DEFINITIONS

Deafness/HardofHearing
DeafnessIDEADefinition
:ahearingimpairmentthatissoseverethatthechildisimpairedin
______________________________________________________________throughhearing,
____________________________________________________________________________.
Thephrase______________________________________________issignificantasit
indicatesthatahearingaidwillnotprovide___________________________________
sothatthestudentcansucceedintheclassroom.
HearingImpairment
IDEADefinition
:animpairmentinhearing,__________________________
________________,thatadverselyaffectsachilds
____________________________________butisnotincludedunderthedefinitionof
deafness.'
__________________________:offensivetermbecauseimpliessomethingiswrong
withthem,subhuman,negative(referstobothdeafandhardofhearing)
SpeechandLanguageImpairments
SpeechLanguageImpairmentsIDEADefinition:
acommunicationdisordersuchas__________,
_____________________,a_______________impairment,ora_______________impairment
thatadverselyaffectsachildseducationalperformance.
Therearethreebasictypesofspeechimpairments:articulationdisorders,fluency
disorders,andvoicedisorders.
___________________:childproducessoundsincorrectly
___________________:childsflowofspeechisdisruptedbysounds,syllables,
andwordsthatarerepeated,prolonged,oravoided
___________________:

childsvoicehasanabnormalqualitytoitspitch,
resonance,orloudness
ELIGIBILITYCRITERIA
Deafness/HardofHearing
Thedisabilitymusthaveanadverseimpacton____________________________________,
andbecauseofthedisability,thestudentrequiresspecialeducationandrelatedservices.
Eligibilityisbasedon_______________________.Beawarethatstudentsdonothaveto
________or__________________________inacourseorgradeinordertobeeligiblefor
IDEAspecialeducationandrelatedservices.
CaliforniaDeafnessCriteria:theremustbeevidenceofthefollowing:

 Acurrentaudiologicalevaluationcompletedbyaqualifiedaudiologist.All
nondistrictassessmentshavebeenreviewedbyaDistrictEducational
Audiologist.
Adeterminationthat:
Thehearingimpairmentlimitsthestudentsaccesstolanguageand
communicationthroughhearingwithorwithoutamplification.
Thehearingimpairmentadverselyaffectsthedevelopmentof
expressiveand/orreceptivelanguageandcommunication.
Thehearingimpairmentadverselyaffectsthestudentseducational
performance,andrequiresspecialeducationtomeetthestudents
needs.
CaliforniaHardofHearingCriteria
:
theremustbeevidenceofthefollowing:
Acurrentaudiologicalevaluationcompletedbyaqualifiedaudiologist.Allnondistrict
assessmentshavebeenreviewedbyaDistrictEducationalAudiologist.
Thehearingimpairment,withoutamplification,makesitdifficultforthe
studenttoaccesslanguagecommunicationthroughhearing,butthe
impairmentisnotofalevelofseveritytoestablisheligibilityunderthe
definitionofDeafness.
Thehearingimpairment,whetherpermanentorfluctuating,adverselyaffects
expressiveand/orreceptivelanguageandcommunication.
Theimpairmentadverselyaffectsthestudentseducationalperformance,and
requiresspecialeducationtomeetthestudentsneeds.
SpeechLanguageImpairments:
Allelementslistedbelowmustbedeterminedtoestablisheligibility.
Thestudentsdisorder,basedonanassessmentbyalanguage,speechand
hearingspecialist,meetsoneormoreofthefollowingcriteria:
_______________________________
Astudenthasanabnormalvoicecharacterizedbypersistent,
defectivevoicequality,pitchorloudness.
_______________________________
Thestudentdisplaysreducedintelligibilityorinabilitytousethe
speechmechanismwhichsignificantlyinterfereswith
communicationandattractsadverseattention.

 Thestudentdoesnotmeetthecriteriaforanarticulationdisorder
ifthesoleassesseddisabilityisanabnormalswallowingpattern.
________________________________
Theflowofverbalexpressionincludingrateandrhythm
adverselyaffectscommunicationbetweenstudentandlistener.
________________________________(whenbothofthefollowing
criteriaaremet)
Studentscoresatleast1.5standarddeviationsbelowthemean,
orbelowthe7thpercentile,ontestsinoneormoreofthe
followingareasoflanguagedevelopment:morphology,syntax,
semantics,orpragmatics.
Thestudentdisplaysinappropriateorinadequateusageof
expressivelanguageasmeasuredonarepresentative
spontaneouslanguagesampleofaminimumoffiftyutterances.
PREVALENCE
Deafness/HardofHearing
About_______________________outofevery____________childrenintheUnitedStatesare
bornwithadetectablelevelofhearinglossinoneorbothears=12,000babies/year
Morethan90percentofdeafchildrenare___________________________________________
_______________aremorelikelythan______________________toreporthavinghearingloss
OneineightpeopleintheUnitedStates(13percent,or30million)aged12yearsorolderhas
hearinglossinbothears,basedonstandardhearingexaminations
Approximately15percentofAmericans(26millionpeople)betweentheagesof20and69have
highfrequencyhearinglossdueto_________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
AsofDecember2012,approximately324,200cochlearimplantshavebeenimplanted
worldwide.IntheUnitedStates,roughly58,000deviceshavebeenimplantedinadultsand
38,000inchildren
SpeechLanguageImpediments:
Highincidencedisability:Approximately_____%ofchildrenreceivingspecialeducation
servicesarereceivingservicesforspeechandlanguagedisorders.
(Thisestimatedoesnotincludechildrenwhoreceiveservicesforspeechandlanguage

disordersthatare
______________________________________________________________________.)
55.2%ofall3,4,and5yearoldswithadisabilityreceivespeechandlanguageservices.
Slightlyhigherinmenthaninwomen(1.5:1ratio)
Higherinstudentsfromhighsocioeconomicgroup
CHARACTERISTICS
______________________isatthecoreofeducation,sotheseimpairmentsimpactastudentsentire
educationalexperience
Deafness/HardofHearing
Hearinglossvariesin___________________;deafnessentailsthemostseverecases.
Impairmentscanaffecttheabilitytohearintensity(loudness,measuredindecibels),pitch
(frequency,measuredinhertz)orboth.
Typicallyhearinglossabove90decibelsisconsidereddeafness,accordingtoNational
DisseminationCenterforChildrenwithDisabilities(NICHCY).
Hearinglossfallsintofoursubcategories:conductive,sensorineural,mixedandcentral.These
identifythelocationinthebodyinwhichthehearingimpairmentoccurs.
_____________________________________:Hearingaidsandothersoundamplifying
assistivetechnologies(AT)oftenworkforstudentswithconductivehearingloss,astheir
impairmentsstemfromtheouterormiddleear
___________________________,_______________and____________hearinglosses:
stemfromtheinnerear,thecentralnervoussystemoracombinationofthetwo.Does
notrespondtosoundamplifyingAT
Typically,hearinglossiscategorizedasslight,mild,moderate,severeorprofound,depending
onhowwellanindividualcanhearthefrequenciesthatarecommonlyassociatedwithspeech.
SpeechLanguageImpediments
Theobstaclescreatedbyspeechandlanguageimpairmentsvarybythespecificcase.Someof
thesechallengesmightinvolve:
________________________________________withclassmatesandteachers
Understandingand/orgiving________________________________________________
Participatinginclassroomdiscussions
Attaining_______________________withinagroup
Longerprocessingandresponsetimeneeded(delayedandtherebyeasilyirritableifnot
inapatientenvironment)


CAUSES
Deafness/HardofHearing
Hearinglosscanbecausedbymanyphysicalconditions
childhoodillnesses,pregnancyrelatedillnesses,injury,heredity,age,excessiveor
prolongedexposuretonoise
SpeechLanguageImpediments
Somecausesofspeechandlanguagedisordersinclude
hearingloss,neurologicaldisorders,braininjury,intellectualdisabilities,drugabuse,
physicalimpairmentssuchascleftliporpalate,andvocalabuseormisuse.Frequently,
however,thecauseisunknown.
MEDICALISSUES
Deafness/HardofHearing
________________________HearingLoss
Hearinglosscausedbysomethingthatstopssoundsfromgettingthroughtheouteror
middleear.Thistypeofhearinglosscanoftenbetreatedwithmedicineorsurgery.
Ex:Earwaxblockingearcanal,otitismedia,otosclerosis
________________________HearingLoss
Hearinglossthatoccurswhenthereisaprobleminthewaytheinnerearorhearing
nerveworks.
Ex:Spinalcord,brain,cochlea,and8thcranialnerve
________________________HearingLoss
Hearinglossthatincludesbothaconductiveandasensorineuralhearingloss.
AuditoryNeuropathySpectrumDisorder
Hearinglossthatoccurswhensoundenterstheearnormally,butbecauseofdamageto
theinnerearorthehearingnerve,soundisn'torganizedinawaythatthebraincan
understand.
SpeechLanguageImpediment
SpeechandLanguageimpairmentsareusuallytheresultofothermedicalconditionssuchas:
_____________________________
Autism(AutismSpectrumDisorders)
CleftLipandPalate

 _____________________________BrainInjury
_____________________________BrainInjury

EDUCATIONALAPPROACHES
SpeechLanguageImpediments
_____________________________________andworkingwithaspeechlanguagepathologist
duringthepreschoolyearscanbeagamechanger.
Addressingissues,suchasstutteringandarticulationimpairments,earlycanlessen
potentialcommunicationdifficultieslaterinachildseducationalcareer.
Referralformedicalorotherprofessionalattentionnecessaryforthehabilitationofspeechor
languageimpairments;
Counselingandguidanceofparents,children,andteachers

regardingspeechand
languageimpairments
individual______________________________
workcloselywiththefamilytodevelopgoalsandtechniquesfor_____________
__________________________________________________________________
______________________isanissueforsomechildrenwithspeechandlanguageimpairments
EX:peersmightmockastutteroralisp.
Bullyingoftenbecomesmorethanasocialissueasitcandistractthestudentwhoisthe
targetfromhisorherclasswork.
Takingclasstimeto

teachaboutbullyingcanhelppreventtopreventthis.
2Apps:
TigaTalk
foryoungerchildrenlearninghowtoimprovearticulationandvoice,speech
soundsinisolation,givesfeedback
SmallTalkPhonemes
showsthestudenttheisolatedsoundandmouthmovementthroughvirtual
flashcards
Deafness/HardofHearing
___________________________________canlimitcommunicationhurdles.Typically,both
oral(speech,lipreadinganduseofresidualhearing)andmanual(signlanguage)
communicationareusedwithandtaughttochildrenwhoaredeaforhardofhearing.

 Hearinglosscanlooklikealearningdisorder,butisnota___________________Disorder,
_____________________Disorderor____________________Disorder.
Learningdisordersaffecthowapersonunderstands,remembersandrespondstonew
information.Learningdisordersreflectaninherentbraindifferencethatcausesan
impedimenttolearning.
Hearinglossisan_______________________Issuecreatingbarrierstolearninginthetypical
classroomenvironmentandimpactingsocialinteractions.Thisinvisiblebarrieriswhyitis
necessarytoconsiderfunctionalperformanceintheclassroomacrosssituations.
Studentswhoaredeaforhardofhearingfaceseveraleducationalbarriers,whichcanmakethe
followingtasksdifficult:
Learningbylectures
Participatinginclassroomdiscussions
Givingoralpresentations
Takingoralexams
Notetaking
Watchingeducationalfilms
Armedwiththerightaccommodations,studentscanovercomeeducationalchallenges
Notetaker
Priorityseating
Signlanguageinterpreter
PowerPointpresentationstoaccompanyyourlectures
Texttospeechassistivetechnology
Enablingcaptionswhilewatchingeducationalfilms
Extraclassroomtimefocused
POSTSCHOOLOUTCOMES
WASK:_________________________________________________________________________
TransitionservicesaccountedforinhighschoolIEP
Preparation,planningneededearlyonfromallaffiliatesinIEPmakingprocessforsuccesstransition
Outcomesdependonstudentsabilitiesanddesires:postsecondaryschool,work,etc.
SpeechLanguageImpedimentscanbeoutgrowninadulthood