CHAPTER
CHAPTER
6.1.2
Fig.
6.1 Comparison
among
stress-strain
(-) curves
for various bio-composites
during Tensile
Stress-strain
(-)
Curves
of Different
Bio-Composites
in Compression
Test test
Stress vs strain curve shows their non linear behavior as the stress increases. Compressive
strength varies from 40 MPa which is of 35% rice, 40% epoxy (Araldite AY-103) and 25% jute
fibre bio-composite to 52 MPa which is of 15% rice, 20% natural rubber latex, 25% epoxy
(Araldite AY-103) and 40% jute fibre bio-composite. Since, 15% rice, 20% natural rubber latex,
25% epoxy (Araldite AY-103) and 40% jute fibre bio-composite has higher compressive strength
in compression test. Thus, we see that 15% rice, 20% natural rubber latex, 25% epoxy (Araldite
AY-103) and 40% jute fibre bio-composite is the strongest in compression.
Fig. 6.2 Comparison among stress-strain (-) curves for various bio-composites during Compression test
6.1.3
Load vs deflection curve shows their non linear behavior as the load increases. Bending strength
(Flexural strength) varies from 78.40 MPa which is of 35% rice, 40% epoxy (Araldite AY-103)
and 25% jute fibre bio-composite to 94.08 MPa which is of 15% rice, 20% natural rubber latex,
25% epoxy (Araldite AY-103) and 40% jute fibre bio-composite. Since, 15% rice, 20% natural
rubber latex, 25% epoxy (Araldite AY-103) and 40% jute fibre bio-composite has higher bending
strength (flexural strength) in bending test. Thus, we see that 15% rice, 20% natural rubber
latex, 25% epoxy (Araldite AY-103) and 40% jute fibre bio-composite is the strongest in
bending.
Fig. 6.3 Comparison among load-deflection (P- ) curves for various bio-composites during Bending
6.1.4
In impact test, no significant change in impact strength (absorbed energy) in Charpy and Izod
Tests is obtained after addition of natural rubber latex and changing the composition of rice,
epoxy and jute fibres. In impact test impact strength (absorbed energy) varies from 0.2 kg-m
which is of 35% rice, 40% epoxy (Araldite AY-103) and 25% jute fibre bio-composite to 0.4 kgm which is of 15% rice, 20% natural rubber latex, 25% epoxy (Araldite AY-103) and 40% jute
fibre bio-composite. The specimen by decreasing rice and epoxy content and increasing jute
fibres content and also by adding the natural rubber latex has higher impact strength in impact
test. Thus, we see that 15% rice, 20% natural rubber latex, 25% epoxy (Araldite AY-103) and
40% jute fibre bio-composite is the strongest in impact.
A
B
C
D
35% rice, 40% epoxy (Araldite AY-103) and 25% jute fibre bio-composites
20% rice, 40% epoxy and 40% jute fibre bio-composites
15 % rice, 20% natural rubber latex, 40% epoxy and 25% jute fibre bio-composites
15% rice, 20% natural rubber latex, 25% epoxy and 40% jute fibre bio-composites
Fig. 6.4(a) Comparison among impact strength for various bio-composites during Charpy Test
A
B
C
D
35% rice, 40% epoxy (Araldite AY-103) and 25% jute fibre bio-composites
20% rice, 40% epoxy and 40% jute fibre bio-composites
15 % rice, 20% natural rubber latex, 40% epoxy and 25% jute fibre bio-composites
15% rice, 20% natural rubber latex, 25% epoxy and 40% jute fibre bio-composites
Fig. 6.4(b) Comparison among impact strength for various bio-composites during Izod Test
S.
No.
Types of Bio-Composites
Absorbed energy
Charpy test Izod test
(kg-m)
(kg-m)
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
Fig. 6.4 Comparison among impact strength for various bio-composites during Impact test
6.1.5
Shore-D hardness increases after addition of natural rubber latex and changing the composition
of rice, epoxy and jute fibres. Shore-D hardness varies from 75 which is of 35% rice, 40%
epoxy (Araldite AY-103) and 25% jute fibre bio-composite to 92 which is of 15% rice, 20%
natural rubber latex, 25% epoxy (Araldite AY-103) and 40% jute fibre bio-composite. The
specimen by decreasing rice and epoxy content and increasing jute fibres content and also by
adding the natural rubber latex has higher shore-D hardness. Thus, we see that 15% rice, 20%
natural rubber latex, 25% epoxy (Araldite AY-103) and 40% jute fibre bio-composite is the
hardest.
35% rice, 40% epoxy (Araldite AY-103) and 25% jute fibre bio-composites
15 % rice, 20% natural rubber latex, 40% epoxy and 25% jute fibre bio-composites
15% rice, 20% natural rubber latex, 25% epoxy and 40% jute fibre bio-composites
6.1.6
Fig. 6.5 Comparison among shore-D hardness of various bio-composites during Shore-hardness test
The water absorption characteristics curve for bio-composites is increases at start and after some
time it becomes nearly horizontal. Because, initially it is absorbs more water. Water absorption (%
weight gain) varies from 4.131% which is of 35% rice, 40% epoxy (Araldite AY-103) and 25%
jute fibre bio-composite to 6.479% which is of 15% rice, 20% natural rubber latex, 25% epoxy
(Araldite AY-103) and 40% jute fibre bio-composite in 120 hours (5 days). Since, 15% rice, 20%
natural rubber latex, 25% epoxy (Araldite AY-103) and 40% jute fibre bio-composite has higher
water absorption (% weight gain). Thus, we see that 15% rice, 20% natural rubber latex, 25%
epoxy (Araldite AY-103) and 40% jute fibre bio-composite is absorbed more water.
Fig. 6.6 Comparison among water absorption characteristics curves for various bio-composites during Water
absorption test
S.
Composites
NO.
Property
(R20E40JF40)
1. Specific Density
1.1422
1.3424
0.9980
1.0162
2. Tensile Strength
40.83
45.73
42.47
49.00
35.75
34.07
42.56
48.22
2.9614
2.8766
3.6591
3.5125
2.5927
2.1429
3.6664
3.4565
1.8460
2.3760
1.9380
2.1900
0.3488
0.3442
0.3592
0.3672
40
45
42
52
35.02
33.52
42.08
51.17
78.40
86.24
83.63
94.08
68.64
64.24
83.79
92.58
75
77
87
92
13. Impact
Izod Test
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
Charpy Test
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
4.131
4.357
5.087
6.479
(MPa)
3.
4. Tensile Modulus
(GPa)
5.
6. Tensile Strain at
Fracture (%)
7. Poissons Ratio
8. Compressive
Strength
(MPa)
9. Specific Compressive
10.
Strength
(MPa/kg-m3)
Bending
Strength (MPa)
Strength (MPa)
Strength
(kg-m)
14. Water
6.3
(R15NRL20E40JF25) (R15NRL20E25JF40)
DISCUSSION
Tensile strength of higher percentage of natural rubber latex and jute fibres based bio-composite
has increased. Compressive strength of higher percentage of natural rubber latex and jute fibres
based bio-composite has increased. Bending strength of higher percentage of natural rubber latex
and jute fibres based bio-composite has increased. Impact strength shows no significant change
after addition of rice and natural rubber latex but with higher percentage of natural rubber latex
and jute fibres based bio-composite has increased the impact strength bio-composites.
S.
Composites
NO.
Property
(R20E40JF40)
1. Specific Density
1.1422
1.3424
0.9980
1.0162
2. Tensile Strength
40.83
45.73
42.47
49.00
35.75
34.07
42.56
48.22
2.9614
2.8766
3.6591
3.5125
2.5927
2.1429
3.6664
3.4565
1.8460
2.3760
1.9380
2.1900
0.3488
0.3442
0.3592
0.3672
40
45
42
52
35.02
33.52
42.08
51.17
78.40
86.24
83.63
94.08
68.64
64.24
83.79
92.58
75
77
87
92
13. Impact
Izod Test
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
Charpy Test
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
5.359
5.786
6.722
8.707
(MPa)
3.
4. Tensile Modulus
(GPa)
5.
6. Tensile Strain at
Fracture (%)
7. Poissons Ratio
8. Compressive
Strength
(MPa)
9. Specific Compressive
10.
Strength
(MPa/kg-m3)
Bending
Strength (MPa)
Strength (MPa)
Strength
(kg-m)
14. Water
(R15NRL20E40JF25) (R15NRL20E25JF40)
Composites
Property
Specific Density
1.1520
1.1140
1.0758
1.0359
0.999
Tensile strength
(MPa)
37.57
40.83
44.10
36.75
34.30
Specific Tensile
strength
(MPa/kg-m3)
32.61
36.65
40.99
35.48
34.33
Tensile Modulus
(GPa)
17.84
16.83
18.11
17.36
15.81
Specific Tensile
Modulus
(MPa/kg-m3)
15.49
15.10
16.83
16.75
15.83
Tensile strain at
fracture (%)
0.362
0.395
0.378
0.319
0.378
Poissons ratio
0.316
0.358
0.333
0.362
0.322
Compressive
strength (MPa)
47
45
45
54
58
40.80
36.65
41.83
52.13
58.06
88.85
104.53
120.21
94.08
83.37
Specific Bending
strength (MPa)
77.13
93.83
111.74
90.82
83.45
Shore D hardness
11
12
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
1.210
5.090
6.238
5.291
6.615
Specific
Compressive
strength
(MPa/kg-m3)
Bending
strength (MPa)
Impact
(kg-m)
Izod
Charpy
Water
absorption (wt. %)