ABSTRACT
East Nusatenggara Province has dried climate situation, which caused of the availability of water
for living very scarce. Some options have done do to this situation, for example by developing
many embung (small reservoir) or water-trap series along the gully as gully plug. The problem
furthermore comes related with the operation and maintenance of these structures. Thats also
happened for between each household place are far each other. Rainwater management in the
household scale would be the way to cope the scarcity for this condition. The principle concept is
managing the rainfall water on the household field by catching runoff with several Ferro-cement
structure to keep rainwater not to flow away out from household field and use for agriculture or
others. Rainfall water on the roof is managed by rainwater catches canal structure that completed
with mineralization and filtration structure so could use as clean water for life. This structure has
done as a model at 4 household in Tli'u village. As a result, they have water for agriculture activity
and life.
Keywords: rainwater management, agriculture, water for life, household scale
INTRODUCTION
East Nusatenggara Province has dried climate situation, so the availability
of water for living is very scarce (Susilawati, CL and Sooai, AG., 2012-b). Some
options have been done, for example by developing many embung (small
reservoir), (Kirmanto, D., 2011). Evaluations of embung systems development
also have been done, particularly in Sabu-Raijua Island, which includes: the
infrastructure system review, operations and maintenance, institutional,
community development, information systems and analysis of the benefits value.
It can be concluded that the development of embung systems in Sabu-Raijua
Island, have given some positive benefits. Several aspect need some attention,
especially on the technically infrastructure systems related to the proper target
planning services, charging condition of the water in the embung and the speed of
sedimentation rate. Less attention of the operation and maintenance system have
made the embung does not work anymore after a short time. Similarly, the limited
human resources make the institutional system very poor. Keeping in a well
planned community development, will be supporting the technical aspects, but
unfortunately also less attention as well. It can be said that the development of
embung system on the island of Sabu-Raijua looks like a central government
project, poor involvement of the local area officials, so is less support from local
people.
Attention to technical infrastructure systems or rainwater harvesting
system is urgently needed because the development of the existing embung has
less efficiency factor due to the evaporation and sedimentation occurs. To
overcome this case, it is necessary to consider the alternative water resources
32
ISSN:0254-0223
development in this areas, which have a large evaporation and high sedimentation
rate, such as conservation reservoir that serves to capture rainwater, preserve it by
letting the water soak into the ground soils. Furthermore, it can be prepared dug
wells to extract the water that has infiltrated to ground water reservoir to give
available water for agriculture and daily used. This alternative water resource
development is given the term as rain water management for agriculture
(RWMA). This system emphasizes the term of "management" which means that
rain water managed optimally and has not just rain water harvesting. Likewise, it
is keeping in mind as well that the system management and maintenance has done
participatory by people as well to meet the sustainability of the system.
Since 2010, Susilawati has tried to promote the water-trap series along the
gully as gully plug to get more water for agriculture and domestic-municipalindustry need. Based on the systems done by people in Daieko to get water by
holding water flowing in the grooves of the natural drainage system called as
water trap, that was developed a simple system to manage water as form as rain
water trap series such as simple embankments as gully plug (Susilawati CL,
2010). This system was developed to cope floods and droughts on small islands
(Susilawati CL, 2011). Furthermore, from the village of Daieko case studies, it
has developed for the entire island of Sabu (Susilawati CL, 2012-a). From the
observation of the reservoir system failure cause largely sedimentation due to the
cliffs erosion of reservoir design, the system was developed further by adding a
cliff reinforcement system with vetiver grass (Susilawati CL, 2013-a). Various
constraints have to be faced in implementing this system, especially concerning
financial terms. Furthermore, this system has been developed in household scale
(Susilawati CL, 2014), which was implemented in four families in the Tli'u
village. The most constraint of this system is the operation and maintenance of
these structures (Susilawati CL, 2013-b). This obstacle strengthened again by
dwelling communities from each other. Fuelled by this experience, so was
developed of rain water management for agriculture and the need to live in a
household scale system. Thats also can be happened because of between each
household place are far each other (Fig. 1, 2 and 3). Rainwater management in the
household scale would be the way to cope the scarcity for this condition.
ISSN:0254-0223
34
ISSN:0254-0223
3.
4.
ISSN:0254-0223
Year
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Des Total
Rank
Fa=100*m/(N+1)
1989
147
175
184
111
59
34
55
15
73
204
1059
2223
4.55
1990
380
229
205
67
62
454
1399
1951
9.09
1991
300
204
127
324
61
100
27
293
120
1558
1942
13.64
1992
302
130
235
99
50
51
126
373
1366
1886
18.18
1993
190
115
156
87
51
137
49
29
178
992
1827
22.73
1994
394
257
115
48
12
276
1102
1797
27.27
1995
137
228
147
163
15
94
104
322
293
1503
1691
31.82
1996
381
347
216
55
38
33
31
154
351
1606
1654
36.36
1997
381
632
86
13
21
34
49
438
1654
1606
40.91
10
1998
72
255
206
172
49
117
385
78
1334
1558
45.45
11
1999
545
199
342
380
23
41
236
169
1942
1518
50.00
12
2000
133
194
229
366
203
47
114
233
172
1691
1503
54.55
13
2002
315
205
114
122
98
229
1083
1399
59.09
14
2003
246
203
353
69
135
230
987
2223
1366
63.64
15
2004
247
487
462
27
129
23
62
390
1827
1334
68.18
16
2009
545
199
342
380
178
140
1797
1102
72.73
17
2010
478
522
27
55
146
44
10
33
20
205
337
1886
1083
77.27
18
2011
365
295
341
354
64
112
403
1951
1076
81.82
19
2012
54
291
90
413
861
1059
86.36
20
2013
285
463
48
55
23
202
1076
992
90.91
21
2014
172
226
248
167
56
142
89
20
57
341
1518
861
95.45
Piav
2500
2000
1500
P80: Pdry =
P20: Pwet =
P50: Pnor =
Pav
=
1200
1900
1600
1496.6
mm
mm
mm
mm
1000
500
0
100.00
10.00
1.00
Jan
367
309
232
129
Feb
354
298
224
121
Mar
250
211
158
139
Apr
190
160
120
149
May
61
52
39
169
Jun
43
36
27
162
Jul
19
16
12
185
Aug
4
3
3
204
Sep
8
7
5
205
Oct
35
30
22
213
Nov
172
145
109
180
Des
396
333
250
141
Total (mm)
1,900
1,600
1,200
1,997
36
ISSN:0254-0223
Figure 6 Runoff flowing and water well location of Mr. Benyamins yard
The field area for each house-hold and the catchment area for water well
are shown in Fig. 7-10.
Figure 7 Runoff flowing and water well location of Mr. Markuss yard
Figure 8 Runoff flowing and water well location of Mr. Hillers yard
37
ISSN:0254-0223
Figure 9 Runoff flowing and water well location of Mr. Yusaks yard
Figure 11 Ferro-cement water well system for rainwater captured and stored
38
ISSN:0254-0223
Benyamin
CA FC-01
CA FC-02
CA FC-03
1187
444
282
461
Markus
1340
CA FC-01
CA FC-02
CA FC-03
404
478
458
Hiller
CA FC-01
CA FC-02
CA FC-03
1434
368
412
654
m3
m3
m3
for personal
53,280 39,960 34,099
15 l/person/day
33,840 25,380 21,658 Requirement for 5
55,320 41,490 35,405 person per family
m3
m3
m3
drink 3.65 m3
CONCLUSION
The household water needs can be met by developing of rain water
management system in the household scale. Even still have excessive water,
which can be used to meet the water needs of agriculture and other businesses. It
is suggested that the comparable between yard land area and family members,
must be considered in determining the capacity of rainwater well captured.
REFERENCES
Kirmanto, D., (2011). Guidelines for The Use of Water Resources. Regulation of
the Minister of Public Works No. 06/PRT/M/2011, 40-48.
Susilawati CL, (2010). Rainwater Management for Agriculture in Daieko Village
Hawu Mehara District, Sabu-Raijua Regency, NTT Province. Journal
SIPIL UNWIRA, Vol 1 No.1, 51-58.
Susilawati CL, (2011). Water Resource Conservation with the System of Watertrap Series to Cope Flood and Drought on Small Island, Journal SIPIL
UNWIRA, Vol 2 No.1, 30-38.
Susilawati CL, (2012-a). Rainwater Management Model Development for
Agriculture in the Savu Island Semi-Arid Region, Civil Engineering
Dimension Journal, Vol. 14 No. 1, 36-41.
39
ISSN:0254-0223
40