Adaptation:

Sense organ has ability to adapt to a situation. Sensory and motor organ stimulate according to
stimulus received by sense organ. Chemical changes are needed to enable to adapt sensory organ
according to a specific situation. For example pupil contraction to light, bending forward to
listen, skin watering during summer season to maintain body temperature.
Sensory Acuity
Human sensation is very important system. The term acuity refers to the actual physical ability
of the sensory organs to receive input. A persons visual acuity refers to the persons ability to
see. Several experiments are made on sensory acuity and discover minimum rate of sensation.
For example we can see flame of candle from 30 miles in a clear dark night. For hearing weakest
stimuli is hearing tick of watch in a quiet room from 20 feet. Sensitivity of one area can be
different from other area. As we can feel the wing of bee on cheeks while we cannot feel on foot.
Type of Sensations
Eye/ Visual Sensation
Eye is called the queen of sensation because eight percent of sensation is collected through eye.
The loss of eye sight is like covering eye with darkness. It is because eye cannot then collect
information or sensation from environment which highly effect sensation system of body.
Eye is a visual sensation organ which is stimulated by light. If there is no light there would be no
visual sensation. Eye is safe in its orbital cavity and each eye is connected with six nerves. Eye
has very sensory organ and nature has created with eyebrows, eyelids and eyelashes to protect
eye.
Structure of the Eye:
Human eye has three parts (i) Sclerotic coat (ii) Choroid coat (iii) Retinal coat.
(i)

(ii)

Sclerotic Coat: this is the out most layer of the eye which is made of thick white
material called sclera. Its front is transparent and provides protection. The transparent
front sclerotic coat is called Cornea. It is curved part. It has delicate membrane. The
Cornea receives light from the outside environment and let them enter to eye. There is
a thin layer protecting cornea called conjunctiva. This membrane help cornea for the
reflex movement.
Choroid Coat: this is middle of eye which is black or dark gray in color. It contains
pigments which absorb extra light. This coat contains small blood vessels to supply
blood to eye.

Iris: this is front of choroid coat. It is located exactly behind the cornea. Iris gives
eyes the characteristic of differentiate in colors. The brown, black or blue color in
center of eye is the iris. It controls light together with pupil.
Pupil: Pupil is the opening in the center of the cornea. Iris is responsible for
contraction and expansion of pupil. So it control the light entering to eye, in bright
light it contract to protect light entering into eye and in low light it expend in order to
enter more light enter to eye.
Ciliary Muscles: these muscles are located behind the iris. it help iris to move. When
iris contract or expand it control amount of light.
Lens: biconvex lens lies behind the iris. Its functions is to adjust eye for long and
short sight ( mean qareeb awr door dekhny k liya). Lens become thick in middle and
thin at sides for short sights. This type of lens called convex lens. The lens become
thin in the middle and thick at the corners for long sight, it changes its shape to focus
and clear the image. This form of lens called concave lens. If eye has problem and
cannot change its shape of lens the defect could be removed by wearing glasses of
concave or convex lens.
Aqueous humour: it is a watery liquid between lens and cornea of the eye called
aqueous humour. It keeps eye wet and sustains the curve of the cornea.