company and 3 third party lives were lost.
The fatal accident rate for 1999 was substantially lower than in 1998. However, the 1998
results were skewed by the major air crash that claimed 65 company and contractor lives.
Without the effect of the air crash, the fatal accident rate was marginally worse in 1999
than 1998.
The types of incidents most commonly resulting in company and contractor fatalities are
falls, persons being struck by moving objects, and vehicle incidents.
Over the past ten years, the contractor FAR has shown a sustained reduction.
The lost time injury frequency improved substantially in 1999. This result extends the
consistent trend of improvement seen over the past 10 years, particularly among contractors and in the offshore environment. For contractors, the LTIF now stands at one third
of its level at the beginning of the decade.
2.1 Fatalities
Company fatalities
19
Contractor fatalities
65
Third party fatalities
18
Worst incident: air crash with 12 fatalities
There were 84 reported fatalities in 1999. In 1998

there were 145 fatalities, 65 of which occurred in a
single air crash.
which resulted in 9 company lives lost as well as 3

third party deaths. Another helicopter crash in Asia
caused 4 deaths of contractor employees.
Three companies between them reported 18 third

party fatalities. In reality, there were probably many
more. Of those reported, 10 resulted from vehicle
accidents, three involving very young children.
Explosions in South America and Africa led to 6

and 5 deaths respectively among contractor personnel. Collapse of a drilling platform in South America caused 4 contractor deaths.
The 84 fatalities - 19 company and 65 contractor

personnel - occurred in 58 separate incidents, 13
fewer than in 1998. Third party fatalities were
incurred in a further 13 fatal incidents.
Africa and the South America accounted for two

thirds of the fatal incidents. 37 fatal incidents happened in onshore operations and 21 offshore.
A listing of all fatal incidents appears in Appendix C.
Nine incidents resulted in multiple fatalities. The

worst was a helicopter crash in the Middle East,
2000 OGP
2.2 Fatal accident rates (FAR)

Overall
7.01
(44% better)*
Company
Contractor
4.81
8.10
(3% worse)
(51% better)
Onshore
Offshore
6.21
9.45
(57% better)
(44% worse)
*The per cent. in parentheses relate to the 1998 results

Fatal accident rate - company & contractors
The significant improvement in fatal accident rate

relative to the previous year owes entirely to the
avoidance of an air disaster on the scale of the
onshore crash in 1998 which claimed 65 company
and contractor lives. If this single accident had not
occurred, the FAR in 1998 would have been 6.81
fatalities per 100 million hours worked, better than
for 1999.
20
Overall
Contractor
Company
15
The same comment applies to the significant

improvement in contractor FAR. The result of 8.10
in 1999 would compare to 8.71 in 1998 had it not
been for the major air crash in that year.
10
The fatal accident rate onshore also shows a similar significant improvement, mainly due to the
absence of an air disaster with a death toll as high
as occurred in 1998. However, in this instance the
result would still have been 10% better than in
1998 even if that major disaster had not happened.
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
The offshore FAR deteriorated from 6.58 in 1998

to 9.45 in 1999. Although the deterioration is not
significant at the 95% confidence level, it is nevertheless a matter of concern.
Fatal accident rate - onshore & offshore

20
Overall
Offshore
Onshore
The major air crash in 1998 distorts the 10-year FAR

trends except for offshore. If that crash is discounted,
the overall fatal accident rate shows an underlying trend
of improvement, though the fatality rate remains stubbornly worse than might be the aspiration.
15
Over the last 10 years, there is also a more noticeably

improving trend in contractor performance, except for
the 1998 peak owing to the air crash. Although company performance on the FAR yardstick has been consistently better than that of contractors, there is no
underlying trend of improvement for companies.
10
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
A trend of improvement can also be seen onshore, but

there is no discernible pattern in FAR performance offshore other than major swings up and down. Neither
sector is consistently better than the other.
The broken lines in the charts above show the FAR excluding the air crash in 1998.
Throughout this report, significant difference is calculated at the 95% confidence level
4
2000 OGP
2.3 Fatal incident rate (FIR)

Overall
5.93
(20% better)*
Company
Contractor
2.53
5.98
(11% better)
(23% better)
Onshore
Offshore
5.55
7.09
(29% better)
(14% worse)
For the second year, incidents resulting in a fatal injury

to a third party are included. There were 13 such incidents in 1999 that happened during the course of work
operations. In addition two company/contractor incidents
involved third party fatalities as well as company/contractor
deaths.
Without third party incidents

Overall
4.84
Onshore
4.11
(21% better)
(32% better)
*Relative to 1998
Fatal incident rate - company & contractors

10
Only 3 companies reported third party fatalities.

Inclusion of third party fatal incidents affects the overall
and onshore results. There were no third party results
recorded in 1997 and earlier years.
The overall fatal incident rate (including third parties) fell to 5.93 incidents per 100 million hours
worked in 1999, an encouraging improvement.
Without third parties, the FIR also fell, reaching
the lowest level for the past 10 years.
There were improvements in FIR performance
for both companies and contractors. The FIR for
onshore operations also improved, but offshore
there was a deterioration, though not significant.
The general trend of improvement over the last 10 years
in the overall FIR is adversely affected by the inclusion
of third party fatal incidents in 1998 and 1999. Without this new feature (broken lines in the figures opposite), the overall FIR in 1999 stood at 50% of the level
in 1990. Over the last few years, there has been a general trend of improvement in both company and contractor performances. There are no discernible trends in
onshore or offshore performances.
Overall
Contractor
Company
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Fatal incident rate - onshore & offshore

10
Overall
Offshore
Onshore
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
The broken lines in the charts above show the FIR excluding third party fatal incidents.
2000 OGP
2.4 Fatality causes

19% of reported company and contractor fatalities
in 1999 occurred in four separate helicopter air
crashes. The worst crash led to 9 company staff
deaths (and 3 third party deaths), and the others
resulted in 4, 2, and 1 deaths.
There were also multiple deaths in three explosion
incidents. Six contractor deaths occurred when
excavation of a buried gas pipeline was begun, 5
when a weld was being ground in a store room for
gas cylinders, and 2 when a diesel tanker caught
fire. In total there were 16 fatalities of this kind,
accounting also for 19% of company/contractor
fatalities.
Two incidents in the category of falls and one of a
drowning nature also led to more than one fatality.
Four lives were lost when a failed well foundation
caused a drilling platform to overturn, two when
scaffolding collapsed in high winds, and three (two
of whom were third party) in a collision between
boats.
Deaths in vehicle accidents (11%) were fewer
than over the past 5 years (24%). However, vehicle accidents remained the largest cause of third
party deaths. The incidence of death from falls
and explosions/burns was higher than in previous
years.
The number of incidents that led to one or more fatalities was:

Air transport
4
Caught between
4
Drowning
8
(9)
Electrocution
2
Explosions/burns
6
Falls
10
Struck by
10
(11)
Vehicle incidents
9
(19)
Other
5
(6)
Overall
58
(71)
The figures in parentheses are the numbers of fatal incidents inclusive of third party incidents.
The categories of falls, persons being struck by moving
objects, and vehicle accidents between them accounted
for 50% of all company and contractor fatal incidents.
These categories were the most common type of fatal
incident in 1998 too. The inclusion of third party incidents more than doubles the incidence of fatal vehicle
incidents.
Fatality causes
1999
1994 - 1998
Other
6.0%
Vehicle incidents
10.7%
Other
7.3%
Air transport
19.0%
Air transport
22%
Vehicle
incidents
23.9%
Caught
between
4.8%
Struck by
11.9%
Caught
between
5.8%
Drowning
9.5%
Falls
16.7%
Drowning
6%
Electrocution
2.4%
Explosion/burns
19.0%
Electrocution
2%
Struck by
15.1%
Falls
7.1%
6
2000 OGP
Explosion/burns
10.9%
2.5 Fatality demography

The age of victims was specified in 54 instances of
fatalities in 1999. The figure shows the age distribution of victims when the 1999 cases are added to the 54
instances in 1998. The distribution approaches a skewed
normal distribution, but it is not known whether this
pattern mirrors the age profile of the workforces.
Number of fatalities by age group for 1998-1999

25
24
20
18
17
17
16
15
10
5
3
51-55
>55
<21
21-25
26-30
31-35
36-40
age
41-45
46-50
2000 OGP
2.6 Lost time injury frequency (LTIF)
Overall
Company
Contractor
Onshore
Offshore
1.94
1.63
2.09
1.68
2.72
(20% better)*
(12% better)
(23% better)
(25% better)
(10% better)
*Relative to 1998
Lost time injury frequency - company & contractors
10
Overall
Contractor
Company
On the indicator of lost time injuries per million

hours worked (lost workday cases and fatalities),
the industry performance improved by a significant
20% relative to that of 1998, which was itself a substantive improvement on the previous year.
8
7
6.6
6.1
5.2
4.7
4.1
3.9
3.3
2.5
3.1
3.0
2.8
2.5
3.0
2.7
2.6
2.0
2.0
2.1
1.9
1.6
1
0 1990
1991
1992
There were 2239 injuries resulting in at least one

day off work. 72% were among contractor employees (who accounted for 67% of worked hours). 65%
occurred in onshore operations (75% of the worked
hours).
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Not only was the overall industry performance

markedly better, but so also were the separate results
for companies, contractors, onshore and offshore,
which were each significantly better at the 95%
confidence level.
The onshore result was significantly better than offshore, and the company result significantly better
than that for contractors.
Lost time injury frequency - onshore & offshore

These excellent results continue the trends of improvement seen over the past 10 years. Overall, the LTIF in
1999 was just 41% of its level 10 years ago. For contractors, the equivalent figure is an even better 32%, whilst
in the offshore sector too the figure is as low as 33% of
the level at the beginning of the decade.
10
Overall
Offshore
Onshore
9
8.2
8
7.3
Contractor performance has continued to close on that

of companies. Offshore performance, despite the dramatic improvements over the past decade, is still a long
way short of that onshore, being some 60% worse.
6.2
6
5.2
5
4.5
4.0
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.6
3.3
3.8
3.0
3.1
2.7
2.3
2.2
2.2
1.7
1
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
8
2000 OGP
2.7 Severity of lost workday cases
Overall
Company
Contractor
Onshore
Offshore
28.5 days
27.5 days
28.9 days
26.4 days
32.9 days
(40% more)*
(55% more)
(35% more)
(32% more)
(58% more)
* Relative to 1998
Severity - company & contractors
average days lost per LWDC
Severity is defined as the average number of days lost

(where reported) for each lost workday case.
The upstream industry lost 42,200 days through
injuries. This equates to about 115 man-years.
In reality, the time lost is understated, since only
66% of the LWDCs reported have associated lost
days stated. If lost days had been reported for all
LWDCs, by extrapolation the time lost would be
over 70,000 days, equivalent to about 190 manyears.
30
Overall
Contractor
Company
25
20
15
10
The average time lost per injury was 28.5 days

The severity of injuries increased substantially in
1999 relative to previous years, both for companies and contractors and for onshore and offshore.
There is no obvious reason.
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Severity - onshore & offshore

The 5-year trends show that contractor injuries are consistently more severe than those of company personnel
and, apart from one year, offshore injuries worse than
those onshore. Possible explanations might be that contractor personnel tend to be exposed to greater hazards
than their company counterparts and that return to
work offshore is less easy than onshore because of transport constraints.
30
25
20
15
10
Overall
Offshore
Onshore
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000 OGP
2.8 Total recordable incident rate (TRIR)

Overall
5.98
(no change)*
Company
Contractor
3.51
7.18
(no change)
(no change)
Onshore
Offshore
5.08
8.66
(4% worse)
(12% better)
*Relative to 1998
Total recordable incident rate - company & contractors
15
Overall
Contractor
Company
Total recordable incidents include fatalities, lost workday

cases, restricted workday cases and medical treatment cases.
TRIR calculations are only made on returns that include
information on medical treatment cases as well as other
data, i.e. on 90% of the total database in 1999.
12
There was no change in the total recordable incident rate per million hours worked for either companies or contractors.
The TRIR offshore was significantly better than in

1998, though remaining significantly worse than
that onshore.
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Total recordable incident rate - onshore & offshore

15
The contractor TRIR was more than twice as high

as company TRIR, a much higher differential than
that pertaining for the LTIF criterion. This finding suggests that, in the case of an occupational
injury, contractor staff are less likely to be granted
time off work, the injury thereby being classed as a
medical treatment case, decreasing the LTI statistic
and relatively increasing the TRIR rating.
The 5-year trends indicate underlying improvements
except for the 1997 results. Company performance has
been significantly better than that of contractors over
the period, and onshore performance has been significantly better than offshore.
Overall
Offshore
Onshore
12
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
10
2000 OGP
2.9 Incident ratios

The relative numbers of types of occupational injury
are shown in the form of accident triangles. The ratios
have been corrected to account for the absence in some
returns of medical treatment cases.
Overall, the ratio of lost time injuries to fatalities is
28:1 and for total recordable incidents to lost time injuries about 3:1. The ratios for contractors are very simi-
lar. For companies, there are more lost time injuries for
each fatality, and the ratio of total recordable incidents
to lost time injuries is just over 2:1.
In comparison with previous years, there are somewhat
more medical treatment cases being reported relative to
the number of lost time injuries. This is an encouraging
trend and should be continued.
Overall
1
fatalities
28
lost time injuries
85
Companies
recordable incidents
Contractors
fatalities
34
lost time injuries
26
73
recordable incidents
89
2000 OGP
11
Results by region
Europe and North America have the lowest fatality rates for 1999.
The lost time injury frequency improved in all regions except the Middle East and North
America.
On a 5-year rolling average, the LTIF shows the best results ever achieved in all regions
in the five years to 1999 and a long term trend of improvement .
Asia/Australasia is the regional leader in safety performance on the LTIF criterion and
close to the best on the TRIR yardstick, but fares worse in terms of its fatality rate.
The best country LTIF performance that was significantly different from the world average was in Syria, with a remarkable LTIF of 0.14. The LTIF was worst in Congo.
Five countries delivered a significant improvement in performance from 1998, and 3
countries a significant deterioration.
A list of countries from which companies have reported information is provided in Appendix H,
which also shows the division of countries into regions. The term Australasia refers to Australia,
New Zealand and the islands in the SW Pacific.
3.1 Fatalities
The distributions of company and contractor fatal incidents and fatalities across the regions were:
Fatal
Fatalities
incidents
Africa
Asia/Australasia
22
7
27
10
Europe
FSU
2
1
2
1
Middle East
North America
4
6
12
7
South America
Overall
16
58
25
84
Over 60% of the fatal incidents and fatalities occurred in

Africa and South America, although these two regions
accounted for just 37% of the reported hours worked.
Clearly, greatest impact on the global fatality statistic
will be gained from concentrated efforts to reduce the
incidence of fatalities in these two regions.
The numbers of fatal injuries are a matter of concern
but are too small to allow meaningful statistical analysis of fatal accident rates by region, except on the basis
of 5-year rolling averages - see section 3.3.
12
2000 OGP

Overall
1.94
(20% better)*
1.48
0.85
2.99
1.05
1.26
2.20
3.10
(36% better)
(33% better)
(12% better)
(25% better)
(8% worse)
(5% worse)
(15% better)
Africa
Asia/Australasia
Europe
FSU
Middle East
North America
South America
*Relative to 1998
The lost time injury frequency was lowest in Asia/
Australasia (0.85 lost time injuries per million hours
worked), less than half the world average.
The worst performance was in South America,
where it was 3.10 and 60% higher than the world
average. This position repeats that of 1998, even
though there was a significant improvement on last
years result.
Africas LTIF performance was better than the
world average, in marked contrast to its record on
fatalities.
The results in all regions were significantly different from the average.
Four regions - Africa, Asia/Australasia, Europe, and
South America - turned in results that were significantly better than in 1998. No regions were significantly worse at the 95% confidence level.

4.0
1998
3.6
3.5
1999
3.4
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.1
2.2
2.3
1999 average 1.94
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2 1.3
1.1
1.0
0.8
0.5
0.0
South
America
Europe
North
America
Africa
Middle
East
FSU
Asia/
Australasia
2000 OGP
13
3.3 FAR and LTIF 5-year rolling averages
Africa FAR and LTIF 5-year rolling average

(FAR per 100 million hours worked, LTIF per million hours worked)
30
Africa FAR
Overall FAR
Africa LTIF
Overall LTIF
25
Five-year rolling averages smooth out spurious results

in individual years and provide a good indicator of
performance trends. In the charts in this section, the
Former Soviet Union is omitted because data were not
collected as a separate region in earlier years. FSU data
were incorporated in the reports for Europe until 1996;
since then the data for Europe refer to Europe alone.
20
10
The fatal accident rate is falling in Africa, Europe

and South America, though not always continuously. The upswing in South America in 1998 and
1999 reflects the impact of the major air crash in
1998.
The continuous rise in the FAR in Asia-Australasia

since 1994 is disturbing.
15
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Asia/Australasia FAR and LTIF 5-year rolling average

30
Asia/Australasia FAR
Overall FAR
Asia/Australasia LTIF
Overall LTIF
25
20
15
10
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
The upswings in FAR in the Middle East in the

earlier years and later in North America appear to
have been arrested in the last few years.
In the five years to 1999, the lowest fatality rate
was in Europe, less than half the average. In South
America it was the highest, almost double the average. This region, as well as Africa and the Middle
East, have a long way to go before they reach the
standard of the best.
The LTIFs in all regions in the five years to 1999 are
the lowest on record. This is an excellent result.
For both fatalities and lost time injury frequency, the
worst performance is in South America. Europes
lost time injury frequency is also worse than average, although on the FAR indicator Europe is the
leader. Africa and the Middle East, poor on the
FAR indicator, are better than average on the LTIF
indicator. These findings, which repeat findings in
previous years reports, are surprising and cannot be
readily explained, because the probability of a lost
workday case becoming a fatality must be the same
in all regions. Can it be that there is a much lower
tolerance to granting time off following injury in
Africa and the Middle East than elsewhere, and
a greater tolerance in Europe (and perhaps North
America)?
14
2000 OGP
Middle East FAR and LTIF 5-year rolling average

30
Middle East FAR

Overall FAR
Middle East LTIF
Overall LTIF
25
Europe FAR and LTIF 5-year rolling average

30
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
North America FAR and LTIF 5-year rolling average

30
North America FAR

Overall FAR
North America LTIF
Overall LTIF
25
10
10
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
South America FAR

Overall FAR
South America LTIF
Overall LTIF
25
15
1992
1992
30
15
1991
1991
(FAR per 100 million hours worked, LTIF per millieon hours worked)
20
1990
1990
South America FAR and LTIF 5-year rolling average
20
Europe FAR
Overall FAR
Europe LTIF
Overall LTIF
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000 OGP
15

Severity
50
1999
1995-1998 average
1997-1998 only
40
30
Severity of lost workday cases was very high in

Europe (47 days on average being lost for every lost
workday case), over 60% higher than the average
for the previous three years and than the world average for 1999. This large jump in severity is unexplained.
1999 average 28.5
20
The severity in South America jumped to an average of 36 days lost, double what it was in the previous three years. A similar level was recorded in the
Former Soviet Union.
10
The regional results in the chart on the left are shown

in the same order as regions ranked on the LTIF indicator. The region on the left of the chart (South America)
scored worst on LTIF, and that on the right (Asia/
Australasia) scored best.
South
America
Europe
North
America
Africa
Middle
East
FSU
Asia/
Australasia
In other regions there were smaller changes in severity, and in the Middle East it was lower.
16
2000 OGP

Overall
5.98
(12% better)
3.73
3.35
9.15
3.03
3.02
9.69
7.29
(21% worse)
(25% better)
(20% better)
(60% better)
(10% worse)
(9% better)
(1% better)
Africa
Asia/Australasia
Europe
FSU
Middle East
North America
South America
The figures in brackets show the change relative to the

average results for 1995-98 (1997-98 for FSU)
The total recordable incident rate is shown in the chart
in the same region order again as for LTIF.
The lower rates were in the FSU, Middle East,
Asia/Australasia and Africa, all significantly lower
than the world average.
The rates in Europe and the Americas were significantly higher than the average.
Relative to the results averaged over the previous
three years, Asia/Australasia, Europe, the FSU, and
North America produced TRIR results that were
significantly better in 1999. Africa delivered a significantly worse result.
In comparison with the performance of the regions on
the LTIF indicator, South America and Africa have
TRIRs somewhat lower than might be expected and
North America substantially higher.
This finding poses the question again whether medical
treatment cases are as rigorously reported in South
America and Africa as elsewhere.
Total recordable incident rate

12
1999
1995-1998 average
1997-1998 only
10
1999 average 6.0
South
America
Europe
North
America
Africa
Middle
East
FSU
Asia/
Australasia
2000 OGP
17
3.6 Individual country performance

For a second year, the safety performance in individual
countries is reported. The parameter selected is the lost
time injury frequency for companies jointly with contractors. To preserve anonymity of companies, performance is only published for those countries for which
at least two companies have reported statistics. The
second criterion is that countries with less than 50,000
reported hours worked are excluded; results for such
small populations of hours would be unrepresentative.
Of the 66 countries from which data have been reported,
16 are excluded by the first criterion and an additional
one by the second. One more country was excluded
since over 99.9% of the reported hours originated from

one company.
The chart of relative performance for the remaining
48 countries shows whether the 1999 performance was
better or worse than that in 1998. Text in bold face
indicates that the change from 1998 is significant at the
95% confidence level, and n/a signifies that comparison with 1998 is not applicable because the country did
not qualify for inclusion in the 1998 analysis. A bullet
point on the right of the country LTIF bar indicates
that one or more fatalities were suffered in 1999.
The remarks below refer only to those countries included in the listing.
Three countries - Brazil, Turkey and Vietnam recorded zero lost time injuries. However, none of
these results was significantly different from the
world average because the numbers of hours worked
in these countries were relatively small.
The best result that was significantly different from
the world average was in Syria, with an LTIF as low
as 0.14, which was also a significant improvement
on 1998. Second best was Oman with an LTIF of
0.39.
Five countries in Asia/Australasia in addition to
Vietnam returned LTIF results lower than 0.9
(Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Brunei and Australia in rank order). Sadly, Malaysia and Indonesia suffered fatalities. Kazakhstan, too, achieved a
result just under 0.9, but also incurred a fatality.
The poorest performer was Congo with an LTIF
over 4 times the global average. Other countries
with an LTIF worse than 5.0 were Libya and
France.
Excluding North America, where only 2 countries
qualified for inclusion, the spread of results was
greatest in Africa and least in Asia/Australasia.
5 countries performed significantly better than in
1998 (Australia, Italy, Peru, Syria and Trinidad &
Tobago) and 3 significantly worse (Brunei, Egypt
and Norway). However, only 14% of the hours in
Italys 1999 return were contractor hours compared
to 30% in 1998.
Africa, Libya, Algeria and Congo performed significantly worse than the global and regional averages.
Tunisia was significantly worse than the regional

average but not relative to the global average because
of the small number of hours worked. Nigerias
LTIF was 1.01, significantly better than both the
world and regional averages, which is perhaps surprising in view of the very high incidence of fatalities in this country.
Safety performance in the diverse region of Asia/
Australasia was uniformly very good. The worst
country, Bangladesh, performed better than the
world average and almost as well as the best performer in Europe.
In Europe, all but one country, Germany, had a
worse standard of performance than the global average. Five out of the 7 countries included were significantly worse.
In the Former Soviet Union, only performance in
Kazakhstan was significantly different from the
global average (better).
Syria, Oman, UAE and Kuwait in the Middle East
were all significantly better than the world average.
Iran was significantly worse.
Canada had a significantly worse result than the
world average and than the other country in the
region, USA.
No countries in South America performed significantly better than the global average. Peru, Venezuela, Colombia and Argentina all had results that
were significantly worse than the average across the
world.
18
2000 OGP
Lost time injury frequency - companies with contractors

Performance relative to 1998
One or more fatalities
Africa
Congo
Libya
Algeria
Tunisia
Cameroon
Dem Rep Congo
Egypt
Gabon
Africa average
Angola
Nigeria
worse
worse
better
better
better
n/a
worse
better
better
worse
Bangladesh n/a
Papua N G better
Myanmar n/a
China worse
Pakistan better
Australia better
Brunei worse
Asia/Australasia average
Indonesia better
Thailand better
Malaysia worse
Vietnam better
Europe
Global average 1.94
Asia/Australasia
France worse
Norway worse
Denmark better
Europe average
Netherlands better
Italy better
UK better
Germany better
FSU
Turkmenistan
Russia
FSU average
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
better
worse
n/a
better
Middle East
Iran
Qatar
Middle East average
Kuwait
UAE
Oman
Syria
Turkey
n/a
better
better
better
worse
better
n/a
North America
Canada
North America average
USA
worse
worse
South America
Peru better
Venezuela worse
South America average
Colombia better
Argentina better
Trinidad & Tobago better
Bolivia better
Brazil better
0
2000 OGP
19
Results by function
The exploration performance on both LTIF and TRIR counts is the best of all functions
and significantly improved on previous years. For the first time in the history of OGPs
record keeping, exploration beat the hurdle of an LTIF rate less than 1.0.
Drilling has the worst LTIF and TRIR. However, performance on the LTIF indicator is
improving rapidly, and in 1999 was at its lowest level in over 10 years.
Production performance improved marginally.
Other performance on the LTIF criterion worsened marginally and on the TRIR indicator worsened significantly.
Function reports are for exploration, drilling, production, and other, the last being the category
for activities other than in the first three, such as major construction or decomissioning. The overall
results quoted include data provided by contributing companies which were not allocated to a
particular function, i.e. the unspecified category.
4.1 Fatalities
The distributions of company and contractor fatal incidents and fatalities between the functions are:
Fatal
Fatalities
incidents
Exploration
Drilling
3
3
3
3
Production
Other
26
15
48
19
Unspecified
Overall
11
58
11
84
It is encouraging that the drilling function, which historically has been more accident prone than other parts
of the business, had a smaller proportion of fatal incidents relative to hours worked in 1999 than other
functions. Other and production had the highest proportions.
Fatality rates are not calculated; conclusions drawn
would be misleading in view of the small numbers
involved.
20
2000 OGP

Overall
1.94
(20% better)*
0.88
2.81
2.34
1.29
(62% better)
(36% better)
(4% better)
(10% worse)
Exploration
Drilling
Production
Other
* Relative to 1998
There was a dramatic improvement in the LTIF for
the exploration function, reaching an all-time low
of 0.88. This was the first time that any function
had beaten the 1.0 barrier for LTIF.
Drilling also achieved an all-time low and a significant improvement on 1998, though drilling still has
a performance on LTIF that is significantly worse
than in other functions.
The performances of production and other were
not significantly different from 1998. The small
deterioration in LTIF in other must be seen in the
context of a substantial improvement in 1998.
The 10-year trend shows a marked improvement in the
drilling LTIF, which is now converging on the performances of the other functions. There has been a commendably steady improvement in production, whilst
exploration has seen pronounced swings up and down
in performance.

Exploration
Drilling
Production
Other
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000 OGP
21

The function results are displayed in the order of their
ranked performance on the LTIF criterion, i.e. drilling
worst, exploration best.
Severity
average lost days per LWDC
40
1999
The severity of LWDCs is least in exploration and

greatest in drilling, implying that the nature of the
average injury in exploration is less severe than in
other activities and in drilling more severe.
The average numbers of days lost in drilling and production were half as high again as in 1995-98, and
very much higher than in exploration or other.
1995-1998 average
35
1997-1998 only
30
1999 average 28.5
25
20
15
10
5
0
Drilling
Production
22
2000 OGP
Other
Exploration

Overall
Exploration
Drilling
Production
Other
5.98
(12% better)
4.40
11.99
5.42
4.76
(38% better)
(24% worse)
(1% better)
(35% worse)
Relative to the average result for the period 1995-98

Results are plotted below in the same order as the rank
order on LTIF performance.
The rate in drilling is significantly higher than the
world average; in exploration and other functions
the rates are significantly lower. The relative positioning of the functions reflects the positions on
the LTIF criterion.
The rate in drilling is also significantly higher than
the average of the previous four years. So too is the
TRIR in other, but the rate in exploration is significantly lower.
Higher rates do not necessarily indicate an adverse
trend. It may well be that reporting of medical treatment cases is becoming more rigorous.

12
1999
1995-1998 average
10
1997-1998 only
1999 average 5.98
Drilling
Production
Other
Exploration
In the charts in the remainder of this chapter, it should be noted that:

LTIF charts are plotted in rank order of contractor performance (worst performer on left, best on right);
TRIR charts are plotted in the same order of regions as for the LTIF.
2000 OGP
23
4.5 Exploration performance

4.5.1
The average LTIF performance of exploration contractors at 1.14 was 56% improved on the 1997-98 average,
a commendable achievement. The greatest improvements were in South America (75%), Africa (67%) and
Europe (58%), all significant at the 95% confidence
level. None were significantly worse.
Exploration performance of contractors in the Americas
was significantly worse than the world average in 1999,
and in Africa significantly better.
Company exploration performance improved significantly in 1999, with an average of 0.39, relative to
1997-98. The improvement derived from significant
change for the better in Asia/Australasia, where there
were no LTIs, and particularly in Africa where the LTIF
reduced to 10% of its value in the previous two years.
Overall, company performance is much better than
contractors.
Lost time injury frequency - exploration

10
Company 1999
Contractor 1997-1998 average
Company 1997-1998 average
Contractor 1999 average 1.14
North
America
South
Asia/
America Australasia
Europe
Africa
Middle
East
FSU
2
Company 1999 average 0.39
North
America
South
Asia/
America Australasia
24
10
Contractor 1999
2000 OGP
Europe
Africa
Middle
East
FSU
4.5.2 Total recordable incident rate

On the contractor TRIR indicator, there was a wide
range in performance, from around the 2.0 level in
Asia/Australasia, Africa, FSU, and the Middle East to
almost 16.0 in the Americas, about eight times higher.
The overall contractor average TRIR for exploration
was 5.87. On the company side the range is much
smaller, the highest TRIR being 4.6 in North America. The rank order of performance between regions is
the same for TRIR as LTIF, except for Asia/Australasia
which has a worse position on LTIF than on TRIR.
Despite the high TRIR in North and South America,

the contractor overall TRIR in 1999 was significantly
lower than in 1997-98, thanks to significant improvements in Asia/Australasia and Europe. As regards
companies, significant improvements were achieved in
Africa, Asia/Australasia and South America, though the
overall improvement across all regions was not significant. Companies performed better than contractors in
all regions in 1999.
Total recordable incident rate - exploration

30
30
Contractor 1999
Company 1999
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
North
America
South
Asia/
America Australasia
Europe
Africa
Middle
East
FSU
North
America
South
Asia/
America Australasia
Europe
Africa
Middle
East
FSU
2000 OGP
25
4.6 Drilling performance

4.6.1 Lost time injury frequency
The average LTIF for drilling contractors was 2.93, a
significant improvement on the average LTIF of 4.22
in the previous 2 years. Similarly, the company drilling LTIF improved significantly to 1.92 from 2.36 in
1997-98.
Contractor drilling performance improved in all but one
region, and improved significantly in Europe and South
America. The best LTIF was in the Middle East and the
worst in Europe, but the range was much smaller than

in the previous two years.
The company results were better than those of contractors except in the Middle East and, most noticeably,
South America, where it was over four times the average
across all regions and over three times that of contractors.
Lost time injury frequency - drilling

10
10
Contractor 1999
Company 1999
4
Europe
FSU
Africa
South
America
North
Asia/
America Australasia
Middle
East
Europe
FSU
Africa
26
2000 OGP
South
America
North
Asia/
America Australasia
Middle
East

There were significant deteriorations in drilling contractor TRIR performance in the Middle East and North
and South America, which led to the higher TRIR of
13.24 in 1999 compared to 9.60 in 1997-98. In South
America the 1999 level was 50% higher than the world
average for drilling contractors and double that in the
region in 1997-98.
The company result in South America (10.17) was

also markedly higher than elsewhere, though only just
over half of its contractor counterpart, and significantly
worse than in 1997-98. The improvement overall in
company result is not statistically significant. All company results were better than contractors.
Total recordable incident rate - drilling

30
30
Contractor 1999
Company 1999
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
Europe
FSU
Africa
South
America
North
Asia/
America Australasia
Middle
East
Europe
FSU
Africa
South
America
North
Asia/
America Australasia
Middle
East
2000 OGP
27
4.7 Production performance

4.7.1
Lost time injury frequesncy
The average LTIF for contractors in production was

2.36, only a small change relative to 1997-98. Nevertheless, the improvement in Europe was significant, as
was the overall improvement (10%) across all regions.
Contractors outperformed companies in both the

Middle East and Europe, where the company LTIFs
were significantly worse than in 1997-98. South America company performance improved significantly. The
overall production average LTIF for companies was
2.32.
Lost time injury frequency - production

10
10
Contractor 1999
Company 1999
4
South
America
Europe
North
America
FSU
Africa
Middle
East
Asia/
Australasia
South
America
Europe
North
America
28
2000 OGP
FSU
Africa
Middle
East
Asia/
Australasia

There was a significant improvement in contractor
TRIR performance overall to 6.4, thanks to significant
improvements in Europe, the FSU, the Middle East and
North America. Africas performance was significantly
worse. Despite the progress made, contractor TRIR is
highest in Europe and North America.
Company TRIR is lower than for contractors in all

regions except the Middle East. There were significant
improvements in North and South America, offset
by significant deterioration in Africa, Europe and the
Middle East. The level in Europe is twice the average of
4.08.
Total recordable incident rate - production

30
30
Contractor 1999
Company 1999
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
South
America
Europe
North
America
FSU
Africa
Middle
East
Asia/
Australasia
South
America
Europe
North
America
FSU
Africa
Middle
East
Asia/
Australasia
2000 OGP
29
4.8 Other performance

4.8.1 Lost time injury frequency
The average performance of contractors working outside
the three main functions improved significantly from
1.84 in 1997-98 to 1.44 in 1999. This was achieved
mainly by significant improvements in Africa and Asia/
Australasia. The large increase in the FSU is not statistically significant.
There were no LTIs among company staff for other

activities in the FSU, though the result is not significant.
The improvement in North America and the deterioration in Africa were significant. In Africa, LTIF performance of company employees was worse than that of
their contractor colleagues.
Lost time injury frequency - other

10
10
Contractor 1999
Company 1999

2
2
FSU
Europe
North
America
Middle
East
South
America
Africa
Asia/
Australasia
FSU
Europe
North
America
30
2000 OGP
Middle
East
South
America
Africa
Asia/
Australasia

The contractor other TRIR average in 1999 across
the regions was 5.35, 33% higher than the average for
1997-98, despite the dramatic improvement in the FSU
(76%). Although the FSU change is significant in this
instance, the population of hours worked is small compared to other regions and has little impact on the overall result. Europe, the Middle East and South America
all suffered a significant fall-off in performance.
On a comparison of rank order of regional contractor
performance, it is apparent that the FSU and Middle
East score better on the TRIR indicator than on LTIF.

It would seem that fewer medical treatment cases are
reported in these regions than elsewhere.
On the company side, the FSU had zero TRIR compared to 4.18 in 1997-98, but here the change is not
statistically significant. The worst company TRIR rates
were in South America (over three times the level in
1997-98 and three times the company average across all
regions) and the Middle East (over twice the level in
1997-98).
Total recordable incident rate - other

30
30
Contractor 1999
Company 1999
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
FSU
Europe
North
America
Middle
East
South
America
Africa
Asia/
Australasia
FSU
Europe
North
America
Middle
East
South
America
Africa
Asia/
Australasia
2000 OGP
31
Results by company
The outstanding company is the company coded as HH. Not only was it the top company overall, but it was also best in three out of the four functional categories.
Company HH and its contractors achieved an LTIF of 0.43, about one fifth of the average for all companies and contractors. The worst company with its contractors had an
LTIF of 6.89, 355% of the average.
The range of company/contractor performance, although still large, was much smaller
than in previous years. The range for the performance of companies alone was also a
little reduced.
In several instances, contractors outperformed companies.
Four companies have achieved a performance improvement in every year for the past 5
years.
All the charts in this chapter are based on LTIF, the most representative indicator for intercompany benchmarking.
For those companies who have merged to form a new corporate entity, prior year results have been
calculated by aggregating the individual company results and computing weighted averages.
32
2000 OGP
5.1 Overall company results

Each of the 40 companies contributing to this report
has been allocated a unique code letter (A to NN) in
order to preserve anonymity. The first chart shows in
rank order the LTIF for companies together with their
contractors. In this instance, there were 35 companies
(A to II) that contributed contractor data, although not
always for every country in which operations were conducted. Two of these companies contributed contractor
data only (companies B and CC).
Sixteen companies with their contractors performed

better than the overall average (5 significantly
better) and 19 companies worse (8 significantly
worse). These results provide evidence that the
larger companies tend to produce better results than
the smaller companies.
Sixteen companies suffered one or more fatalities,
fewer than in 1998 (19 companies).
One company (II) had a company with contractor
LTIF of zero but, because of the relatively small
number of employees, this result was not statistically significant.
Alongside the LTIF performance for company and contractors jointly, the LTIF for the company alone is plotted. Where the company or its contractors suffered a
fatal incident, it is marked on the company with contractor result. Details of results are tabulated in Appendix B, together with information on whether individual
results are significantly different at the 95% confidence
level from the overall world result and from the result
in 1998.
The best result that was significantly different from

the average was by company HH, delivering a company with contractor LTIF of 0.43.
The worst company/contractor result was an LTIF
of 6.89, over 3 times the average.
In 6 companies, contractors outperformed company staff.
Nine companies turned in a significantly better performance in 1999 than in 1998. Only one company
performed significantly worse.
The spread of results is much reduced from previous years.
Performance ranking of companies jointly with contractors - lost time injury frequency
12
Company with contractors
Company only
10
Fatality in 1999 (either company

or contractor operations)
8
average companies with contractors 1.94
AA BB CC DD EE FF GG HH
II
2000 OGP
33
The chart below shows essentially the same data as

the previous chart, except that here the companies are
ranked according to LTIF performance for the company alone, that is without contractor input. Those
companies who only submitted safety data for company
activities (JJ to NN) are now included, but two companies (B and CC) who only submitted contractor results
are excluded.
Four companies (G, W, AA, and II) achieved an

LTIF of zero for company employees alone. Only
the performance of company AA was significantly
different from the average for all companies. The
other three companies had too small a number of
hours worked for the results to be significantly different.
The worst result was an LTIF of 10.4, over 6 times
the average, and even worse than the worst of the
company-with-contractor results.
21 companies delivered LTIF results better than the
average of all companies, 8 of which were significantly better, and 17 companies had worse results,
6 significantly worse.
The spread in LTIF was a little reduced compared
to 1998. Six companies posted significantly better
results than in 1998 (one having reduced its LTIF
to 7% of the 1998 level!), and three companies
recorded significantly worse results.
Performance ranking of companies alone - lost time injury frequency

12
Company only
10

8
average, companies only, 1.63
JJ
H KK LL BB O
I MM L
N NN V
T GG Z
34
2000 OGP
J DD Q FF HH EE G W AA II
In the chart below, only companies which, with their

contractors, reported more than 10 million hours worked
are included. There are 20 such companies. Like the
first in this suite of charts, companies are shown in rank
order of the company-with-contractor LTIF performance.
Nine companies with their contractors performed

better than the weighted average for all 35 companies, 4 significantly better, and 11 worse than the
average, 7 significantly so. The skewed distribution
suggests again that the larger companies are generally performing better than the smaller.
The best and worst companies are again HH and
A. The range, including contractors, is from 0.43 to
6.89 lost time injuries per million hours worked.
Fourteen of the 20 companies suffered one or more
fatalities.
Performance ranking of companies jointly with contractors, joint hours>10 million - lost time injury frequency
12
Company only
10

average companies with contractors 1.94
AA
DD
EE
HH
2000 OGP
35
The table below shows the trends of company with contractor LTIF performance over the past five years. The
35 companies reporting joint performance are listed
together with their LTIFs for 1999. For each company,
where data are available, the chart shows whether performance in the reference year had improved or worsened relative to the previous year.
Of the 35 companies reporting joint data in 1999,
31 reported joint data in 1998, 26 in 1997, 19 in
1996, and the same 19 in 1995.
A further company, E, achieved year by year

improvements over the past 4 years, and another
six companies achieved year by year improvements
over the past 3 years. 23 of the 31 companies reporting in both 1999 and 1998 turned in an improved
performance in 1999.
No companys performance deteriorated year by
year over the 5-year period. However, one company
got consistently worse over the last 4 years and two
more over the last 3 years.
Four companies - K, M, X, and AA - achieved

improvements year by year over the 5-year period.
They deserve congratulations!
Company
code
Company &
contractor
LTIF 1999
1999
LTIF performance relative

to previous year
1998
1997
6.89
6.17
better
better
better
worse
C
D
5.88
4.94
worse
worse
better
better
worse
E
F
4.29
4.09
better
worse
better
better
better
better
worse
worse
G
H
3.50
3.20
worse
better
worse
I
J
3.12
3.11
worse
better
worse
worse
worse
better
better
worse
K
L
3.08
2.89
better
better
better
better
better
worse
better
better
M
N
2.44
2.33
better
better
better
worse
better
worse
better
better
O
P
2.24
2.23
better
better
Q
R
2.05
1.96
better
better
worse
worse
better
worse
S
T
1.96
1.85
better
better
better
better
worse
better
U
V
1.75
1.68
better
worse
better
better
worse
worse
better
worse
W
X
1.58
1.57
worse
better
worse
better
better
better
Y
Z
1.50
1.43
better
AA
BB
1.40
1.05
better
better
better
better
better
better
CC
DD
1.00
0.76
better
better
worse
better
EE
FF
0.75
0.48
better
worse
worse
better
better
worse
worse
better
GG
HH
0.45
0.43
better
worse
better
worse
II
0.00
36
1996
A
B
2000 OGP
The final chart shows the achievements of the two

companies with the greatest year-by year improvements
from 1995 to 1999 (companies X and M). Also shown
are the average performances of all companies.
Exemplary improvements in LTIF

per million hours worked by companies with contractors
Company with best 1995

improvement record since 1995 1996
Company X
1997
1998
1999
Company with second best 1995

improvement record since 1995 1996
1997
Company M 1998
1999
Average for all companies 1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
0
10
Company X with its contractors achieved an 83%

reduction in LTIF since 1995. From having an
LTIF 170% above the average in 1995, it performed
in 1999 at 80% of the overall average.
Company M has also achieved excellent year-onyear improvements, from being 130% above the
average in 1995 to being only 26% above average
in 1999.
2000 OGP
37
5.2 Company results by function

Results of companies together with their contractors
were analysed by function to allow more in-depth
benchmarking between companies. Once again the
LTIF indicator was selected, and the ranked results are
shown in the following charts. Only companies who
provided data by function are included, and then only

those companies who had more than 100,000 hours
worked. Results against smaller numbers of hours would
not have any statistical significance. The company code
letters are the same as used elsewhere in this chapter.
Lost time injury frequency - Exploration

per million hours worked by company with contractors
Four of the 15 companies that qualified for inclusion in exploration performance had a company
with contractor LTIF of zero. However, only one
(HH) was statistically significantly better than the
average for exploration of 0.88.
16
12
The worst performance was an LTIF of 4.13,

approaching 5 times the average of all companies.
Two companies were significantly better than average, and 4 companies significantly worse.
Overall 0.88
CC
DD
FF
HH
From a comparison with company/contractor performance across all functions (see section 5.1), it
may be seen that companies Z and T performed relatively worse in exploration activities than in other
functional activities, and companies E, P and M
better.
Lost time injury frequency - Drilling

The best performance in drilling was by company

HH with an LTIF of 0.34, significantly better than
the average for all companies of 2.81.
16
Eight other companies performed better than average, although only one significantly better.
12
13 of the 22 companies that qualified for inclusion

performed worse than average. Five companies were
significantly worse than average, the worst having
an LTIF of almost 5 times the average.
4
Overall 2.81
N A P
Z BB Q W F
O E
Companies D and M had ranked positions markedly better than they achieved overall across all
functions, and companies N, P and T had ranked
positions much worse.
U M D DD FF EE HH
38
2000 OGP
Lost time injury frequency - Production

Of the 24 companies that qualified for inclusion,

12 had a production performance better than the
average for production (5 significantly better) and
12 a worse performance (5 significantly worse).
The best significantly different result was for company HH with an LTIF of 0.48, one fifth of the
average level.
The worst result was over 6 times the average LTIF
and well over 30 times the best.
16
12
4
Overall 2.34
A D E L F Q I O K M P U J Y W X T Z DD EE FF N HHGG
Lost time injury frequency - Other

In the other category, 4 companies had an LTIF of

zero, but none were statistically significantly different from the average for the whole of other of 1.29.
Three companies had results significantly better
than average, the best being company Z with an
LTIF of 0.32.
Four companies had significantly worse performances than average, the worst with an LTIF of 5.03,
nearly 4 times the average.
Companies O and S had ranked positions that
were much better than they achieved overall across
all functions, and companies X and P had worse
ranked positions.
16
12
Overall 1.29
A general conclusion from the foregoing is that company HH is the outstanding company on safety performance, not only overall but also throughout the
different types of activity. This company delivered the
best significantly different results in exploration, drilling and production, and was also significantly better
Q EE M
U BB HH DD Z
S AA W O
than average in the category other. Company DD was

also exemplary, achieving significantly better than average positions in exploration, production and other, and
a better than average result in drilling, whilst also ranking very high on overall performance.
2000 OGP
39
Incidents of the types explosions/burns and being struck by moving objects outnumber
all other types.
Few vehicle incidents are reported, surprisingly.
Most of the significant incidents reported could readily have had fatal consequences.
Significant incidents by category
1999
Other 16.5%
1996 - 1998
Air transport
6.2%
Caught between 1.0%
Drowning 2.1%
Electrical 2.1%
Other 13.8%
Vehicle
incidents
6.4%
Vehicle
incidents
4.1%
Drowning 0.3%
Electrical 3.5%
Explosion/
burns
13.8%
Struck by
25.8%
Explosion/
burns 35.1%
Falls
7.2%
Significant incidents are those that resulted in a lost

time injury or had the potential to result in a fatality
or serious injury. Just 17 companies submitted reports
on such incidents. The total number of reports was 97,
far fewer than the 129 reports in 1998, and two companies returned 36 of the total reports. Clearly, less effort
is being put into returning reports on significant incidents.
Incidents are categorised according to their potential
source of injury in the charts above.
Over 60% of reported incidents were in the categories with the potentials of explosions/burns and
being struck by moving objects. This compares
with 46% in the preceding 3 years.
There were relatively fewer incidents in the categories of falls and being caught between objects than
there were in 1996-98.
Struck by
32.5%
Falls 17.0%
Only 4% of significant incidents are categorised

as vehicle incidents, which is low compared to the
proportion of fatal incidents caused by vehicles.
The analysis of fatal incidents (excluding third party
incidents) showed that most resulted from drowning,
falls, being struck by, and vehicle accidents, and in
roughly equal numbers. The picture from reported significant incidents is rather different. Few are in the
drowning, falls, and vehicle categories. The dominant
category is instead explosions/burns, which in the case
of fatal incidents is a less common cause.
Significant incidents are listed in appendix D. The list
is a valuable source of information on the circumstances
of incidents leading to injury and near-misses. Most
incidents reported could readily have had fatal consequences.
40
Air transport 1.3%

Caught between 11.3%
2000 OGP
Conclusions
It is disappointing to record that 7 persons lost their

lives for every 100 million hours worked in 1999. There
is no convincing evidence that the incidence of fatalities
is reducing.
Otherwise, the 1999 results provide a great deal of
encouragement that progress in improving safety performance is being achieved. Performance on the primary indicator of lost time injury frequency improved
dramatically in 1999, particularly among contractors
who have shown an improvement in performance every
year in the past ten.
The 1999 database was the largest for any single year,
covering almost 1.2 billion hours worked. It is the largest in the industry and covers a high proportion of all
hours worked in the upstream sector. There are opportunities to increase the data collection and these should
be pursued. Several members of OGP are not contribut-
ing data and, of those that do, not all provide contractor information. Few non-members currently contribute
reports, although some data relating to non-member
activities might be obtainable through joint venture
agreements.
Reporting of medical treatment cases has widened. The
database for this category is now 90% of the total
worked hours database. It is to be hoped that this can
be raised to 100% in future years.
Reporting of significant incidents is declining and the
practice of reporting such incidents should be reviewed.
If it is to be continued, more emphasis should be given
to ensuring that full records are collected and reported.
Significant incident reports can provide valuable learning material in the drive to avoid repetition of incidents
and reduce the potential for serious injury and loss of
life.
2000 OGP
41
Appendix A
Database dimensions
Hours worked
millions
1200
1000
800
Manhours contractor
600
400
200
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
The 1999 database covers 1,197,460,000 hours

worked in the upstream sector of the oil and gas
industry. This is 6% higher than in 1998.
Contractor personnel accounted for 67% of the
total hours, and onshore activities for 75%.
Forty companies contributed data. All but five contributed contractor statistics, though not in every
case for each country of operation. Two companies
provided contractor information but no company
data. Of the 40 companies, 37 had also contributed
data in 1998. These 37 companies accounted for
99% of the database in 1999, giving assurance of
the validity of comparison of the 1999 results with
those of 1998. Thirty one of these companies had
also provided data in 1997.
25% of the companies accounted for 75% of the
worked hours. Four companies between them covered over 50% of the hours, and the largest contributor accounted for as many as 24% of the hours.
42
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Hours worked - by company

per cent.
100
80
Cumulative %
Manhours company
60
40
20
2000 OGP
10
15
20
25
30
Cumulative number of companies
35
40
Hours worked - by region
1999
South America
16%
1998
South
America
22%
Africa
21%
Africa
20%
North
America
16%
Asia/
Australasia 14%
Middle
East
14%
FSU 4%
Asia/
Australasia
14%
North
America
11%
Middle
East 14%
Europe 15%
Europe
17%
FSU
2%
Sixty six countries are represented in the database,

confirming the global nature of the report. Countries are listed in appendix H.
Africa contributed most data (21% of all hours)
and the FSU least (4%). Relative to 1998, the database for North America was much larger and for
South America much smaller. The hours reported
from the FSU almost doubled.
2000 OGP
43
Hours worked - by function
1999
Unspecified
19%
1998
Exploration
7%
Exploration
9%
Unspecified
22%
Drilling
10%
Other
22%
Other
23%
Production
40%
Drilling
13%
Production
35%
Production accounted for the lions share of reported

hours - 40%.
There is still a high proportion of worked hours
(19%) and accompanying statistics that are in the
unspecified category and not broken down into
functions.
A summary of the key elements of the database is shown on the next page.
Use of database
For calculations of FAR, FIR and LTIF:
For calculations of RWDC + LTI frequency:
All hours in the database were used.
Submissions without information on restricted

workdays were filtered out, leaving a database of
725 million hours, 61% of the total database.
For calculations of TRIR:

Submissions without information on medical treatment cases were filtered out, leaving a database of
1078 million hours, 90% of the total database.
In 1998, the TRIR database was 81% of the total
database.
For calculations of lost workday severity:

Submissions without information on days off work
were filtered out, leaving a database of 855 million
hours, 71% of the total database.
In 1998, this database was 64% of the total database.
For calculations of restricted workday severity:

Submissions without information on days off work
were filtered out, leaving a database of 535 million
hours, 44% of the total database.
44
2000 OGP
Summary of data
No.
fatalities
No.
LWDCs
No.
RWDCs
FAR
LTIF
TRIR
50415
6546
2
1
57
11
4
1
82
25
3.97
15.28
1.17
1.83
2.90
5.81
Contractor onshore
Contractor offshore
153430
42078
19
5
185
94
22
9
194
232
12.38
11.88
1.33
2.35
2.70
8.08
Sub Total
252469
27
347
36
533
10.69
1.48
3.73
35752
11138
0
1
15
9
7
13
22
22
0.00
8.97
0.42
0.90
1.32
4.38
80206
46203
2
7
48
65
35
39
120
80
2.49
15.15
0.62
1.56
3.31
5.02
173299
10
137
94
244
5.77
0.85
3.35
Company onshore
Company offshore
46036
14028
0
0
51
82
2
15
20
86
0.00
0.00
1.11
5.85
1.43
14.67
Contractor onshore
Contractor offshore
43735
71916
0
2
110
280
108
69
125
553
0.00
2.78
2.52
3.92
8.13
12.82
175715
523
194
784
1.14
2.99
9.15
8742
616
0
0
1
0
1
0
3
0
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.59
0.00
Contractor onshore
Contractor offshore
37002
1170
1
0
44
4
5
0
79
8
2.70
0.00
1.22
3.42
3.44
10.26
Sub Total
47530
49
90
2.10
1.05
3.03
67918
3655
10
0
97
7
56
9
53
9
14.72
0.00
1.58
1.92
3.11
5.17
84081
11327
2
0
77
18
122
18
75
25
2.38
0.00
0.94
1.59
2.63
5.87
166981
12
199
205
162
7.19
1.26
3.02
Company onshore
Company offshore
65395
10132
0
3
67
24
34
18
165
32
0.00
29.61
1.02
2.66
4.07
7.80
Contractor onshore
Contractor offshore
70037
40612
2
2
227
85
129
72
715
224
2.86
4.92
3.27
2.14
15.35
9.43
186176
403
253
1136
3.76
2.20
9.69
Company onshore
Company offshore
55778
18990
2
0
159
45
0
0
48
19
3.59
0.00
2.89
2.37
3.17
3.37
Contractor onshore
Contractor offshore
102653
17869
16
7
323
54
23
4
640
37
15.59
39.17
3.30
3.41
10.37
5.71
Sub Total
195290
25
581
27
744
12.80
3.10
7.29
330036
65105
14
5
447
178
104
56
393
193
4.24
7.68
1.40
2.81
2.82
6.86
Contractor onshore 571144

Contractor offshore 231175
42
23
1014
600
444
211
1948
1159
7.36
9.95
1.85
2.69
6.37
9.18
Grand Total
84
2239
815
3693
7.01
1.94
5.98
Region
Type
Africa
Company onshore
Company offshore
Asia/
Company onshore
Australasia Company offshore
Contractor onshore
Contractor offshore
Sub Total
Europe
Sub Total
FSU
Company onshore
Company offshore
Middle East Company onshore

Company offshore
Contractor onshore
Contractor offshore
Sub Total
North
America
Sub Total
South
America
Total
Hours
worked
(000s)
Company onshore
Company offshore
1197460
2000 OGP
No.
MTCs
45
Appendix B
Data tables
The following tables provide the data from which the
figures and charts throughout the report are compiled.
The hours worked, where included, are expressed in
multiples of thousands.
Management summary
Fatal accident rate - company & contractor 5-year trend
1999 Fatalities by category
Year
Company
Contractor
1995
1996
8.2
3.05
9.9
11.43
Air transport
Caught between
1997
1998
3.34
4.67
10.88
16.63
Drowning
Electrocution
1999
4.81
8.10
395141
802319
Hours 1999
Category
Number
16
4
19.0
4.8
8
2
9.5
2.4
Explosion/burns
Falls
16
14
19.0
16.7
Struck by
Vehicle incidents
10
9
11.9
10.7
6.0
Other
Lost time injury frequency - company
& contractor 5-year trend
Year
Company
Contractor
1995
1996
2.6
2.00
3.9
3.13
1997
1998
1.97
1.85
3.02
2.72
1999
1.63
2.09
395141
802319
Hours 1999
Overall results
Fatal accident rate - company & contractor 10-year trend
Year
Overall
Year
Overall
1990
1991
13.2
9.6
6.0
4.1
19.3
14.4
1990
1991
13.2
9.6
13.6
8.3
11.7
13.5
1992
1993
9.9
10.4
2.6
5.4
16.0
14.5
1992
1993
9.9
10.4
8.2
11.2
15.0
8.1
1994
1995
6.7
9.2
5.0
8.2
8.0
9.9
1994
1995
6.7
9.2
6.9
6.8
6.1
16.0
1996
1997
8.12
8.35
3.05
3.34
11.43
10.88
1996
1997
8.12
8.35
8.02
8.11
8.44
9.23
1998
1999
12.55
7.01
4.67
4.81
16.63
8.10
1998
1999
12.55
7.02
14.46
6.21
6.58
9.45
Hours 1999
1197460
Company
395141
Contractor
802319
No significant difference results at the 95% confidence level

from the overall FAR were found
Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the FAR
in 1998
46
Fatal accident rate - onshore & offshore 10-year trend
Hours 1999
1197460
Onshore
901180
Offshore
296280
No significant difference results at the 95% confidence level

from the overall FAR were found
Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the FAR
in 1998
2000 OGP
Fatal incident rate - company & contractor 10-year trend

Year
Overall
Company
Contractor
Fatal incident rate - onshore & offshore 5-year trend

Year
Overall
Onshore
Offshore
1990
1991
9.7
7.5
1994
1995
6.1
5.9
6.1
5.1
6.5
7.3
1992
1993
7.5
8.1
1996
1997
6.4
6.54
6.7
6.80
5.6
5.62
1994
1995
6.1
5.9
4.5
3.4
7.8
7.8
1998
1999
7.43
5.93
7.81
5.55
6.22
7.09
1996
1997
6.4
6.54
2.8
2.57
8.9
8.55
1998
1999
7.43
5.93
2.85
2.53*
7.78
5.98
No significantly different results in 1999
* Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the

overall FIR
No significant difference at the 95% confidence level from the
FIR in 1998 was found
Fatalities by category - 1999 & 1994-98
Fatalities by age group 1998-99

Age group
1999
Air transport
Caught between
16
4
99
26
<21
21-25
1
9
8
2
27
9
26-30
31-35
16
24
Explosion/burns
Falls
16
14
49
32
36-40
41-45
17
17
Struck by
Vehicle incidents
10
9
68
108
46-50
51-55
18
3
33
Drowning
Electrocution
Other
1994-98
Number
Category
>55
Lost time injury frequency - onshore & offshore 10-year

trend
Lost time injury frequency - company & contractor

10-year trend
Year
Overall
Company
Contractor
Year
Overall
Onshore
Offshore
1990
1991
4.7
4.6
2.5
2.8
6.6
6.1
1990
1991
4.7
4.6
3.6
3.7
8.2
7.3
1992
1993
4.3
3.9
3.3
3.0
5.2
4.7
1992
1993
4.3
3.9
3.7
3.5
6.2
5.2
1994
1995
3.4
3.3
2.5
2.6
4.1
3.9
1994
1995
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.6
4.0
1996
1997
2.68
2.67
2.00
1.97
3.13
3.02
1996
1997
2.68
2.67
2.34
2.18
3.80
4.46
1998
1999
2.42
1.94
1.85
1.63*
2.72
2.09*
1998
1999
2.42
1.94
2.23
1.68*
3.03
2.72*
Hours 1999
1197460
395141
802319

overall LTIF
Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the LTIF
in 1998
Hours 1999
1197460
901180
296280

overall LTIF
in 1998
Lost workday case severity - 5-year trend

1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
Hours 99
Company
Contractor
27.52
28.90
17.70
21.40
19.10
23.50
19.20
21.40
18.80
20.80
325437
529316
Overall
28.46
20.30
22.20
20.70
20.10
854753
Onshore
26.40
20.02
23.60
18.40
17.50
650967
Offshore
32.94
20.85
19.30
25.90
26.20
203786
2000 OGP
47
Total recordable incident rate - 4-year trend

1998
1997
1996
1995
Hours 99
Company
Contractor
1999
3.51*
7.18*
3.52
7.20
4.37
7.97
3.97
6.82
6.60
10.80
353845
723815
Overall
5.98
5.97
6.67
5.78
9.10
1077660
Onshore
5.08*
4.90
5.25
4.56
7.50
807024
Offshore
8.66*
9.83
11.86
9.90
* Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the overall TRIR
Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the TRIR in 1998
13.80
270636
North
America
South
America
Results by region
Region
1999
1998
Hours 99
Africa
Asia/Australia
1.48*
0.85*
2.31
1.26
252469
173299
Europe
FSU
2.99*
1.05*
3.39
1.40
175715
47530
Middle East
North America
1.26*
2.20*
1.18
2.11
166981
186176
South America
All regions
3.10*
1.94
3.64
2.42
195290
1197460

overall LTIF
in 1998
Fatal accident rate & lost time injury frequency - 5-year rolling averages
Year
Africa
Asia/
Australasia
Europe
Middle
East
All
regions
Fatal accident rate

1990
1991
20.5
22.1
9.0
7.2
11.1*
5.3*
10.1
10.8
6.9
6.5
25.5
23.1
12.8
11.0
1992
1993
19.3
18.5
6.3
6.1
6.3*
6.2*
13.5
14.0
5.6
5.4
21.6
22.9
10.9
11.1
1994
1995
13.5
13.9
5.6
6.4
5.7*
4.2*
14.0
13.6
5.1
5.2
20.2
16.4
9.8
9.2
1996
1997
11.0
10.9
6.8
6.7
4.2*
4.3
13.5
10.2
6.2
6.9
14.3
13.4
8.9
8.5
1998
1999
9.6
10.0
7.0
7.4
4.0
3.9
10.2
9.4
6.7
5.9
16.1
16.2
9.1
9.0

1990
1991
3.0
2.7
3.3
2.7
9.6*
8.9*
3.0
2.7
5.6
5.4
6.8
5.8
5.7
5.2
1992
1993
2.6
2.4
2.3
1.9
8.2*
7.1*
2.6
2.4
5.2
4.9
6.0
6.9
4.9
4.6
1994
1995
2.2
2.2
1.6
1.5
6.2*
5.4*
2.2
1.9
4.7
4.4
6.6
6.8
4.2
3.9
1996
1997
2.0
1.9
1.4
1.2
4.7*
4.2
1.7
1.5
3.9
3.4
6.3
5.8
3.5
3.2
1998
1999
2.0
1.9
1.2
1.1
3.8
3.6
1.4
1.3
2.9
2.5
4.9
4.4
2.9
2.6
* Data for Europe includes FSU
48
2000 OGP
Lost workday case severity

Year
Africa
1995
1996
13.6
16.4
18.1
14.9
31.5
32.6
1997
1998
14.3
17.4
19.1
22.1
23.8
23.7
Ave 1995-98
1999
15.4
16.8
18.5
18.2
28.6
46.7
142985
101701
Europe
Hours 1999
187918
Includes data for FSU
Asia/
Australasia
Europe
FSU
Middle
East
N/A
N/A
North
America
South
America
All
regions
19.4
19.6
16.5
15.9
14.7
16.2
20.1
20.7
10.7
8.2
21.2
16.6
33.4
22.2
23.0
19.4
22.2
20.3
9.6
35.9
19.2
12.7
20.1
20.9
18.2
35.9
21.0
28.5
11439
142982
116509
151219
854753
FSU
Middle
East
North
America
South
America
All
regions
2.9
2.50
14.4
11.55
9.2
5.60
9.1
5.78
8.61
6.53
6.67
5.97
7.38
7.29*
6.77
5.98

Year
Africa
Asia/
Australasia
1995
1996
3.0
2.02
5.0
3.31
16.4
8.92
1997
1998
3.37
3.54
5.10
4.41
11.13
9.29
5.00
9.65
3.46
1.95
8.48
9.01
Ave 1995-98
1999
3.09
3.73*
4.44
3.35*
11.45
9.15*
7.64
3.03*
2.75
3.02*
10.69
9.69*
N/A
N/A
Hours 1999
250639
133243
160388
44869
Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the 1995-98 TRIR
Includes data for FSU
2000 OGP
128178
185609
174734
1077660
49
Lost time injury frequency by country

Country
LTIF
Hours
FSU
Africa
Congo
Libya
8.07*
5.53*
3099
3256
Turkmenistan
Russia
3.01*
2.14
1663
3732
Algeria
Tunisia
3.79*
3.60*
7116
1946
FSU average
Azerbaijan
1.05
0.96
47530
4167
Cameroon
Dem Rep Congo
1.97
1.81
2538
1660
Kazakhstan
0.87
37968
Egypt
Gabon
1.55
1.51
48288
7927
Africa average
Angola
1.48
1.46
252469
25941
Iran
Qatar
3.46*
1.95*
8094
31350
Nigeria
1.01*
Middle East average

Kuwait
1.26
1.11
UAE
Oman
0.98
0.39*
8165
63584
0.14*
0.00
14296
174
Canada
North America average
3.17*
2.20
30251
186716
USA
2.01
155886
Peru
Venezuela
3.35
3.22
4473
134815
South America average

Colombia
3.10
3.00
195290
32343
Arentina
Trinidad & Tobago
2.88
2.43
14593
4519
Bolivia
Brazil
1.18*
0.00
3381
160
137646
Asia-Australasia
Middle East
Bangladesh
Papau New Guinea
1.83*
1.78*
3824
5050
Syria
Turkey
Myanmar
China
1.60*
1.56
8149
5765
North America
Pakistan
Australia
1.12
0.88
8920
18174
Brunei
0.85
Asia-Australasia average 0.85
17548
173299
Indonesia
Thailand
0.76
0.75
58113
6628
Malaysia
Vietnam
0.57
0.00
31843
1447
France
Norway
5.13*
3.32
4871
54773
Denmark
Europe average
3.11
2.99
7067
175715
The Netherlands
Italy
2.77
2.55
14777
8242
UK
Germany
2.54*
1.80
82254
2219
Europe
South America
* Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the regional average LTIF
Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the global average LTIF
50
166981
11751
2000 OGP
Results by function
Lost time injury frequency - 10-year trend
Year
Exploration
Drilling
Production
Other
Overall
1990
1991
3.2
2.4
7.7
7.7
4.1
3.8
N/A
N/A
4.7
4.6
1992
1993
1.9
1.3
5.7
6.2
3.9
3.7
N/A
N/A
4.3
3.9
1994
1995
3.5
2.8
5.5
5.5
2.8
3.0
N/A
N/A
3.4
3.3
1996
1997
2.48
1.86
4.86
3.67
2.29
2.43
N/A
2.54
2.68
2.67
1998
1999
2.34
0.88*
4.29
2.81*
2.45
2.34*
Hours 1999
104084
118621
474479
1.17
1.29*
262116
2.42
1.94
1179460
* Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the overall LTIF
Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the LTIF in 1998
Lost workday case severity

Year
Exploration
Drilling
Production
Other
N/A
N/A
All
functions
1995
1996
21.5
8.1
22.0
26.0
20.6
22.7
20.1
20.7
1997
1998
8.2
15.8
32.2
25.8
23.9
19.6
19.3
20.1
22.2
20.3
Ave 95-98
1999
14.0
11.9
26.3
37.6
21.8
33.4
19.8
20.7
20.8
28.5
Hours 1999
51881
69327
377012
199070
854753
Other
All
functions

Year
Exploration
Drilling
Production
1995
1996
11.5
6.97
11.4
10.41
7.0
4.74
1997
1998
4.16
6.40
7.80
10.06
5.67
6.57
5.92
3.19
6.67
5.97
Ave 95-98
1999
7.09
4.40*
9.64
11.99*
5.47
5.42*
3.52
4.76*
6.77
5.98
Hours 1999
95850
107907
433077
N/A
N/A
228022
9.1
5.78
1077660
Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the TRIR in 1995-98
2000 OGP
51
Exploration - LTIF for company & contractor by region
Region
Company
1999
1997-98
Contractor
1999
1997-98
Company
manhours
1999
Contractor
manhours
1999
Africa
Asia/Australasia
0.46
0.00
4.58
1.28
0.35*
1.46
1.05
0.82
8779
3359
28662
12316
Europe
FSU
0.47
0.00
0.58
0.00
1.15
0.00
2.73
0.78
6409
1415
5231
1471
Middle East
North America
0.00
0.62
0.20
0.09
0.30
3.64*
0.23
2.30
2013
9733
3355
6042
South America
All regions
0.26
0.39
0.00
0.96
1.84*
1.14
7.18
2.61
3883
35591
11416
68943
Company
manhours
1999
Contractor
manhours
1999
* Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the LTIF for all regions
Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the LTIF in 1997-98
Exploration - TRIR for company & contractor by region
Region
Company
1999
1997-98
Contractor
1999
1997-98
Africa
Asia/Australasia
0.91
1.19
7.40
3.31
2.13*
2.06*
1.84
8.61
8749
3353
28660
6804
Europe
FSU
0.64
0.00
1.17
0.00
3.79
2.04*
8.70
1.56
6285
1415
4226
1471
Middle East
North America
1.03
4.63*
1.06
1.40
2.09*
15.78*
2.24
12.78
1947
9727
3343
6020
South America
All regions
0.56
1.86
4.96
2.59
15.63*
5.87
12.02
6.79
3549
35025
10301
60825
Company
manhours
1999
Contractor
manhours
1999
* Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the TRIR for all regions
Drilling - LTIF for company & contractor by region
Region
Company
1999
1997-98
Contractor
1999
1997-98
Africa
Asia/Australasia
0.69
0.43
8.29
0.32
3.13
2.29
4.14
1.88
1446
2354
14691
12651
Europe
FSU
0.46
0.00
0.58
0.00
4.59*
3.49
5.79
3.95
2153
199
21131
2004
Middle East
North America
2.12
0.36
3.21
0.00
1.31*
2.61
1.67
3.14
3296
2777
12993
23771
South America
All regions
8.63*
1.92
2.97
2.36
2.77
2.93
6.03
4.22
1853
14078
17302
104543
Company
manhours
1999
Contractor
manhours
1999
Drilling - TRIR for company & contractor by region
Region
Company
1999
1997-98
Contractor
1999
1997-98
Africa
Asia/Australasia
2.11
0.44*
12.67
2.43
8.11*
6.69*
6.97
5.72
1423
2297
14543
9721
Europe
FSU
1.07
0.00
0.80
0.00
16.01*
12.10
14.46
9.48
1865
177
20429
1405
Middle East
North America
3.39
2.16
5.69
2.11
7.04*
14.98*
4.99
12.58
2948
2775
9233
23763
South America
All regions
10.17*
2.91
4.63
4.06
19.55*
13.24
9.94
9.60
1574
13059
15754
94848
52
2000 OGP
Production - LTIF for company & contractor by region
Region
Company
1999
1997-98
Contractor
1999
1997-98
Company
manhours
1999
Contractor
manhours
1999
Africa
Asia/Australasia
1.73
0.70*
2.45
0.63
2.11
0.89*
2.11
0.73
20189
21510
55571
42883
Europe
FSU
3.79*
0.84
2.15
2.32
3.32*
2.53
4.22
2.16
24789
1189
40724
4351
Middle East
North America
2.22
1.54*
1.08
1.19
0.90*
2.87
0.98
2.53
41533
31902
39033
30712
South America
All regions
3.02*
2.32
4.23
2.14
3.65*
2.36
3.97
2.63
58987
200099
61106
274380
Company
manhours
1999
Contractor
manhours
1999
Production - TRIR for company & contractor by region
Region
Company
1999
1997-98
Contractor
1999
1997-98
Africa
Asia/Australasia
4.50
2.61*
3.12
2.26
4.80*
4.23*
2.64
3.54
20008
17235
54837
31454
Europe
FSU
8.02*
1.00
5.87
2.32
11.05*
1.15*
17.41
4.31
24307
999
40013
3476
Middle East
North America
3.34*
4.33
2.51
5.47
2.10*
9.50*
2.89
12.13
36834
31880
29546
30623
South America
All regions
3.01*
4.08
6.07
4.37
6.75
6.40
6.46
6.97
52491
183754
59374
249323
Company
manhours
1999
Contractor
manhours
1999
Other - LTIF for company & contractor by region
Region
Company
1999
1997-98
Contractor
1999
1997-98
Africa
Asia/Australasia
1.39*
0.36
0.51
0.17
1.08*
0.40*
2.17
1.43
14413
13967
67649
45183
Europe
FSU
0.93
0.00
0.81
1.61
3.21*
3.70
3.81
1.98
9715
214
33977
1082
Middle East
North America
0.85
0.23
0.91
1.11
1.48
1.78
1.03
1.90
7050
8883
22903
22439
South America
All regions
0.36
0.75
0.92
0.69
1.44
1.44
2.36
1.84
2779
57021
11862
205095
Company
manhours
1999
Contractor
manhours
1999
Other - TRIR for company & contractor by region
Region
Company
1999
1997-98
Contractor
1999
1997-98
Africa
Asia/Australasia
3.67*
1.06*
1.14
0.76
2.08*
2.05*
2.24
1.90
14186
13271
67164
30266
Europe
FSU
1.83
0.00
1.36
4.18
10.39*
6.45
8.24
26.90
7093
182
32813
155
Middle East
North America
6.31*
1.14*
3.02
5.00
1.77*
11.53*
0.59
12.07
5391
8802
15862
22369
South America
All regions
8.51*
2.67
2.89
2.31
13.19*
5.35
9.00
4.02
1292
50217
9176
177805
2000 OGP
53
Results by company
1999
1999
1998
1997
Company &
Company
Company &
Company &
Company &
Company &
Contractor
only
contractor
contractor
contractor
contractor
LTIF
LTIF
LTIF
LTIF
A
B
6.89 *
6.17
6.66 *
9.13
9.30
13.06
5.80
C
D
5.88 *
4.94 *
4.03
10.40 *
2.02
3.08
4.27
6.76
4.96
E
F
4.29 *
4.09 *
1.61
2.32
4.51
2.53
5.55
3.19
6.06
4.44
5.98
3.36
G
H
3.50
3.20
0.00
3.66
2.36
4.25
0.00
I
J
3.12 *
3.11
1.99
0.56
3.06
4.08
2.87
2.29
2.61
6.43
3.19
3.76
K
L
3.08 *
2.89
2.25 *
1.84
3.15
3.09
3.82
5.48
4.33
4.28
6.56
4.95
M
N
2.44 *
2.33
2.02
1.58
3.94
3.25
5.16
1.54
5.18
0.34
7.58
1.29
O
P
2.24
2.23
2.35
2.04
2.26
26.83
Q
R
2.05
1.96
0.45
0.72
3.84
5.35
3.54
3.10
7.91
6.22
S
Overall
1.96
1.94
1.15 *
1.63
1.99
2.42
2.99
2.67
2.68
3.32
T
U
1.85
1.75
0.67 *
1.09 *
2.45
2.14
5.75
4.86
3.83
3.02
4.05
3.54
V
W
1.68
1.58
1.24
0.00
1.34
1.49
2.64
0.00
1.32
0.86
X
Y
1.57
1.50
5.06 *
0.72
2.40
4.62
5.14
8.99
Z
AA
1.43 *
1.40
0.56 *
0.00 *
2.51
2.06
2.49
3.18
3.28
BB
CC
1.05
1.00
2.36
7.72
7.88
DD
EE
0.76 *
0.75 *
0.50 *
0.17 *
0.98
1.16
1.09
0.24
1.02
1.90
1.47
3.19
FF
GG
0.48 *
0.45
0.33
0.58
0.30
3.17
2.02
3.32
HH
II
0.43 *
0.00
0.25 *
0.00
0.67
0.00
0.63
3.46
0.87
0.53
JJ
KK
9.34 *
2.50 *
9.95
LL
MM
2.44
1.98
12.68
Company
code
2000 OGP
LTIF
1995
LTIF
4.56
5.66
NN
1.26
* Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the overall LTIF
Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the LTIF in 1998
54
1996
Most improved companies - company with contractor LTIF
Company with best
Company X
improvement record since 1995
Company with second best
Company M
improvement record since 1995
Average for all companies
Year
Company &
contractor LTIF
1995
8.99
1996
5.14
1997
4.62
1998
2.40
1999
1.57
1995
7.58
1996
5.18
1997
5.16
1998
3.94
1999
2.44
1995
3.32
1996
2.68
1997
2.67
1998
2.42
1999
1.94
Lost time injury frequency by function

Drilling
Exploration
Company
code
Company &
contractor LTIF
Company
code
Production
Company &
contractor LTIF
Company
code
Other
Company &
contractor LTIF
Company
code
Company &
contractor LTIF
4.13*
13.33*
15.21*
4.01*
12.42*
7.96*
4.87*
3.74*
10.17*
5.10*
3.84*
2.03*
8.50*
4.69
2.66*
1.27
4.72*
3.55
2.05
1.13
4.15
3.48
1.82
1.05
3.47
3.34*
1.52
CC
1.00
BB
3.33
3.17
1.32
Overall
0.88
3.31
2.93*
Overall
1.29
0.86
3.23
2.64
EE
1.16
0.47
3.13
2.49
1.11
DD
0.31*
3.11
2.46
0.95
FF
0.00
2.81
Overall
2.34
BB
0.69
HH
0.00*
Overall
2.81
2.12
HH
0.59*
0.00
2.65
1.94*
DD
0.55*
0.00
2.50
1.76
0.32*
2.47
1.31
0.00
2.24
1.25*
AA
0.00
2.24
1.19
0.00
DD
2.17
DD
0.76*
0.00
FF
1.60
EE
0.70*
EE
0.43*
FF
0.55
HH
0.34*
0.52
HH
0.48*
GG
0.45
5.03*
* Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the overall LTIF for the function
2000 OGP
55
Significant incidents by category - 1998 & 1996-97
Category
1999
Air transport
Caught between
1996-98
6
1
4
35
Drowning potential 2
Electrical
2
1
11
Explosion/burns
Falls
34
7
43
53
Struck by
Vehicle incidents
25
4
101
20
Other
16
43
Appendix A
Database dimensions
Total exposure hours - 15-year trend
Exposure hours by region
Hours worked (000s)

Year
Overall
1985
1986
1999
1998
Africa
Asia/Australasia
252469
173299
228540
159544
Europe
FSU
175715
47530
186818
25761
Middle East
North America
166981
186176
159087
128608
South America
All regions
195290
1197460
242871
1131229
Company
Contractor
656
544
410
306
245
238
1987
1988
602
616
356
364
247
253
1989
1990
656
721
331
332
325
389
1991
1992
941
944
441
431
500
513
1993
1994
919
872
410
397
509
475
1999
1998
1995
1996
841
912
356
360
485
551
Exploration
Drilling
104084
118621
81048
144377
1997
1998
1161
1131
389
386
772
746
Production
Other
474479
262116
398485
262472
1999
1197
395
802
Unspecified
All functions
238160
1197460
244847
1131229
Appendix E
Exposure hours by function
Restricted workday analyses
Combined RWDC & LTI frequency - overall

1998
1997
1996
1995
Company
Contractor
1999
2.07*
2.89*
1.91
3.47
1.47
2.92
2.15
3.33
3.0
4.2
233931
491063
Overall
2.63
2.92
2.46
2.90
3.7
724994
Onshore
2.20*
2.53
2.10
2.30
3.1
549088
Offshore
3.97*
4.19
3.84
5.00
5.3
* Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the overall RWDC+LTI frequency
Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the RWDC+LTI frequency in 1998
175906
Severity of restricted workday cases
56
1999
1997-98
Hours 99
Company
Contractor
21.27
8.75
13.27
10.33
199754
327026
Overall
Onshore
12.08
10.27
11.04
10.45
526780
412677
Offshore
15.37
12.17
114103
2000 OGP
Hours 99
Combined RWDC & LTI frequency by region

Year
Africa
Asia/
Europe
FSU
Middle
North
South
All
East
America
America
regions
1.9
1.52
6.5
6.37
11.7
5.05
3.7
2.90
Australasia
1995
1996
1.4
0.91
2.2
1.81
5.5
4.39
1997
1998
2.12
2.44
1.32
3.83
4.18
1.89
2.47
3.47
1.95
2.03
3.66
4.12
4.30
4.22
2.46
2.92
Ave 1995-98
1999
1.87
1.16*
1.69
1.56*
4.37
4.59*
3.08
0.94*
1.87
2.67
5.07
3.86*
4.74
4.55*
2.91
2.63
Hours 1999
182906
118211
N/A
N/A
106975
20223
135969
138310
22400
724994
Data for Europe includes FSU

* Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the RWDC+LTI frequency for all regions
Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the RWDC+LTI frequency in 1995-98
Combined RWDC & LTI frequency by function

Year
Exploration
Drilling
Production
1995
1996
3.3
1.75
6.4
6.36
3.1
2.34
1997
1998
1.73
2.93
3.65
6.54
1.92
3.07
2.66
1.70
2.46
2.92
Ave 1995-98
1999
2.42
1.22*
5.52
4.56*
2.50
2.55
1.95
2.53
2.90
2.63
Hours 1999
37770
66838
265100
Other
Overall
N/A
N/A
3.7
2.90
193690
724994
* Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the overall RWDC+LTI frequency
Combined RWDC & LTI frequency - exploration
Region
Company
1999
1997-98
Contractor
1999
1997-98
Company
manhours
1999
Contractor
manhours
1999
Africa
Asia/Australasia
1.64
0.52
7.11
1.79
0.73
0.91
1.23
1.55
1223
1909
16451
4382
Europe
FSU
0.00
0.00
1.07
0.00
5.11*
0.00
4.82
0.78
1571
19
587
285
Middle East
North America
1.54
1.65
1.04
0.09
0.92
2.39
1.06
4.40
1301
4250
3255
1256
South America
All regions
0.00
1.16
0.00
1.51
7.65*
1.24
10.37
2.71
105
10378
1176
27392
Company
manhours
1999
Contractor
manhours
1999
* Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the RWDC+LTI frequency for exploration
Combined RWDC & LTI frequency - drilling
Region
Company
1999
1997-98
Contractor
1999
1997-98
Africa
Asia/Australasia
0.00
0.00
12.77
0.18
2.14*
3.36*
5.34
2.92
587
1445
7009
8046
Europe
FSU
1.92
0.00
0.62
0.00
7.20*
1.48
8.33
3.13
1043
111
10835
677
Middle East
North America
3.36*
0.90
4.72
0.53
4.18
6.03
3.27
7.30
2974
2225
11018
18404
South America
All regions
0.00
1.64
1.08
3.09
5.58
4.99
5.46
5.32
135
8520
2329
58318
* significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the RWDC+LTI frequency for drilling
2000 OGP
57
Combined RWDC & LTI frequency - production
Region
Company
1999
1997-98
Contractor
1999
1997-98
Company
manhours
1999
Contractor
manhours
1999
Africa
Asia/Australasia
1.63*
1.00*
2.24
1.08
0.75*
1.59*
1.49
1.20
11032
15986
41598
30229
Europe
FSU
6.75*
2.20
1.46
3.25
3.88*
0.66*
5.82
0.00
12142
455
24981
3049
Middle East
North America
3.25
1.85*
1.63
2.89
2.63
4.65*
1.55
6.48
36906
25972
36075
24967
South America
All regions
0.00
2.77
5.17
1.79
2.50
2.42
5.51
2.62
508
103001
1200
162099
Company
manhours
1999
Contractor
manhours
1999
* Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the RWDC+LTI frequency for production
Combined RWDC & LTI frequency - other
Region
Company
1999
1997-98
Contractor
1999
1997-98
Africa
Asia/Australasia
0.70
0.87
0.29
0.35
0.81
1.37
2.74
1.39
11401
12688
53010
29875
Europe
FSU
0.85
0.00
0.48
4.98
6.34
6.45
3.30
27.21
7044
129
31366
155
Middle East
North America
0.00
0.38
0.70
1.55
1.13
5.56
0.71
5.47
1174
7800
15862
19798
South America
All regions
4.19
0.78
1.93
0.73
18.90
3.00
3.51
2.36
954
41190
2434
152500
* Significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the RWDC+LTI frequency for other
58
2000 OGP
Appendix C
Fatal incident reports by region
Africa
Onshore
Egypt, Other, 24/01/99;
Victim Details: Age: unknown
Number of deaths: 1;
Employer: Contractor
Type of incident: Vehicle incident
Occupation: Transportation Operator
The accident occurred at 5.30 am. A truck/trailer, transporting 11 pieces of 18 pipe, for unknown reasons continued straight on a
slight curve point and went off the road. The overturned cab of the truck was severely damaged and the driver sustained fatal
injuries. His helper survived the crash with shoulder and chest injuries.
Egypt, Other, 03/04/99;
Occupation: Technician
Two radiography technicians were riding in a pickup when the bonnet cover of the pickup opened and the driver could not control
the steering wheel. The windscreen broke and the pickup turned over four times. One man was badly injured and died in hospital 2
hours later, the other man was slightly injured.
Nigeria, Exploration, 13/09/99;
Victim Details: Age: 30
Type of incident: Drowning
Occupation: workman
A member of a seismic crew was drowned whilst attempting to recover a battery that had fallen overboard. Body was found without
a life jacket on.
Nigeria, Other;
Employer: Company
Occupation: Public Affairs Representative
A Public Affairs representative on speedboat jumped ship when boat came under cross fire. He was not wearing a floatation device.
Nigeria, Other, 12/11/99;
Occupation: consultant
A consultant was fatally injured when the pick-up vehicle in which he was travelling was in a head-on collision with a third party
tipper lorry. Two others in the pick-up were seriously injured. The deceased was wearing a seatbelt.
Occupation: security guard
A security guard engaged by a swamp flowline contractor fell overboard and was drowned. He was not wearing his life jacket.
Type of incident: Other
Occupation: driver
The driver of a company bus was shot by armed robbers.

Nigeria, Production, 16/06/99;
Type of incident: Struck by
Occupation: site superintendent
The victim sustained a fracture to the leg when offloading gas cylinders. He died in hospital due to excessive blood loss.
Victim Details: Ages: unknown
Type of incident: Explosions or burns
An explosion occurred at the construction site, resulting in 4 instant deaths and 17 injured, 4 of them with serious injury, one of them
dying the day after. After investigation, it was found that the construction team was storing gas cylinders (oxygen & acetylene) in a
container every evening. In order to avoid theft of the equipment at night, the worker would tag weld the doors of the container.
The accident occurred when the workers were in the process of grinding the welds to open the doors. No bottle was found
exploded, and we can assume that an accumulation of acetylene from a leaking cylinder was ignited by the sparks of the grinding
machine used for breaking the welds.
Type of incident: Fall
Occupation: pipe fitter
A pipe fitter engaged in unauthorised flow-line replacement work fell and sustained multiple head injuries. No evacuation procedure
was activated and 2 hours passed before the correct medical help was given. He died later in hospital
Nigeria, Production, 3rd Party, 09/04/99;
Victim Details: Ages: unknown
Employer: Contractor, two 3rd party
Occupations: Supervisor & two 3rd party
A contractor vessel collided with a third party speedboat resulting in the drowning of 1 contractor and 2 third parties. None of the 3
were wearing life jackets.
2000 OGP
59
Nigeria, 3rd Party (Production), 18/09/99;
Employer: 3rd party
A 30-seater bus was returning from Calabar on official business and was involved in a collision with a pedestrian. The pedestrian
received fatal injuries and died at the scene.
Nigeria, 3rd party (Production), 20/08/99;
Employer: 3rd party
A pool car being driven without authorisation was involved in an accident with a motorcycle on the ONNA/EKET road. The accident
resulted in the death of the motorcyclist and serious injury of his passenger and also injury to the pool car driver.
Nigeria, 3rd party (Production), 03/02/99;
Employer: 3rd party
A pool car was involved in a collision with a pedestrian, resulting in the death of the pedestrian. The vehicle was being used without
authorization, and the driver was subsequently dismissed from the contract company that supplies drivers to the operator.
Nigeria, 3rd Party, 10/06/99;
Employer: 3rd party
Occupation: child
A contractor driver hit and killed a 7 year old girl running across the road.
Nigeria, 3rd party, 14/10/99;
Employer: 3rd party
One third party died and 2 others were injured when their truck was in a head-on collision with a company truck.
Employer: 3rd party
A contractor pay-loader collided with a motorcycle carrying 3 adults and a baby. The motorcycle rider died due to head injuries.
Nigeria, Unspecified, 17/07/99;
Occupation: ferry operator
A company ferry was attacked by armed robbers. One of the 3 operators was shot dead; the other 2 jumped overboard and swam to
safety.
Employer: 3rd party
Occupation: child
Company driver knocked down and killed a third party child running across the road
Employer: 3rd party
Occupation: unknown
Third party drowned in a burrow pit left over from drilling operations. He reportedly went to bathe in the pit and was later found
drowned.
Occupation: flowstation attendant
A guard was shot dead when a flow station was stormed by armed robbers.
Nigeria, 3rd Party, 13/04/99;
Employer: 3rd party
The passenger of a contractor vehicle was shot by armed robbers.

Victim Details: Age: 22, 32
Occupation: two motor boys
A diesel tanker caught fire resulting in the death of 2 tanker attendants. A leak was noticed whilst discharging the product. The
supply was stopped and repairs were carried out. The fire started from the pump-engine moments after pumping resumed.
Employer: 3rd party
The driver of a contractor vehicle braked to avoid running into the truck in front. He skidded and crossed into the opposite lane,
colliding head-on with a saloon car carrying 3 passengers, the driver of which died.
60
2000 OGP
Sudan, Other, 27/04/99;
Occupation: Heavy Equipment Operator
A contractor worker was hit by a scraper while supervising the construction of a drilling pad. The driver, while reversing the scraper
did not see the worker. He was hit by the blade and suffered a broken pelvis and died from internal bleeding.
Sudan, Production, 07/11/99;
Employer: Company
Occupation: Electrician
A temporary employee climbed an electric power pole to carry out maintenance work. He slipped and fell from a height of about 5
meters. He was not wearing a safety harness. He died from a broken neck.
Offshore
Angola, Unspecified;
Occupation: Unknown
Victim fell off scaffolding and sustained a broken neck.

Angola, Unspecified, 01/12/99;
Employer: Company
Type of incident: Air transport incident
Occupation: Mechanic
Helicopter crash. The victim may have deployed the floatation device too soon before the crash. His companions were unable to
release the victims seat belt which may have been fastened incorrectly.
Egypt, Production, 10/03/99;
Occupation: 3rd Engineer
The incident occurred on an FPSO. The IP opened the observation tanks inspection hatch and was drenched in hot water. This
resulted in the IP sustaining extensive scalding/burns.
Equatorial Guinea, Drilling, 15/02/99;
Type of incident: Caught between
Occupation: Subsea Engineer
Subsea engineer was lubricating the o ring in a H-4 connector when the bridge crane holding the H-4 connector failed and caused
the connector to swing and trap the employee between the connector and the test stump.
Nigeria, Unspecified;
Occupation: Boat man
Workplace violence. Boat driver was shot as he was trying to prevent outboard engine and boat from being stolen.
Employer: Contactor
Occupation: Unknown
The victim fell 25ft off pipe alley onto cable slings on a barge deck.
Asia/Australasia
Onshore
Myanmar, Other, 20/04/99;
Occupation: Manual Labourer
The operative was dismantling a walkway. This had been modified in a manner unknown by the operative. The walkway collapsed.
Pakistan, Drilling, 13/07/99;
Occupation: Compactor Operator
The incident occurred at a construction site. A portacabin was lifted by a tornado force storm and landed on the injured party,
causing fatal injuries.
2000 OGP
61
Offshore
China, Production, 03/08/99;
Occupation: Electrician
The accident occurred during a project to repair port aft column equipment on a converted Aker H-3 semi submersible following a
catastrophic flooding incident. The person involved was installing temporary lights in the void space. There were no witnesses to the
accident but the evidence indicates he fell 2.9m from a mezzanine deck. He was conscious, alert and complaining of a headache. He
was taken to a hospital and died following emergency surgery to relieve pressure from internal bleeding. Critical factors in the
accident: working alone, lack of familiarity with worksite, no safety harness, unprotected height hazard, no task risk.
Indonesia, Other, 15/03/99;
Employer: Company
Type of incident: Caught between
Occupation: Mechanical Tech
A technician was trapped between cables and travelling block when the block moved whilst he was carrying out maintenance.
Indonesia, Other, 14/04/99;
Victim Details: Ages: 34, 46, 53, 57
Occupations: Captain Pilot, Load Master, Doctor, Security
A Bell helicopter crashed into the Java Sea killing the pilot and 3 passengers. The cause appears to be a single equipment failure of
the transmission mount pylon spindle.
Malaysia, Other, 08/12/99;
Occupation: master
A boat-master preparing to transfer from a drilling platform to his standby vessel was swept from the platforms boat-landing by a
large wave. He was recovered to the boat but attempts at resuscitation were unsuccessful.
Myanmar, Production, 15/03/99;
Occupation: Manual Labourer
The Operator entered a restricted area where heavy loads were being lifted by crane. The swivel hook failed and the person was
struck by a heavy load.
Europe
Offshore
Norway, Other, 02/05/99;
Type of incident: Caught Between
While working on the deck on a laybarge the victim was crushed between pipes in the automatic pipe handling system.
Norway, Production, 14/02/99;
Type of incident: Caught Between
Occupation: Roughneck
While working to free heavy drill pipe at the top of the derrick the victim was crushed between the drillpipe and tool.
FSU
Onshore
Kazakhstan, Unspecified, 25/09/99;
Occupation: Welder
Fall from roof cover of 3 meters.
Middle East
Onshore
Iran, Other;
When installing grating on platform under construction the worker fell approx. 11m.
62
2000 OGP
Occupation: Plater
Qatar, Unspecified, 04/11/99;
Occupation: Labourer
A labourer working in the road was run over by a loading shovel.

Saudi Arabia, Production, 31/08/99;
Employer: Company
Occupation: Senior Inspector Engineering
The employee collided head on with a contractor vehicle while driving a company vehicle.
Saudi Arabia, Production & 3rd party, 02/10/99;
Victim Details: Ages: 32 to 50
Employer: Nine company, three 3rd party
Occupations: various; see below
Helicopter crashed into the sea just after take off.

Occupations: Seven Oil/Gas Operators, Field Services Operator, Machinist Technician, Supervising Operator Oil/Gas Operations,
Supervising Craftsman Electrical & Mechanical, Senior Welder
Syria, 3rd party, 25/04/99;
Employer: 3rd party
Occupation: child
Third party child was killed when he ran into the path of a staff minibus.
Offshore
Oman, 3rd party, 15/03/99;
Employer: 3rd party
A seaman on a tanker was killed when a lifting tackle cleat failed during hose handling operations.
North America
Onshore
Canada, Production, 09/09/99;
Occupation: Supervisor
A consulting site supervisor was fatally injured from a perforating gun discharge on a well servicing job. The supervisor was standing
in the hazard zone of the perforating gun while it was on the catwalk. The perforating gun operator/blaster did not properly isolate
the firing mechanisms and accidentally fired the gun while the site supervisor and perforating helper were standing next to the
perforating gun.
USA, Unspecified, 25/11/99;
Occupation: Labourer
Victim slipped into a swamp whilst marking the route for a dredger. It is thought the air trapped in his waders caused him to float
inverted.
Offshore
USA, Production;
Occupation: Welder
Contractor employee burned in an off-shore rig fire.

USA, Production, 17/03/99;
Victim Details: Ages: 44, 45
Occupations: Operator, Foreman
At approximately 1255 hours, two fatal injuries occurred as a result of a helicopter crash. The fatalities were incurred when an Astar
helicopter rolled off the north side of the heliport while attempting to lift off. The helicopter struck the water in an inverted
orientation.
USA, Production, 25/09/99;
Occupation: Seaman
Contract employee lost at sea after the collapse of jack-up workover rig.
2000 OGP
63
USA, Unspecified, 15/04/99;
Employer: Company
Occupation: Environmental & Safety Engineer
The victim was being transported by boat when boat was struck in dense fog by a supply boat.
South America
Onshore
Colombia, Other, 29/05/99;
Type of incident: Electrocution
Occupation: Foreman
The team leader suffered a fatal accident when 3 workers were assisting in the preparations on the ROW for laying a new flowline to
a well. They were erecting warning poles/flags next to a live (34.5KV) overhead power line when one of the poles came into contact
with the line, electrocuting the team leader.
Colombia, Other, 09/10/99;
Occupation: Other
Security guard killed when unknown intruders entered wellhead site and set off explosive device on flowline.
Colombia, Production, 17/04/99;
Employer: Company
Occupation: Production Operator
At 9.40 pm, at the end of his shift, the production operator was driving a work vehicle to make an inspection. When he arrived at a
crossing he did not stop at the halt sign and collided with another vehicle. The driver had not been using his safety belt and died
from the blow.
Colombia, Production, 27/03/99;
Employer: Company
Occupation: Production Operator
At 11:40 pm, at the start of his shift, the Production Operator took a vehicle to do an inspection. When driving over a bridge the
vehicle went over the edge of the bridge and into the river below. The driver was drunk and had not been using a safety belt.
Venezuela, Production, 18/09/99;
Occupation: Truck Driver
A truck driver, in avoiding a collision with another vehicle overturned the truck.
Victim Details: Ages: 22, 37
Occupation: Two scaffolders
During heavy winds a 20 meter high scaffold collapsed.

Victim Details: Ages: 25 to 42
Occupations: Foreman, five crew members
A crew of contractor workers were opening a trench to make cathodic protection improvements on a gas pipeline, when the pipeline
suddenly failed, releasing a significant amount of gas.
Occupation: Seismic Worker
While placing a battery on a lagoon for a seismic survey a worker approached the centre of the lagoon (too far from shore) without a
lifejacket.
Type of incident: Electrocution
Occupation: Drilling Operator
Raising a posytrack the equipment structure made contact with an electrical line (2400 volts). The drilling operator stepped down
from the truck, touching the ground and receiving an electric shock.
Occupation: Welder
While laying pipeline on a trench the crane wireline broke and the pipe struck the welder, who at that time was inside the trench.
Occupation: Engineer
During the construction of a drilling site a compacting truck moving backwards struck the site engineer who was inattentive, talking
on the cellular phone.
64
2000 OGP
Venezuela, Unspecified;
Occupation: Unknown
During installation of a conductor pipe, a hammer guide fell from the conductor driving equipment striking the victim on the head.
Offshore
Victim Details: Ages: 28, 33, 42, 45
Occupations: Four Drilling Crew
While removing the drilling pipe from 4000ft. the well foundation failed causing the drilling platform to overturn.
Occupation: Drilling Worker
During a rapid descent of a drilling conductor, the pipe was suddenly stopped by the secondary block of the crane, causing a
structural member to fail under stress, being released and hitting the worker
Occupation: Diver
During the sheathing of a submerged pipe a diver was brought to the surface unconscious.
Occupation: Diver
While cutting a 12inch diameter pipe on the bottom of a lake a diver was struck by a sudden movement of the pipe.
2000 OGP
65
Appendix D
Significant incident reports by region
Africa
Onshore
Sudan, Drilling, 18/04/99, Struck by
Angola, Production, 25/01/99, Fall
Crane operator fell from ladder onto platform guard rail and
then onto lower platform level resulting in a fractured leg.
While cementing the 10 3/4 inch casing, the pressure built up

and almost burst the pipes which could have caused serious
injuries or fatalities. This was due to failure of cementing units
from lack of maintenance.
Sudan, Other, 06/07/99, Air transport incident
Nigeria, Drilling, 13/11/99, Explosions or burns
Explosive rupture of flowline followed by fire causing injuries to

four people and extensive damage to nearby properties.
A Twin Otter aircraft carrying field workers aborted the night

landing when the runaway lights suddenly went off as the
plane was descending and approaching the runway.
Sudan, Other, 03/09/99, Vehicle incident
Nigeria, Production, 14/10/99, Explosion or Burns
Explosion and subsequent damage during bunkering of potable

water.
Nigeria, Production, 16/11/99, Explosion or Burns
Lightning strike on crude oil storage tank 5007 at Qua Iboe

terminal resulting in fire and subsequent damage to floating
roof of tank.
While travelling on a dirt road, a passenger vehicle rolled over

when avoiding an oncoming truck which was travelling at high
speed and creating a lot of dust. There could have been a head
on collision with fatalities but the outcome was only severe
damage to the vehicle.
Offshore
Nigeria, Production, 12/12/99, Other
Crude oil storage tank seeped in the process of oil transfer

between storage tanks at the Quit tank farm. This resulted in a
discharge of 1200 bbls of crude into the secured bundwalls of
the tank.
Nigeria, Other, 04/11/99, Other
Civil disturbance/riots resulting in extensive damage and loss.

Nigeria, Production, 15/12/99, Other
A tanker, while berthing to load LPG, slammed against and

damage two of the BRT jetty fenders.
Nigeria, Production, 05/09/99, Struck by
Over pressure of rag tank resulting in failure of roof and side

welding.
Asia/Australasia
Onshore
Investigation completed and has concluded that the fire was a

result of an arson attack. Approximately US$600,000 of loss
including medical equipment, patient records and building
substantially damaged.
Australasia, Production, 16/08/99, Other
Person sustained muscle strain to his lower back during a

warehouse task involving movement and relocation of drill
subs. The injury resulted in 30 lost work days(LTI).
Indonesia, 15/09/99, Explosions or burns
A control panel room fire occurred, caused by an overheated

fan. The fire was extinguished with a wet sack rather than
portable fire extinguishers which could not be found.
Malaysia, Production, 09/12/99, Struck by
Bow anchor swung to the portside towards boat landing

resulting in extensive damage to the structures at the boat
landing and side of the scraper deck.
Pakistan, 19/06/99, Vehicle incident
Careless driving of a third party vehicle caused it to strike a

service truck that was following a company convoy.
Indonesia, Exploration, Explosions or burns
During a seismic survey, a primed explosive charge loaded into

a drill hole on a seismic line was brought to the surface when it
became stuck on the end of a loading pole. The detonator and
explosive were successfully separated, no injury occurred. This
was due to inadequate procedures for preloading of
Pakistan, 19/06/99, Vehicle incident
Driver of a highway vehicle fell asleep and struck a vehicle

parked alongside the roadway.
Vietnam, Production, 28/01/99, Explosions or burns
Indonesia, Production, 30/09/99, Explosions or burns
The community clinic was reported on fire at 03:50 hrs. Fire

brigade teams responded. The fire was under control at 04:-hrs. The clinic and contents were destroyed. No injuries.
66
Due to internal corrosion caused by the presence of CO2 and

water a massive amount of gas and mud was released on top of
an injection well around the surface liner (13 3/8). Business
interruption of 5MMSCFD for gas lift.
2000 OGP
Offshore
Indonesia, 01/11/99, Struck by
The ship came into contact with the mooring due to

communication failures in engine operations orders.
Australasia, Production, 21/05/99, Other
Person sustained soft tissue injury to his back whilst positioning

a sea container. The injury resulted in 7 lost work days(LTI).
Indonesia, 26/11/99, Air transport incident
A person walked under the tail boom of an operating
helicopter.
A platform being positioned struck an underwater pipeline,

causing damage to the pipeline but no leakage.
Broken crane fast line sling.

Indonesia, 20/11/99, Air transport incident
A passenger crossed under helicopter tail boom.
Myanmar, Production, Explosion or burns
Unplanned venting of gas during maintenance of PSVs due to

failure of permit system and incorrect isolation.
An explosion inside a rubbish incinerator resulted in flames

burning an employees face and palm.
Thailand, Production, 17/05/99, Air transport incident
One of the two helicopter engines failed during flight.

An ignition of lube oil leakage that accumulated at 1100 degree

Fahrenheit exhaust collector duct of the turbine compressor.
Lube oil leaked from Aft Power Turbine bearing caused by loss
of pressure on the air seal of the bearing system due to the
bursting of a 3/4 flexible hose.
Thailand, Production, 12/02/99, Explosions or burns
Failure of isolation plug during modification to replace leaking

32 valve.
An aluminium gas cylinder containing carbon dioxide exploded

while it was in the cylinder storage on the exterior wall of a
laboratory building. The cylinder fractured into 3 pieces that
were propelled a distance of up to 400 feet.
Gas leak from 6 ball valve down stream PSV 2900, loss gas
nomination 59 mmsct.
A gas leak from corroded instrument flange due to CO2 44% in

gas stream.
During a routine check at the cellar deck, an operator

discovered smoke and flame inside the cover of a cooling fan
motor of the main oil pump.
Thailand, Production, 16/08/99, Other
Christmas tree cross over failed due to improper coupling

during pressure test.
Thailand, Production, 22/07/99, Struck By
A power battery burst when it started manually from B-service

switchgear.
Flowlines X-over failed during pressure test.

Thailand, Production, 27/11/99, Struck by
Indonesia, 17/12/99, Fall
A wireline supervisor fell into the sea at a boat landing - he was

trying to jump to using a jumping rope.
Riser platform desander (10 bars) lid popped off due to

improper installation.
Australia, Production, 12/12/99, Other
The injury was sustained whilst lowering heavy rope overboard

for tow tug. The injury was only reported later as pain only
increased gradually (+/- hrs after end of shift). The Clough
Doctor on site made a full examination. He was treated with
pain relief and muscle relaxants.
Indonesia, 23/07/99, Other
Spatter from the condenser fan on the 4th floor closed the
HVAC unit.
Contractor lost radio communication contact with a hired

tugboat for 60 hours, although the tugboat finally arrived safely
at the destination.
The alignment of pipelines being repaired was found to be

different than shown on as-built drawings. This discovery was
made prior to cutting the line, avoiding possible damage.
2000 OGP
67
Europe
Onshore
UK, 22/08/99, Explosions or Burns
Italy, Exploration, 28/10/99, Struck by
The accident occurred during a 2D seismic acquisition program.

One of the line-clearing crewmembers received a minor cut to
his right foot. The woodcutter was taken to the hospital, and
dismissed 20 minutes later with 3 stitches and a tetanus
injection. The accident occurred when he was cutting some
bushes with a small axe when he misjudged the resistance of a
dried branch. When he landed the blow, the branch broke off
and the edge of the axe scratched the leg just above the safety
boot, cutting through the coverall and the jeans he was
wearing underneath.
Gas release. The investigation team suggest that the gas most
probably came from the open hazardous drains system due to
presence of aviation fuel. The pressure build up of gas in the
drains was sufficient to bubble through the drain seals.
Gas release during circulating ops. due to gas bubbles being

liberated at the surface.
Gas Release from cooler during venting operations following

rupture of bursting discs.
UK, 28/11/99, Other
UK, Other, 24/06/99, Struck by
Struck by doors whilst exiting lift, sustained bruising and muscle

strain attempting to force doors open.
Offshore
Oil release from export pump suction pipework caused by the

following: A pressure spike in excess of the capability of the
flanged joint occurred when the pump was stopped. 2. The
integrity of the replacement pipework had never been
confirmed prior to use.
UK, 27/08/99, Struck by
The Netherlands, Production, Other
A gas/condensate leakage occurred at a gas compressor on the

manned platform discovered by an operator. This was found to
be due to incorrect ring joint being used (carbon steel instead
of stainless).
UK, 10/09/99, Air transport incident
Whilst removing equipment by helicopter from the flare after

maintenance, the equipment was dropped by the helicopter.
No-one was injured.
Gas Release from recycle valve on compressor.

Gas Release at the Shale Shakers during drilling operations.

Possible gas bubbles lining the annulus brought to surface and
gassed off.
Gas release from flowline that was under construction caused

by a) Inadequate isolation of flowline from live system, b)
Confusion as to status of flowline when permit signed off. and
c) Procedure for isolations does not clearly define an isolation
philosophy to be applied to construction tie ins to live systems.
Whilst carrying out a pressure test on a safety relief valve, after

blowing down valve, and undoing the instrument tubing, the
pressure in the valve blew off the fitting thus striking left thumb
causing a 2.5 inch cut. Individual did not follow correct
procedures for bleeding down pressure.
Failure of MWD probe lifting attachment. A defective lifting tool

was supplied, and used to lift the MWD probe. The nature of
the defect resulted in the components separating, and the
probe falling to the deck. Also Contractor did not follow his own
companys written assembly procedures for making up the
probe and handling tool. Had he done so, he would have
recognised that the lifting tool was defective, and ineffective
locking to the MWD probe had occurred.
Tugger rope failure. The steel rope swaged fitting has, over a
period of time, been fouling the overhead sheave block as the
lubricator has been raised to and from the wireline B.O.P.
assembly. This contributed in bending the wire at the swage
position, resulting in the subsequent progressive weakening
and parting of the tugger steel rope. Further investigations on
the rope revealed that Internal corrosion of the rope was also a
contributory factor.
Failure of electrical components within UPS invertor cubical.

Rectifiers no 1 & 2 had tripped, inverter no. 1 tripped, inverter
no. 2 main fuse blown. On opening the panel door (found hot
to the touch) black smoke was seen to be coming from three
smoothing capacitors in the control system. These had
expanded and distorted the main copper bus bar.
Crane ponderball was overhoisted into sheave guard due to: 1.

Lack of care and attention to lifting operation at time of
incident; 2. Operating the crane with limit switch overrides on;
and 3. Inadequate warning that limits have been passed.
Over pressurisation of Lube/Seal Oil vessel resulting in

significant distortion of the tank - investigation still ongoing as
to the root cause.
Gas release during maintenance work due to insufficient/

incomplete isolations.
Gas release into Mod 05, safe area, caused by gas migrating
back through a corrosion hole in the drains system.
68
2000 OGP
During the changeout of Upper I.B.O.P. Top Drive the sling and
pull lift arrangement at the block failed due to excessive strain.
The rigging set up was not configured to the safest or optimum
vantage in the event of the block moving. It was not however,
anticipated there would be any requirement for the block to
move. The written work instructions for the task were not
adequate or specific enough. The Risk Assessment provided was
not detailed or specific enough. There was insufficient rigging
expertise at the worksite to recognise an unsatisfactory rigging
arrangement.
Technician was pressure testing a valve and, when testing was

complete, a fitting blew off whilst depressurising was in
progress. This caused the operators hand to be hit by the high
pressure release.
crane. The hose bundle missed a worker in the vicinity by

several feet. Forks should have been used rather than slings, as
forks are the only safe means of handling wooden pallets.
UK, Production, 25/05/99, Caught Between
Employee suffered a broken pelvis when he was caught

between lift basket and vessel.
UK, Production, 10/01/99, Fall
A blaster/painter was found at the bottom of stairs. He

sustained lacerations to his head and injury to his lower back.
No one witnessed the fall and the injured was unaware of what
happened. The stairway was in good condition and the
weather was good.
Roof seam on MeOH tank burst and individual thrown against

scaffold support resulting in broken and dislocated left ankle.
During diving programme, (removal of a subsea valve actuator),

the valve was dropped during the lifting operation and fell to
the sea bed. No one was injured.
Stepped backwards onto twist lock rail, falling backwards on to

deck twisting ankle and straining back.
UK, Drilling, 13/03/99, Fall
Long term contractor did not secure ladder whilst spray

painting.
UK, Production, 03/01/99, Other
Standby vessel lost power and drifted towards the platform. SBV
regained power one hour later and reported normal operation.
UK, Drilling, 17/08/99, Struck by
3x4 bulk hoses dropped 15 feet from a pallet on a rig, when

the pallet partially collapsed during move from main deck to
level to upper deck level. The hoses had been prepared for
lifting by wrapping 2 canvas slings between horizontal
members of the pallet. The slings were then attached to the
UK, Production, 24/12/99, Other
Individual carrying ca. 5kg package suffered pain/strain to

lower back whilst stepping over coaming in access to
instrument workshop
FSU
Onshore
Turkmenistan, Drilling, Explosions or burns
A downhole explosion occurred in a well (gas lift) during an

attempt at nitrogen lifting which resulted in considerable
damage and high risk of blow-out. The well was killed and
cemented and abandoned. No exact cause identified at the
time of writing. No injuries occurred.
Middle East
Onshore
Offshore
Kuwait, Production, 01/04/99, Struck by
Iran, Other, 04/07/99, Struck by
Fire fighter struck by coupling on swinging hose while fire

fighting.
Piston and shaft ejected from a valve which failed under

pressure when connected to bottle nitrogen supply without
regulator during commissioning activities.
Qatar, Production, Struck by
Reboiler end cover (non-burner end) had blown off and

released fumes/smoke.
Qatar, Production, 28/05/99, Other
Qatar, Production, 19/09/99, Struck by
Whilst using a grinding machine to cut 150mm iron ductile

pipe, the labourer received severe facial injuries when the
grinding shield attached to the machine he was using broke.
While carrying out quarterly checks on the pumping station Gas

Detection system, it was found that 9 toxic heads were not
hooked up to the MSA gas panel in the auxiliary room with
some of them disconnected at the panel and some
disconnected at the field junction box.
2000 OGP
69
North America
Onshore
Offshore
USA, 25/11/99, Drowning
USA, Production, 20/03/99, Explosions or burns
Victim slipped into swamp whilst marking route for dredger. It is

thought that the air trapped in his waders caused him to float
feet up
USA, Production, 07/02/99, Explosions or burns
While installing an ignition system on a generator, an employee

inadvertently crossed the magnetic pickup wires. An explosion
occurred when the employee attempted to start the generator.
Cause of the explosion was a leaking fuel gas valve and the
incorrectly wired ignition system. Fortunately, there were no
injuries associated with the event.
One of our facilities reported an explosion in the laundry room

of the living quarters. There were 72 workers on the platform at
the time of the accident, 28 company and 44 drilling rig
personnel. All personnel were accounted for and five minor first
aid injuries were reported. Damage to the 1st floor of the living
quarters building was estimated between $25M and $35M. Gas
entered the laundry room through the domestic water supply
line, collected in the laundry room and was ignited by a clothes
dryer. The entry point into the laundry room was a clothes
washer that was operating at the time. Gas was introduced into
the domestic water supply through a water fill-line on a
compressor. The water fill-line was installed on the compressor
to aid in the inspection of the Level Safety High-Low (LSH-L)
device associated with the 1st stage scrubber vessel.
USA, Production, 25/03/99, Other
3 employees injured when the boat they were travelling on

collided with another vessel.
South America
Onshore
Colombia, Other, 13/08/99, Electrocution
Colombia, Drilling, 21/02/99, Fall
Whilst working on the mud tanks, a patio hand stood on the

edge of some grating, which moved from its support and
flipped over. The patio hand fell and just avoided falling into the
mud tank by supporting himself by his elbows until pulled clear
by colleagues.
Colombia, Drilling, 29/06/99, Vehicle incident
A loaded truck of the drilling contractor lost its breaks coming

down from a hill where a production well is located. The driver
and his assistant decided to jump out of the truck cabin when
they both realised they had lost control of the vehicle. Only the
driver suffered a fracture in the heel of his left leg. Adequate
implementation of standards for subcontractors, periodical
revision of the critical systems of the equipment and training
have been recommended.
One electrician received a high voltage discharge of 13.2 kv,

while he was connecting a submersible pump of a production
well from the high voltage network. The operator did not notice
that electricity was being supplied by a second source that
consisted of an additional generation unit. He proceeded to
earth the circuit connected to the same network. The worker
suffered minor injuries that caused 15 days of lost time,
although this was a high potential incident. The fact that there
was more than one feeder was ignored because the operation
was conducted assuming total isolation of the circuit. All
temporary facilities should meet specific procedures for
modifications and ensure that work is conducted isolated from
live conductors and other generation sources, and is properly
discharged and connected to earth.
Venezuela, Drilling, 07/04/99, Electrocution
A contractor worker undressing on the transformer room

touched and energised part on a 13.8 kv. -440v transformer,
receiving an electric shock.
Colombia, Exploration, 02/11/99, Air transport incident
The pilot of a Bell 212 Helicopter released the hook to unload

supplies for a seismic survey at the moment when one assistant
was just under the aircraft. The worker was hit on his head and
his left arm. It was recommended that proper training and due
authorisation should be given before unloading operations are
commenced.
Venezuela, Drilling, 27/09/99, Struck by
A casing spike was being raised by a hoist forklift; reaching a

height of 1.5 m. The forklift operator began to move in reverse,
hitting a production pipe and releasing the load which hit a
worker standing close by.
Venezuela, Other, Explosions or burns
During site preparation activities for a new infill well a motor

grader collided with an existing well head snapping off a
needle valve. The well had been classified as inactive but it had
not been made safe or abandoned. A leak of gas and light oil
resulted. No injuries resulted and the leak was eventually
contained.
70
2000 OGP
Venezuela, Production, 21/04/99, Explosions or burns
Approximately 50 minutes after opening the main valve on the

well there was an explosion and fire due to a pipe failure
caused by external corrosion. The gas ignited upon contact
with a 230,000 volt power line located about 10 meters from
the release.
A furnace explosion on a tank farm resulted in major damage to

the furnace structure. The furnace was on service at the time
the flame extinguished and the SDV to the burner did not close,
allowing gas accumulation and explosion.
Venezuela, Production, Explosions or burns
Offshore
Trinidad, Drilling, 25/10/99, Drowning
While performing dive operations in close proximity to platform,

the dynamically positioned dive boat lost positioning capability
and collided with platform. The vessel immediately retrieved
their divers and pulled away from platform.
Venezuela, Production, Explosions or burns
A gas leak on a compressor ignited at Lake Maracaibo.

Production of 23.7 TBD was down for 5 days.
Venezuela, Production, 08/10/99, Struck by
A gas blowout through the casing on the well following the

cementing process was caused due to a hydrostatic pressure
loss during the hardening of the cement.
A collision of a work boat with a production well during the

night caused severe damage to the crew.
A company worker placed a 2,500V protection lid on top of the

equipment, causing a short circuit and with the movement of
the fuses caused an electrical arc that reached the left hand of
the worker.
2000 OGP
71
Appendix E
Restricted workday analyses
Not all companies include in their safety data the category restricted workday case (RWDC),
which covers injuries and occupational incidents which are severe enough to prevent the person
concerned from performing normal duties, but not so severe that lighter duties cannot be performed.
For the analyses in this appendix, data is only used where there is a clear indication that incidents
resulting in restricted work are collected. With this restriction, the database of hours worked is
725 million, 61% of all hours.
E.1 Overall RWDC + LTI frequency

RWDC+LTI frequency - company & contractor
6
Overall
Contractor
Company
Overall
2.63
(10% better)*
Company
Contractor
2.07
2.89
(8% worse)
(17% better)
Onshore
Offshore
2.20
3.97
(13% better)
(5% better)
*Relative to 1998 result

4
The overall frequency improved significantly from

2.92 in 1998 to 2.63 in 1999.
The overall improvement owed entirely to contractor performance which improved significantly from
3.47 to 2.89 in 1999. Company performance deteriorated significantly.
Improvements were achieved both onshore and offshore.

0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
RWDC+LTI frequency - onshore & offshore

6
Overall
Offshore
Onshore
There is a general trend of falling frequency over the

last 5 years overall and also a falling trend for contractors. However, for companies there has been a rise in
the past two years, in contrast to LTIF. Is it that more
cases that would have been treated as a lost workday
case in previous years are now being treated as cases of
restricted work?
The trend onshore and offshore mirrors that of the overall trend.
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
72
2000 OGP
E.2 Severity
Overall
12.1 days
(9% more)*
Company
Contractor
21.3 days
8.7 days
(60% more)
(15% fewer)
Onshore
Offshore
10.3 days
15.4 days
(2% fewer)
(26% more)
* Relative to average 1997-98 result

Many companies do not have the RWDC category of incident, and even fewer collect data on days of restricted work.
The database is 527 million hours worked, just 44% of
the total database.
A total of almost 14 man-years (5171 days) was
lost as a result of restricted workday cases, in the
sense that normal duties could not be performed.
This compares with 115 man-years reported lost as
a result of lost time injuries (on a data base just over
twice as large).
Severity of restriced workday cases company & contractor

average days of restricted work per RWDC
Company
1997-1998
1999
Contractor
The average number of days lost to restricted

work per case increased in 1999, most noticeably
among company staff and offshore. The reason is
unknown.
Company staff lost over twice as many days as contractors per average case.
The findings accord reasonably well with those for the
severity of lost workday cases. However, the LWDC
severity for contractor personnel was greater than that
for company personnel, the opposite to the RWDC
severity result. Perhaps in the case of contractor personnel there is less opportunity for assignment to lighter
duties following an injury.
Overall
12
15
18
21
24
Severity of restriced workday cases onshore & offshore

average days of restricted work per RWDC
Onshore
1997-1998
1999
Offshore
Overall
12
15
18
21
24
2000 OGP
73
E.3 RWDC + LTI frequency by region

Overall
2.63
(10% better)
1.16
1.56
4.59
0.94
2.67
3.86
4.55
(38% better)
(8% better)
(5% worse)
(69% better)
(43% worse)
(24% better)
(4% better)
Africa
Asia-Australasia
Europe
FSU
Middle East
North America
South America
Relative to 1995-98 average (1997-98 for FSU)

RWDC+LTI frequency - regions
The FSU, Africa and Asia/Australasia produced

results significantly better than the average for all
regions, and in Europe and the Americas the results
were significantly worse.

6
1999
1995-1998 average
1997-1998 only
Africa, FSU and North America performed significantly better than in previous years and the Middle
East significantly worse.
3
1999 average 2.63
2
South
America
Europe
North
America
Africa
Middle
East
FSU
Asia/
Australasia
The order in which the regions are shown in the chart is

the same as for LTIF (chapter 3), i.e. region with worst
LTIF on left, best on right.
The rank order of performance of regions is broadly the
same as on the LTIF criterion, with the exception of
Africa, which is close to best on the LTI + RWDC frequency yardstick, yet only middling on LTIF. A possible explanation is that there is a lower propensity in
Africa to treat an injury as deserving assignment to
lighter duties.
74
2000 OGP
E.4 RWDC + LTI frequency by function

Overall
2.63
(9% better)*
1.22
4.56
2.55
2.53
(50% better)
(17% better)
(2% worse)
(29% worse)
Exploration
Drilling
Production
Other
* Relative to the average for 1995-98

Throughout this section, the order of display in the charts
is the order of LTIF performance recorded in chapter 4,
i.e. the function/region on the left of the chart is the worst
performer on the LTIF criterion, and the one on the right
is the best performer on that count.
RWDC+LTI frequency - functions

6
1999
1995-1998 average
5
The performance on this criterion in exploration

and drilling was significantly better in 1999 than in
the previous four years, and in the other category
significantly worse.
Exploration performed significantly better than
the all function average and drilling significantly
worse.
The relative positioning of the functions accords with
that for the LTIF yardstick.
1997-1998 only
1999 average 2.63
Drilling
Production
Other
Exploration
2000 OGP
75
E.4.1 Exploration
Exploration RWDC+LTI frequency by region
14
Company 1999
12
12
10
10
Company1999 average 1.16
North
America
South
Asia/
America Australasia
Europe
Africa
Middle
East
FSU
North
America
South
Asia/
America Australasia
Europe
Africa
Middle
East
FSU
The overall result for exploration contractors at 1.24

was significantly better than the average frequency
of 2.71 over the past two years. All regions except
Europe improved, but none significantly.
On the company side, the frequency overall

improved, though not significantly. Africa produced
a significant improvement, whilst in North America performance deteriorated.
The worst contractor result in 1999 was recorded in

South America, the best (zero) in the Former Soviet
Union, as was the case in the last two years.
In Africa and the Middle East, contractors had

better results than companies.
76
14
Contractor 1999
2000 OGP
E.4.2 Drilling
Drilling RWDC+LTI frequency by region
14
12
14
Contractor 1999
Company 1999

12
10
10
Europe
FSU
Africa
South
America
North
Asia/
America Australasia
Middle
East
The drilling function, both company and contractor sectors, had the highest incidence of all functions of restricted and lost workdays. The same was
true for contractors on the LTIF indicator.
Drilling contractors in Africa performed significantly better than in the years 1997-98. No other
region had changes that were significant.
Europe
FSU
Africa
South
America
North
Asia/
America Australasia
Middle
East
Performance in Africa was also significantly better

than the average across all regions, as was that of
Asia/Australasia. Europe was significantly worse.
Very few company employees are involved in drilling activities, so few results have statistical significance. Nevertheless, the overall result for company
drilling was a significant improvement over the average for 1997-98, primarily due to marked improvement in Africa. Four regions had no restricted
workday cases.
2000 OGP
77
E.4.3 Production
Production RWDC+LTI frequency by region
14
14
12
Contractor 1999
Company 1999
12
10
10

2
South
America
Europe
North
America
FSU
Africa
Middle
East
Asia/
Australasia
Frequencies of restricted/lost workdays in production contractor activities reduced significantly in

Africa, Europe, and the Americas compared to the
years 1997-98.
Contractor results in the FSU, Africa and Asia/
Australasia were significantly better than the average for all regions, and in Europe and North America significantly worse.
South
America
Europe
North
America
Africa
Middle
East
Asia/
Australasia
The overall frequency for companies was significantly worse than the average for 1997-98 and
worse than contractors achieved. Europe in particular and to a lesser extent the Middle East were the
regions where the company frequencies increased
most, and to levels worse than contractors.
78
FSU
2000 OGP
E.4.4 Other
Other RWDC+LTI frequency by region
27.2
18.9
14
14
Contractor 1999
Company 1999
12
12
10
10
Company1999 average 0.78
FSU
Europe
North
America
Middle
East
South
America
Africa
Asia/
Australasia
In the other category, the overall contractor result

showed a significant deterioration in performance
relative to 1997-98.
The principal contributor to the deterioration was
South America where the frequency was over 5
times the level in 1997-98 and over 6 times the
1999 average.
FSU
Europe
North
America
Middle
East
South
America
Africa
Asia/
Australasia
The anomalous FSU contractor performance in

1997-98 was rectified in 1999; the population of
hours worked is so small that it is not surprising
that anomalies occur.
The rank order of performance is not dissimilar to
that on the LTIF yardstick.
2000 OGP
79
Appendix F
Glossary of terms
Accident severity
Explosion or burn
The average number of lost days per lost time injury

incident.
Incident caused by burns, toxic gases, asphyxiation or

other effects of fires and explosions. Explosion means
a rapid combustion, not an overpressure.
Caught between
Injury where injured person is crushed or similarly
injured between machinery moving parts or other
objects, caught between rolling tubulars or objects being
moved, crushed between a ship and a dock, or like incidents.
Company employee
Any person employed by and on the payroll of the
reporting Company, including corporate and management personnel specifically involved in exploration and
production. Persons employed under short-service contracts are included as Company employees provided
they are paid directly by the Company.
Incident caused by falling off, over or onto something.
Fatal accident rate (FAR)

The number of company/contractor fatalities per
100,000,000 (100 million) hours worked.
Fatal incident rate (FIR)

The number of fatal incidents per 100,000,000 (100
million) hours. Incidents involving a third party fatality
are included (since 1998), provided they directly result
from company or contractor operations.
First aid case
Contractor
A Contractor is defined as an individual or organisation performing work for the reporting company, following verbal or written agreement. Sub-contractor is
synonymous with Contractor.
Contractor employee
Cases that are not sufficiently serious to be reported as

medical treatment or more serious cases but nevertheless require minor first aid treatment, eg. dressing on a
minor cut, removal of a splinter from a finger. First aid
cases are not recordable incidents.
Hours worked
Any person employed by a Contractor or Contractors

Sub-Contractor(s) who is directly involved in execution
of prescribed work under a contract with the reporting
Company.
Drilling
All exploration, appraisal and production drilling and
workover as well as their administrative, engineering,
construction, materials supply and transportation
aspects. It includes site preparation, rigging up and
down and restoration of the drilling site upon work completion. Drilling includes ALL exploration, appraisal
and production drilling.
The actual hours worked are recorded in the case of

onshore operations. For offshore workers, the hours
worked are calculated on a 12 hours workday. Consequently average hours worked per year will vary from
1600 to 2300 hours/person (averaging 2000) depending upon the shift on/off ratio. Vacations and leaves are
excluded.
Hours worked in year (000s)

Hours are rounded to the nearest thousand.
Lost time injury (LTI)

A fatality or lost workday case. The number of LTIs is
the sum of fatalities and lost workday cases.
Exploration
Geophysical, seismographic and geological operations,
including their administrative and engineering aspects,
construction, maintenance, materials supply, and transportation of personnel and equipment; excludes drilling.
80
Fall
Lost time injury frequency (LTIF)

The number of lost time injuries (fatalities + lost workday cases) incidents per 1,000,000 hours worked.
2000 OGP
Lost workday case (LWDC)

Any work related injury or illness other than a fatal
injury which results in a person being unfit for work
on any day after the day of occurrence of the occupational injury. Any day includes rest days, weekend
days, leave days, public holidays or days after ceasing
employment.
Medical cause of death

This is the cause of death given on the death certificate. Where two types of causes are provided, such as
pulmonary oedema caused by inhalation of hot gases
from a fire, both are recorded.
are other examples of occupational illnesses which

should generally be included as occupational injuries.
Not included are illnesses resulting from infectious diseases (malaria, typhoid, cholera, etc.) or from food poisoning, seasickness and like ailments.
Occupational injury
Any injury such as a cut, fracture, sprain, amputation,
etc., which results from a work accident or from a single
instantaneous exposure in the work environment. Conditions resulting from animal bites, such as insect or
snake bites, and from one-time exposure to chemicals
are considered to be injuries.
Offshore work
Medical treatment case (MTC)

Cases that are not severe enough to be reported as fatalities or lost work day cases or restricted work day cases
but are more severe than requiring simple first aid treatment.
Number of days unfit for work
All activities and operations that take place at sea,

including major inland seas (eg. Caspian Sea) and other
inland seas directly connecting with oceans. Includes
transportation of people and equipment from shore to
the offshore location either by vessel or helicopter.
Onshore work
The sum total of calendar days (consecutive or otherwise) after the days of the occupational injuries on
which the employees involved were unfit for work and
did not work.
Number of employees
Average number of full-time and part-time employees,
calculated on a full-time basis, during the reporting
year.
Number of fatalities
The total number of Companys employees and or
Contractors employees who died as a result of an incident. Delayed deaths that occur after the incident are
included if the deaths were a direct result of the incident. For example, if a fire killed one person outright,
and a second died three weeks later from lung damage
caused by the fire, both are reported.
Occupational illness qualifying as occupational

injury
Any abnormal condition or disorder caused by exposure
to ambient factors associated with the work, for example, acute or chronic illness or disease caused by inhalation, absorption, ingestion or direct contact.
All activities and operations that take place within a

landmass, including those in swamps, rivers and lakes.
Activities in bays, in major inland seas, or in other
inland seas directly connected to oceans are counted as
offshore.
Other (as a category of work)

Major construction and fabrication activities and disassembly, removal and disposal (decommissioning) at
the end of the life of a facility. Includes factory construction of process plant, offshore installation, hook-up
and commissioning, and removal of redundant facilities. Also includes personnel and incidents that cannot
naturally be assigned to exploration, drilling or production.
Production
Petroleum and natural gas producing operations, including their administrative and engineering aspects, minor
construction, repairs, maintenance and servicing, materials supply, and transportation of personnel and equipment. It covers all mainstream production operations
including wireline. It does not cover production drilling and workover.
Hearing loss, malignancies, back injuries or other joint

and muscular disorders resulting from repeated stress
2000 OGP
81
Restricted workday case (RWDC)
Total recordable incident rate (TRIR)
Any work-related injury other than a fatality or lost

work day case which results in a person being unfit for
full performance of the regular job on any day after the
occupational injury. Work performed might be:
an assignment to a temporary job;
The number of recordable incidents (fatalities + lost

workday cases + restricted workday cases + medical
treatment cases) per 1,000,000 hours worked.
part-time work at the regular job;

continuation full-time in the regular job but not
performing all the usual duties of the job.
Where no meaningful restricted work is being performed, the incident is recorded as a lost workday case
(LWDC).
Struck by
Vehicle incident
Incidents involving motorised vehicles designed for
transporting people and goods over land, e.g.. cars,
buses, trucks. Pedestrians struck by a vehicle are classified as vehicle incidents. Fatal incidents from a mobile
crane would only be vehicle incidents if the crane were
being moved between locations.
Work-related injury
See occupational injury.
Incidents where injury results from being hit by moving

equipment and machinery, or by flying or falling
objects.
82
2000 OGP
Appendix G
Contributing companies
The table below shows the size of the database in thousands of hours worked for each contributing company
and whether reported data includes information on
contractor statistics, medical treatment cases, restricted
MTCs
RWDCs
LWDC
days
RWDC
days
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
partly
yes
partly
yes
50675
19170
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
partly
no
partly
no
6292
120139
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
no
no
no
no
no
Chevron
Conoco
92873
20700
yes
yes
yes
yes
mostly
partly
mostly
partly
mostly
partly
Denerco
DNO
324
286
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
no
DONG
Ecopetrol
1250
6957
yes
no
no
no
no
no
no
yes
no
no
Elf
ENI
32855
6979
yes
no
yes
no
no
no
yes
yes
no
no
Exxon
GNP
57716
9854
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
partly
yes
partly
no
2856
9554
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
no
Lasmo
Mrsk
12173
4506
yes
yes
partly
yes
partly
no
partly
yes
partly
no
Marathon
Mobil
2079
50534
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
mostly
yes
partly
yes
partly
Occidental
PDVSA
16824
112128
yes
yes
partly
yes
no
no
partly
yes
no
no
Petro-Canada
Petronas Carigali
10750
16009
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
partly
yes
Phillips Petroleum
Premier Oil
24962
8002
yes
yes
yes
mostly
yes
mostly
yes
no
yes
no
PTT
QGPC
3174
25869
yes
yes
yes
no
no
partly
partly
partly
no
no
Rasgas
Repsol
2247
10167
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
no
28380
293557
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Statoil
Texaco
35195
32028
yes
yes
yes
yes
partly
yes
no
mostly
no
mostly
Total
Triton
59010
1000
yes
yes
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
no
no
500
851
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
no
Company
Amerada Hess
Anadarko
ARCO
BG
BHP
BP Amoco
Hocol
Kuwait Oil
Saudi Aramco
Shell
Veba
Wintershall
Hours
Contractor
data
6008
3027
workday cases, and number of days lost following lost

workday and restricted workday cases. All company
submissions include data on numbers of fatalities and
lost workday cases.
2000 OGP
83
Appendix H
Countries represented
The tabulation shows the breakdown of reported hours
worked in regions and countries. Also shown are the
numbers of companies reporting data in each country.
The table does not necessarily show all hours worked in
the upstream petroleum sector in each country.
In particular, the hours in 3 countries are mainly those

of company staff only. In Italy, only 14 % of the hours
are contractor hours, in Kuwait 11%, whilst in Saudi
Arabia less than 0.1% of the hours reported are worked
by contractors. The global average is 67%.
No. reporting
companies
Hours
(000s)
Algeria
Angola
5
8
7116
25941
Cameroon
Chad
3
1
2538
416
Russia
Turkmenistan
Congo
Dem Rep Congo
3
2
3099
1660
Middle East
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
4
1
48288
2638
Gabon
Libya
5
3
7927
3256
Mozambique
Namibia
1
1
6
72
Niger
Nigeria
1
1
South Africa
Sudan
Tunisia
Country
No. reporting
companies
Hours
(000s)
3
6
4167
37968
10
3
3732
1663
Bahrain
Iran
1
3
22
8094
Kuwait
Oman
5
5
11751
63584
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
6
2
31350
28384
45
137646
Syria
Turkey
3
2
14296
174
1
1
21
9854
UAE
Yemen
4
1
8165
1161
1946
8
2
30251
39
17
155886
Africa
Country
FSU
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
North America
Europe
2
2
7067
525
France
Germany
2
2
4871
2219
Italy
Netherlands
4
7
8242
14777
Argentina
Bolivia
4
3
14593
3381
Norway
Spain
10
1
54773
987
Brazil
Colombia
3
7
160
32343
UK
20
82254
Ecuador
Falkland Islands
1
1
1002
4
Australia
Bangladesh
8
2
18174
3824
Peru
Trinidad
4
5
4473
4519
13
134815
Brunei
China
2
7
17548
5765
India
Indonesia
1
8
536
58113
Malaysia
Myanmar
3
2
31843
8149
New Zealand
Pakistan
1
7
1110
8920
Papua New Guinea

Philippines
2
1
5050
6192
Thailand
Vietnam
6
4
6628
1447
Asia-Australasia
84
Canada
Mexico
Denmark
Finland
USA
South America
Venezuela
2000 OGP
What is OGP?
e International Association of Oil & Gas Producers encompasses the worlds leading
private and state-owned oil & gas companies, their national and regional associations, and
major upstream contractors and suppliers.
Vision
To work on behalf of all the worlds upstream companies to promote responsible and
profitable operations.
Mission
To represent the interests of the upstream industry to international regulatory and
legislative bodies.
To achieve continuous improvement in safety, health and environmental performance
and in the engineering and operation of upstream ventures.
To promote awareness of Corporate Social Responsibility issues within the industry
and among stakeholders.
Objectives
To improve understanding of the upstream oil and gas industry, its achievements and
challenges and its views on pertinent issues.
To encourage international regulators and other parties to take account of the
industrys views in developing proposals that are effective and workable.
To become a more visible, accessible and effective source of information about the
global industry, both externally and within member organisations.
To develop and disseminate best practices in safety, health and environmental
performance and the engineering and operation of upstream ventures.
To improve the collection, analysis and dissemination of safety, health and
environmental performance data.
To provide a forum for sharing experience and debating emerging issues.
To enhance the industrys ability to influence by increasing the size and diversity of
the membership.
To liaise with other industry associations to ensure consistent and effective approaches
to common issues.
209-215 Blackfriars Road

London SE1 8NL
United Kingdom
Telephone: +44 (0)20 7633 0272
Fax: +44 (0)20 7633 2350
165 Bd du Souverain
4th Floor
B-1160 Brussels, Belgium
Telephone: +32 (0)2 566 9150
Fax: +32 (0)2 566 9159
Internet site: www.ogp.org.uk
e-mail: reception@ogp.org.uk

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99 Safety Performance of The Global E&P Industry

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Safety performance of the

global E&P industry

Report No. 6.86/305

Consistent high quality database and guidelines

Internationally recognised source of industry information

Safety performance of the global

Safety performance of the global E&P industry 1999

5.1 Overall company results ............................................................................................................................. 33

Database dimensions .................................................................................................................. 42

International Association of Oil & Gas Producers

Except as used in the expression significant incident,

Wherever practicable, results are presented graphically.

Safety performance of the global E&P industry 1999

There were 84 company and contractor fatalities

The most common types of incident leading to

The contractor fatal accident rate was 8.1 fatalities

Impact of air crash

International Association of Oil & Gas Producers

1.2 Lost time injuries

The average time lost per injury was 28.5 days.

The frequency of lost time injuries reduced to a

There were 2239 injuries resulting in at least one

1.3 Total recordable incidents

Safety performance of the global E&P industry 1999

There were 84 reported fatalities in 1999. In 1998

which resulted in 9 company lives lost as well as 3

Three companies between them reported 18 third

Explosions in South America and Africa led to 6

The 84 fatalities - 19 company and 65 contractor

Africa and the South America accounted for two

Nine incidents resulted in multiple fatalities. The

International Association of Oil & Gas Producers

2.2 Fatal accident rates (FAR)

*The per cent. in parentheses relate to the 1998 results

The significant improvement in fatal accident rate

per 100 million hours worked

The same comment applies to the significant

The offshore FAR deteriorated from 6.58 in 1998

Fatal accident rate - onshore & offshore

The major air crash in 1998 distorts the 10-year FAR

Over the last 10 years, there is also a more noticeably

A trend of improvement can also be seen onshore, but

Safety performance of the global E&P industry 1999

2.3 Fatal incident rate (FIR)

For the second year, incidents resulting in a fatal injury

Without third party incidents

Fatal incident rate - company & contractors

Only 3 companies reported third party fatalities.

Fatal incident rate - onshore & offshore

International Association of Oil & Gas Producers

2.4 Fatality causes

The number of incidents that led to one or more fatalities was:

Safety performance of the global E&P industry 1999

2.5 Fatality demography

Number of fatalities by age group for 1998-1999

International Association of Oil & Gas Producers

2.6 Lost time injury frequency (LTIF)

On the indicator of lost time injuries per million

There were 2239 injuries resulting in at least one

Not only was the overall industry performance

Lost time injury frequency - onshore & offshore

Contractor performance has continued to close on that

Safety performance of the global E&P industry 1999