TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

363 P. Casal St., Quiapo, Manila

Project in

PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPORT PROCESSES

Submitted by:
FADERA, SONNET F.
NOTADO, NICA PATRICIA S.
PULGAR, GIAN MARK T.
RAVIZ, JAMES LAURENCE D.

Submitted to:
ENGR. JOPETH M. RAMIS
Instructor

September 1, 2015

INTRODUCTION
Air conditioner refrigerant is a chemical substance that air conditioner units use. These refrigerants
absorb heat from low-pressure, low temperature evaporator and condensing at a higher pressure, high
temperature condenser. Air conditioning alters the properties of air specifically temperature and humidity by
distributing the conditioned air throughout a given space to establish a more comfortable room
environment. Air conditioning is a process that simply removes heat from an area that is not wanted and
transfers that heat to an area that makes no difference. The air conditioner itself does not create heat, it just
transfers heat. Air conditioning treats the air inside a room by reducing the humidity because cool air cant
carry as much moisture as warm air therefore stabilizing the moisture inside a room.
Air conditioning employs the same operating principles and basic components as a home
refrigerator. Refrigerators use energy (usually electricity) to transfer heat from the cool interior of the
refrigerator to the relatively warm surroundings of a home. Likewise, an air conditioner uses energy to
transfer heat from the interior of a home to the relatively warm outside environment. In choosing the right
kind of air conditioning, you should first determine the size of a room, if a room is heavily shaded or is
directly hit by the sun, and how many people regularly occupy the room. In considering these factors, you
can determine the most effective type of air conditioning needed in your room. Having a big room with an
insufficient cooling system will also be useless in a hot day and also having a small room with an
overwhelming amount of air conditioning will just result to waste of energy and money.
Air conditioners forces special compounds known as refrigerants to evaporate and condense over
and over again in a closed system of coils. When hot air flows over the cold, low-pressure evaporator coils,
the refrigerant inside absorbs heat as it changes from a liquid to a gaseous state. To keep cooling
efficiently, the air conditioner has to convert the refrigerant gas back to a liquid again. To do that, a
compressor puts the gas under high pressure, a process that creates unwanted heat. All the extra heat
created by compressing the gas is then evacuated to the outdoors with the help of a second set of coils
called condenser coils, and a second fan. As the gas cools, it changes back to a liquid, and the process
starts all over again. Think of it as an endless, elegant cycle: liquid refrigerant, phase conversion to a gas/
heat absorption, compression and phase transition back to a liquid again.

It's easy to see that there are two distinct things going on in an air conditioner. Refrigerant is
chilling the indoor air, and the resulting gas is being continually compressed and cooled for conversion back
to a liquid again.

METHODOLOGY
The research started in collecting data by measuring the dimensions of the consultation room, such
as the length, width, and height. Also, the maximum capacity of persons allowed in the consultation room
was determined. After the dimensions were measured, the maintaining temperature of the consultation
room was also determined as well as the temperature of the surroundings, then the power output of the
bulbs and air-conditioner were determined. After the preliminary measures were done, the heat transfer
was calculated using the heat transfer using convection (from air to people). Also, the thermodynamic
properties of air were determined using interpolation from Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook. After the
necessary information were interpolated, the heat dissipated by the people, bulbs were calculated as well
as convective heat transfer. We arrived at the number of air conditioning units equal to 1.165 or just 1.
Summary of findings will be discussed on the succeeding parts .

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
In the design of College of Arts Consultation Room, location must be considered. Remember that
due to its topography, this room receive much radiation from the sun during the noontime, in which all T.I.P
buildings are quite exposed. The doors of the room also needs consideration, since the entrance to this
room is located in front of the C-213 and beside C-212. Thus in the front line of busy lanes of students
going to and fro. Due to this accessibility will be a challenge in some point in time. Lastly, the number of
maximum occupants in this room is limited to 15 persons only.

DATA AND RESULTS

Fig 1. Shows a 3D box-type model of the room under consideration.

Fig 2. Shows the Floor Plan of the room under consideration

DIMENSIONS OF THE ROOM

Length (in feet)
Width (in feet)
Height (in feet)

30 ft.
6.4 ft.
8.25ft.

Design Consideration
Criterion
Maximum Number of People in
the Consultation Room
Amount of Heat dissipated by
each person
(in kilowatts)
Amount of Heat dissipated by
CFLs
(in kilowatts)
Total Surface Area of the Room
(in square meter)
Average Temperature Outside
the Room
Temperature of Air-conditioned
Room
Assuming atmospheric
conditions

Value
15 persons
0.14660 kW
0.02609 kW
2
91.519 m

28 C
18 C
P=1atm

CALCULATIONS
T f=

28+18
+273.25=296.15 K
2

From the thermodynamic properties of Air from the Perrys Chemical Engineering Handbook for
(T=296.15 K and P=0.1Mpa)
Temperature
(in K)

Cp
(in KJ/mol K)

Density
3
(in mol /dm )

Thermal
Conductivity
(in
mW /m K

Viscosity
(in Pa s)

100
296.15
300

0.030116
0.020975
0.020796

0.12283
0.04169
0.040103

9.4692
26.058
26.384

7.1068
18.3169
18.537

Converting the properties given in SI units we have, and computing for the Convective Heat Transfer Rate.
Thermodynamic Properties
Cp (in KJ/mol K)
k (kW/m K)

Value
0.7372
5
2.6058 x 10

Viscosity (Pa s)

18.3169 x 106

Density ( kg /m

1.18

)
Pr=

Pr=

Gr=

Cp
k

( 0.7372 ) ( 18.3169 x 106 )

=0.511
2.6058 x 105

g T 3 2
2

1
( 9.81 )( 2818 ) ( 2.515 ) ( 1.18 )
(
296.15 )
Gr=
3

( 18.3169 x 106 )

Gr=2.18 x 1010

Nu=0.1 ( GrPr )

1
3

1
10 3

Nu=0.1 [ ( 0.511 ) ( 2.18 x 10 ) ]

Nu=223.57

Nu=

hL
k

223.57=

2.515 h
6
18.3169 x 10

h=2.316

W
2
m K

QC =hA ( T T i )
Q C =2.316 (73.672)(2818)
QC =1706.25 W
Q person=15 ( 0.14460 )
Q person=2169 W
Qlamp =3 ( 0.02609W )
lamp=28.27 W
Q
QT =QC + Q person +Qlights
QT =1706.25+ 2169+28.27
QT =3903.52W

Number of q' dAirconditioningUnit=

QT
power rating

Number of q' dAirconditioningUnit=

3903.52
3348

'

Number of q dAirconditioningUnit=1.165

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The overriding purpose of this experiment was to determine the heat transfer of a certain room,
College of Arts Consultation Room, and the required air conditioning unit of the room. To accomplish the
goal, collection of data was made which includes the measurement of the length, width and height of the
room. Assumptions were stated which comprises of the maximum person allowed in the room, the average
temperature inside and outside the room and assuming atmospheric conditions.
From the mechanism of heat transfer by convection and using the thermodynamic properties of air
determined using interpolation from Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook, we calculated 3903.52W as
the total heat transfer of the room obtained by adding the heat transfer of the persons, lights and the
surroundings. With that, one air conditioning unit would be enough for the room.

It is recommended that increasing the number of persons allowed in the room or with the increase
in the temperature of the surroundings would require additional air conditioning unit considering the rooms
dimension would result with higher heat transfer.