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596
PHILIPPINE
TELEGRAPH
AND
TELEPHONE
**
COMPANY,
petitioner,
vs.
NATIONAL
LABOR
RELATIONS COMMISSION and GRACE DE GUZMAN,
respondents.
Labor Law Dismissals Petitioners policy of not accepting or
considering as disqualified from work any woman worker who
contracts marriage runs afoul of the test of, and the right against
discrimination afforded all women workers by our labor laws and
by no less than the Constitution.In the case at bar, petitioners
policy of not accepting or considering as disqualified from work
any woman worker who contracts marriage runs afoul of the test
of, and the right against, discrimination, afforded all women
workers by our labor laws and by no less than the Constitution.
Contrary to petitioners as sertion that it dismissed private
respondent from employment on account of her dishonesty, the
record discloses clearly that her ties with the company were
dissolved principally because of the companys policy that married
women are not qualified for employment in PT&T, and not merely
because of her supposed acts of dishonesty.
Same Same While loss of confidence is a just cause for
termination of employment, it should not be simulated.Verily,
private respondents act of concealing the true nature of her
status from PT&T could not be properly characterized as willful
or in bad faith as s he was m oved to act the way she did mainly
because she wanted to retain a permanent job in a stable
company. In other words, she was practically forced by that very
same illegal company policy into misrepresenting her civil status
for fear of being disqualified from work. While loss of confidence is
a just cause for termination of employment, it should not be
simulated. It must rest on an actual breach of duty committed by
the employee and not on the employers caprices. Furthermore, it
should never be used as a subterfuge for causes which are
improper, illegal, or unjustified.
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*
SECOND DIVISION.
**
the title of this case as stated in the petition, has been deleted for being
unnecessary and violative of the rules on pleadings, and is commented upon in the
text of this opinion.
597
597
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598
lish any agreements, terms, and conditions that they may deem
convenient, the same should not be contrary to law, morals, good
customs, public order, or public policy. Carried to its logical
consequences, it may even be said that petitioners policy against
legitimate marital bonds would encourage illicit or commonlaw
relations and subvert the sacrament of marriage.
Same Same The relations between capital and labor are not
merely contractual, impressed as they are with so much public
interest that the same should yield to the comm on good.
Parenthetically, the Civil Code provisions on the contract of
labor state that the relations between the parties, that is, of
capital and labor, are not merely contractual, impressed as they
are with so much public interest that the same should yield to the
common good. It goes on to intone that neither capital nor labor
should visit acts of oppression against the other, nor impair the
interest or convenience of the public. In the final reckoning, the
danger of just such a policy against marriage followed by
petitioner PT&T is that it strikes at the very essence, ideals and
purpose of marriage as an inviolable social institution and,
ultimately, of the family as the foundation of the nation. That it
must be effectively interdicted here in all its indirect, disguised or
dissembled forms as discriminatory conduct derogatory of the
laws of the land is not only in order but imperatively required.
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REGALADO, J.:
Seeking relief through the extraordinary writ of certiorari,
petitioner Philippine Telegraph and Telephone Company,
(hereafter, PT&T) invokes the alleged concealment of civil
status and defalcation of company funds as grounds to
terminate the services of an employee. That employee,
herein private respondent G race de Guzman, contrarily
argues that what really motivated PT&T to terminate her
services was her having contracted marriage during her
employment,
599
599
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Rollo, 42 Annex D.
Ibid., 49 Annex J.
600
600
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Id., 50 Annex K.
Id., 51 Annex L.
Id., 53 Annex N.
601
601
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ensure the fundamental equality before the law of women and men (Sec.
14, Art. II).
602
602
The State shall afford full protection to labor, local and overseas,
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The State shall regulate the relations between workers and employers,
recognizing the right of labor to its just share in the fruits of production
and the right of enterprises to reasonable returns on investment, and to
expansion and growth (Sec. 3, Art. XIII).
10
603
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13
14
15
16
17
604
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605
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19
Relations Commission, et al., G.R. No. 102993, July 14, 1995, 246 SCRA
271 Oriental Mindoro Electric Cooperative, Inc. vs. National Labor
Relations Commission, et al., G.R. No. 111905, July 31, 1995, 246 SCRA
794 Nuez vs. National Labor Relations Commission, et al., G.R. No.
107574, December 28, 1994, 239 SCRA 518 San Miguel Corporation vs.
Ubaldo, et al., G.R. No. 92859, February 1, 1993, 218 SCRA 293.
20
606
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23
National Labor Relations Commission, et al., G.R. No. 69494, June 10,
1986, 142 SCRA 269 Chua vs. National Labor Relations Commission, et
al., G.R. No. 81450, February 15, 1990, 182 SCRA 353.
24
No. 100829, November 21, 1995, 250 SCRA 359 Labor vs. National Labor
Relations Commission, G.R. No. 110388, September 14, 1995, 248 SCRA
183.
26
Commission, et al., G.R. No. 75997, August 18, 1988, 164 SCRA 516.
607
607
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608
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78693, January 28, 1991, 193 SCRA 410 Brent School, Inc. vs. Zamora, et
al., G.R. No. 48494, February 5, 1990, 181 SCRA 702.
609
609
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______________
28
Art. 280, Labor Code see PLDT vs. Montemayor, et al., G.R. No. 88626,
De Leon vs . National Labor Relations Comm ission, et al., G.R. No. 70705,
Molave Tours Corp. vs. National Labor Relations Commission, et al., G.R. No.
112909, November 24, 1995, 250 SCRA 325 see Art. 279, Labor Code, as amended
by Republic Act No. 6715.
610
610
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32
Approved on April 15, 1952. It was later amended by Republic Act No. 1131,
611
611
and
equality
in
employment,
ensure
equal
work
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612
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613
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36
37
614
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38
Tolentino, A., Civil Code of the Philippines, Vol. III, 1979 ed., 235
42
The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen
the family as a basic autonomous social institution. x x x (Sec. 15, Art. II).
The State recognizes the Filipino family as the foundation of the nation.
Accordingly, it shall strengthen its solidarity and actively promote its total
development (Sec. 1, Art. XV).
Marriage, as an inviolable social institution, is the foundation of the family and
shall be protected by the State (Sec. 2, Art. XV).
615
615
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