Introduction

Engineering Analysis
Simulation-modeling
A.Asad Sonief
Scientific Computing Group
Department of Engineering
University of Brawijaya

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What is Engineering Analysis?

It is a vital TOOL for practicing

engineering professionals in performing
their duties in:
Decision making
Problem solving
Creations

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Engineers create:
Scientists DISCOVER what it was,
Engineers CREATE what it is not
Engineers create what it is not in
DESIGN to satisfy human needs:

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 Engineers make DECISIONS at all times, and

often crucial ones:
Decisions are required in:
Design Configurations
Selection of design methodology, materials and fabrication
methods
Assembly, packaging and shipping

Manufacturing Tools and machine tools

Fabrication processes
Quality control and assurance

Maintenance Routine inspections and

Procedures

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 Unexpected cases with potential grave

consequences
Change of customer requirements
Malfunctioning of machines and equipment
Defections in products

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 Engineers solve Problems often in ways

like fire-fighting:

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Simulation

What is numerical simulation?

Is it important?
Application examples
Simulation software

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What is Simulation?

We define simulation as the process of exploring (mathematical)

models of natural or man-made processes by the means of a
computer.

Processes (natural, man-made, abstract/virtual)

Physical insight
Mathematical models (based on PDEs)
Numerical methods
Software implementation
Computer experiments
Interpretation of results (large amounts of numbers)

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Development of theory

modeling

experiment

simulation

Traditional
developmentofofmodels
modelsfor
ofaaphysical
physicalphenomenon
phenomenon
Modern development
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The Simulation Pipeline

Prediction & Control

DATASET UNSTRUCTURED_GRID
POINTS 201 float
2.77828 2.18262 -0.25
0.476 2.4 -0.85 0.85 2.4
-0.476 -0.476 2.4 -0.85
-0.85 2.4 -0.476 -0.85
2.4 0.476 -0.476 2.4 0.85
0.476 2.4 0.85 0.85
2.4 0.476 2.55 0.8625 0.66
CELLS 458 2290
4 41 29 65 80
4 53 41 65 82
4 35 34 47 71

Results
Refinement

Processes
Computations

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Mathematical Model

14

The Real World in a Computer Test Tube?

Why should we make computer simulations?

Small cost compared with field experiments

Field experiments may be too dangerous
Field experiments may be impossible
Provide better understanding of the processes
Provide tools for process prediction and control
...

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Simulation is reaching wide

Applications in:
All engineering disciplines
Physics (astro, geo, nuclear,..)
Biology and medicine
Ecosystems and environment
Meteorlogy, oceanography,,
Financial and assurance market
.
Always stretching the limits of what is computationally
feasible.
Observation: mathematics is a vital ingredient.
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Electrical Heart Activity

Simulation of the electrical activity in

the human heart based on a model
coupling several PDEs and ODEs.
The visualised electrical potential
represents a period of 250 ms. This
problem is extremely demanding in
terms of computational resources and
requires advanced solution methods
and fast hardware.

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Have you quit smoking?

Results from 3-D lung
airflow modeling,
depicting flow velocity at
selected cross-sections
in a single bifurcation.
Computational fluid
dynamics (CFD)
techniques used in the
design of cars, airplanes
and aerospace vehicles
have been converted to
use in the complex
branching geometry of the
lung's small airways.

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Aerospace and Automotive Industries

Car crash simulations

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Mathematic modeling

Mathematical modeling involves:

Translating a physical situation into
mathematical expressions
It is a similar action of writing MUSIC from the
melodies in the minds of great composers,
e.g., Beethoven, Mozart, etc.

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Engineers duties include:

CREATION,
DECISION MAKING, and
PROBLEM SOLVING
Performing each of these duties involves a
process in reaching solutions
The subjects in these processes are
translated into FUNCTIONS, and the
factors that affecting the values of these
subjects are VARIABLES.

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 VARIABLES include:
Spatial variables: represented by
coordinate systems with set
reference points. Commonly used coordinate
systems are:
(x, y, z) in rectangular coordinates, or
(r, , z) in cylindrical polar coordinates
Temporal variable: time (t)
x,y,z and t are INDEPENDENT variables

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 The process for solutions is to include the

FUNCTIONS with VARIABLE in
APPROPRIATE MATH MODELS, and reach
math solutions

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Frequent Functions in ME Engineering Analyses

Mass (m), weight (W), Length (L), Area (A),
Volume (V) of solids
Forces (F)
Stress (), Strain () in deformed solids
Distance traveled by a moving rigid body (S)
Temperature in solids and fluids (T)
Velocity of a rigid body or fluid (V)

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 Properties of Functions
Functions may change their values with the
change of independent variables (spatial
and temporal) - So, functions are dependent
variables
The value of a function is a CONSTANTdepending on the values of the associated
independent variables.

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Reference

Tai-Ran Hsu, 2013-ed, Applied

Engineering Analysis, San Jose State
University Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering.

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