SOURCES OF ENERGY IN ECUADOR

Hydroelectric Energy
Hydraulic power or water to that obtained from the use of kinetic and potential energies of
the stream of water. It is a type of green energy when its environmental impact is minimal,
and uses the water force without damming it, otherwise is considered only a form of
renewable energy. FAYTONG T (2009)
This energy is one of the most used in the Ecuador. But to discuss in group, we realized that
this energy ever an end since the rivers are gradually losing their potential and can reach the
point of not producing sufficient potential to move the turbines and produce energy.
Hydropower of Paute
It was conceived in 1961 by the engineer Daniel Palacios left, during their travels
discovered the landform which consisted of a usable resource for hydroelectric generation.
The river Paute carrier a large flow at the site called tail of San Pablo, in short distance
measured in a straight line, presents a big difference of levels, becoming usable that
potential energy.
This company is already working for many years and as we have already experienced it
there have been days of drought that there was an energy deficiency, but although they were
difficult to be exceeded. Paute company is one of the most important in the Ecuador since it
supplies power to a large percentage of the country and if this comes to fail yet there is
another dam which meet the demand of electricity in the country as does the Paute dam.
New hydroelectric projects in the country.
The Ecuador Government has proposed to build nine hydropower projects until 2013, low
or medium power. As the "Quijos-Baeza" hydroelectric plant, with a capacity of 100
megawatts, to be built in the Amazon province of Napo. "Rio Luis", 15.5 MW in the Gold
Coast; "Buenos Aires", in 980 megawatts in the andina de Imbabura.
Also, the project "mines, Doublets, the Union '', 285 megawatts, in the southern part of the
country; "The Union" of 84 megawatts between the provinces of Azuay and El Oro;
"Soldiers-Yanuncay", from 27.8 megawatts, also in Azuay.
The hydroelectric plan also includes a "Jondach" projects, in the province of Napo, 30.6
megawatts; "Llanganates", in the same jurisdiction, of 27.7 MW; and "Mazar-doubts", at
the andina of Canar, 22.3 megawatts.
For new projects, the Feiseh will disbursed 224.410.802 dollars and expected that, together,
they will provide 1.710 megawatts of energy power.
There are also other major projects that are already under construction, as "Coca-Codo Sinclair", with a capacity of 1,500 megawatts; "Gun", 400 megawatts; "Toachi-Pilaton", of
228 megawatts; and "Ocaa", with a generation of 26 megawatts, among others.

Our country has good future projects which will be of great help to supply better, electricity
to the country. But at the same time it will destroy a portion of the nature of the Ecuador by
what these projects also have its downside. And the group came to the conclusion that the
projects should be but trying to not make a drastic change to the Ecuadorian environment.
Thermoelectricity
Electricity generated by the application of heat to the union of two different materials. If
two wires of different materials are attached at both ends (this circuit is called
thermocouple), and one of the unions is maintained at a temperature higher than the other,
arises a voltage difference that makes an electric current between hot and cold joints. This
phenomenon was observed for the first time in 1821 by the German physicist Thomas
Seebeck, and is known as the Seebeck effect Roldan P (2009) (ROLDN, 2009)
For a given pair of materials, the voltage difference is directly proportional to the
temperature difference. This relationship can be used for the precise measurement of
temperature by means of a thermocouple in which one of the unions is maintained at a
temperature of known reference (for example, an ice bath) and the other is placed in the
place whose temperature is to be measured is. Moderate (up to about 260 C) temperatures
they often used combinations of iron and copper, iron and constantan (an alloy of copper
and nickel), and copper and constantan. At temperatures above (up to about 1,650 C) used
an alloy of Platinum and rhodium and Platinum.
As the thermocouple wires may have very small dimensions, they also allow to accurately
measure local temperatures in a point. The generated current can be increased using
semiconductors instead of metals, and a few Watts power with efficiencies of up to 6% can
be achieved. These heated, thermoelectric generators with kerosene burners, are widely
used in remote areas of Russia and other republics of the Commonwealth of independent
States to feed radio receivers.
When you pass a current through a circuit composed of different materials whose marriages
are at the same temperature, produces the opposite effect. In this case, absorbed heat in a
union and follows the other. This phenomenon is known as the Peltier effect in honor of the
French physicist Jean Peltier, who discovered it in 1834. It is possible to use systems of
semiconductor based on the Peltier effect as coolers for special applications.
Thermoelectric power station
Plants use heat to produce electricity. Heat a substance, which can be water or gas, which
when heated out pressure and move turbines and then the movement is transformed. As we
have already seen, to feed a thermal power station.
1. Thermal power plants steam: in this case, water is used in a cycle closed (it is
always the same water). The water is heated in large kettles, using as fuel coal, gas,
biomass, etc. Turbine moves due to the pressure of the water vapor, and its kinetic
energy is transformed into electricity by a generator.

2. Thermal power stations to gas: instead of water, these plants use gas, which heats
using different fuels (gas, oil or diesel). The result of this combustion is gas at high
temperatures to mobilize to the turbine, and its kinetic energy is transformed into
electricity.
3. Combined cycle plants: use two turbines, a gas and another steam. The heated gas
mobilizes a turbine and then heats water, which turns into steam and mobilized, at
the same time, a second turbine.
Wind energy
Current situation:
The first wind farm in the country was opened in October 2007 at the island San Cristobal
of the archipelago of Galapagos, with an installed capacity of 2.4 MW. And years later is
expected in operation a second wind farm located in other islands of the Galapagos
Archipelago, Baltra - Santa Cruz, project with an installed capacity of 3.2 MW.
Given the environmental relevance of the Galapagos Archipelago, the MEER has
established as a goal meet all the demand for electricity with renewable energy. The
expectations of installed power in wind power generation by 2015 that profiled the MEER,
are among the 40 to 50 MW CONTRERAS A. (2014)
Wind power in Loja
The Villonaco wind park is located i (Faytong, 2009)n the province of Loja at 4 km away
from its capital, specifically between the cantons of Loja and Catamayo.
Its construction took place between the highest points of the Villonaco Hill, at an
approximate height of 2,720 masl account with 11 wind turbines, each with a maximum
height of 100 m high; and an interpretation centre, designed to welcome visitors wishing to
learn about the development of wind energy in the Ecuador.
It has a power rating of 16.5 MW and will provide 60 million kWh per year to the national
interconnected system, reducing by 35 thousand tons the emissions of CO2 per year, as
well as the consumption of equivalent fuel in 4.5 million gallons of diesel per year, which
corresponds to a saving of 13 billion dollars annually for the country.
The Villonaco wind park is considered to be one of the emblematic and strategic projects of
the Ecuadorian Government, which will contribute to the diversification of the current
energy matrix. Clean energy for the Ecuador, using a renewable and inexhaustible resource.
Biography

Contreras, A. M. (Lunes de Julio de 2014). http://www.evwind.com/2013/01/31/lasenergias-renovables-en-ecuador-proyectos-de-eolica-y-energia-solar-fotovoltaica/.

Obtenido de http://www.evwind.com/2013/01/31/las-energias-renovables-enecuador-proyectos-de-eolica-y-energia-solar-fotovoltaica/
ROLDN, P. (Septiembre de 2009).
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http://bibdigital.epn.edu.ec/bitstream/15000/1123/1/CD-2606.pdf

Faytong, T. (Agosto de 2009).

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