INDUSTRIETECHNIK

SRI LANKA INSTITUTE of ADVANCED TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION

ELECTRICAL and ELECTRONIC

ENGINEERING
Instructor Manual

Training Unit

Electronic Oscilloscope
Practice

No: EE 043

Training Unit
Electronic Oscilloscope
Practical Part
No.: EE 043

Edition:

2008
All Rights Reserved

Editor:

MCE Industrietechnik Linz GmbH & Co

Education and Training Systems, DM-1
Lunzerstrasse 64 P.O.Box 36, A 4031 Linz / Austria
Tel. (+ 43 / 732) 6987 3475
Fax (+ 43 / 732) 6980 4271
Website: www.mcelinz.com

ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE

CONTENTS

Page

LEARNING OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................4

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 1
Measuring direct voltage with an oscilloscope in XY operation. ..........................................5

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 2
Measuring a sinusoidal alternating voltage with an oscilloscope.........................................7

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 3
Representation of two alternating voltages, in-phase and out-of-phase by 180
respectively in x-y operation ................................................................................................9

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 4
Representation of two alternating voltages with a 90 phase displacement in x-y operation
...........................................................................................................................................11

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 5
Measuring voltage with an oscilloscope. ...........................................................................13

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 6
Determining time and frequency........................................................................................16

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 7
Checking the range of audibility.........................................................................................21

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 9
Current-voltage curve of a resistance................................................................................23

PRACTICAL TEST ............................................................................................................48

ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

The student should

explain how the control elements of an oscilloscope function.
select the mode of Operation according to requirements.
explain with which voltages the x and y-input must be connected to give a true
representation of a periodic process.
determine the peak-to-peak and effective value of an alternating voltage using the
oscilloscope.
determine the periodic time of a signal and deduce the frequency.
measure current indirectly using the oscilloscope.

ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE 2

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 1

Measuring direct voltage with an oscilloscope in XY operation.

1. TASK

Establish a relationship between the direct voltage input and the Y deflection of an
oscilloscope.

2. EQUIPMENT

Mains unit or 4.5 V pocket-lamp battery.

Double-channel oscilloscope (suitable for X-Y representation).
Test cable.

3. CARRY-OUT THE EXERCISE

Turn on the oscilloscope.

Wait 5 minutes until the oscilloscope temperature is stabilized.

Using vertical positioning control, bring the horizontal trace to the lowest line on the
screen.

Apply 4.5 VDC voltage to the vertical input of the oscilloscope.

Measure the voltage and draw the displayed trace on the raster.

ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE 2

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 2

Measuring a sinusoidal alternating voltage with an oscilloscope.

1. TASK

Determine the peak-to-peak value of a sinusoidal alternating voltage with the oscilloscope.

2. EQUIPMENT

Function generator.
Double-channel oscilloscope.
Test cable.

3. CARRY-OUT THE EXERCISE

Turn on the oscilloscope.

Wait 5 minutes until the oscilloscope temperature is stabilized.

Bring the horizontal trace to the centre line of the screen.

Adjust the function generator output to 10 volts peak-to-peak.

Measure the voltage with the oscilloscope.

Measure the voltage and, draw the displayed trace on the raster.

ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE 2

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 3

Representation of two alternating voltages, in-phase and out-of-phase by 180

respectively in x-y operation

1. TASK

Set up a measuring circuit to represent two sinusoidal alternating voltages in-phase and
out-of-phase by 180.

2. EQUIPMENT

Alternating voltage supply (function generator).

Double-channel oscilloscope.
Test cable.

3. CARRY-OUT THE EXERCISE

Measuring circuits

Draw graphically the resultant trace:

Set the mode selector to X-Y.

Set the vertical and horizontal gain selectors to 1V/Div.

Apply two signals (peak-to-peak 7 V) to the inputs with zero and 180 phase
displacement.

Compare the represented traces with that obtained from graphically plotting.

10

ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 4

Representation of two alternating voltages with a 90 phase displacement in x-y

operation

1. TASK

Set up a measuring circuit to be able to represent two alternating voltages with a 90

phase displacement.

2. EQUIPMENT

Alternating voltage supply.

Capacitor 47 F
Resistor 10 Ohms 2 W.
Oscilloscope.
Circuit building board.
Test cable.

3. CARRY-OUT THE EXERCISE

Draw graphically the result trace.

Construct the circuit.

Switch the mode selector to X-Y.

Set both amplifier gain selectors to 1V/DIV.

Observe the trace on the screen.

Vary the AMP/DIV setting, the form of the resultant trace changes.

11

12

ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE 2

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 5

Measuring voltage with an oscilloscope.

1. TASK

Determine the peak-to-peak value of three signals and calculate their effective value.

2. EQUIPMENT

Function generator.
Oscilloscope.
Connection lines.

13

3. CARRY-OUT THE EXERCISE

The following two signals appear on the screen:

Note the setting of the AMP/DIV controls.

Measure the voltages.

Calculate the effective voltages.

Calculation for Signals 1 and 2:

14

Measure the maximum voltage in the figure shown below:

15

ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 6

Determining time and frequency.

1. TASK

Determine the period duration of the three represented signals and calculate the
frequency.

2. EQUIPMENT

Function generator.
Oscilloscope.
Test cable.

3. CARRY-OUT THE EXERCISE

The following two signals are represented on the screen:

16

Determine the periodic times of both signals.

The time base switch is set to ...

The time base is set to 0.5 ms/div. Determine the periodic time and the frequency of the
triangular signal.

17

The time base is set to 5 ms/div. Determine once again the period duration and frequency
of the square-wave signal.

18

ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE 2

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 7
Indirect current measurement.

1. TASK

Measure the voltage drop across the measuring resistance 10 with the help of the
oscilloscope.

Determine the current by indirect means.

Repeat the experiment with a 100 and a 100 0 resistance and compare the measured
values with the indirectly measured values.

2. EQUIPMENT

P1

millimetre

Rmeas 1

= 1 Ohm

Rmeas 2

= 10 Ohm

Rmeas 3

= 100 Ohm

= lamp 15 V/82 mA

Oscilloscope with sensing head

Circuit building board

3. CARRY-OUT THE EXERCISE

Set up the circuit:

Measure the current directly (P1).

Measure the voltage drop across the measuring resistances.

Determine the current indirectly and record the values in the table of measured values.

19

Measurement table:

This method can be used for both direct and alternating current.

20

ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE 2

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 8

Checking the range of audibility.

1. TASK

The area of audibility of the human ear is to be checked with the help of a function
generator and a loudspeaker.

2. EQUIPMENT

Function generator
Oscilloscope
Loudspeaker 4 or 8 Ohm
Protective resistor 47 Ohm

3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

21

4. CARRY-OUT THE EXERCISE

Set the frequency of the function generator to 1 kHz.

Increase the height of the amplitude until a clearly audible signal is heard.

Adjust the vertical and horizontal amplifier gains to obtain a clearly assessable signal.

Increase or reduce the frequency until the signal is no longer heard. Measure the
periodic times for both frequencies.

Results:
Vibrations within a given range generate sounds which are audible to the human ear.
Depending on each individual person, this range is situated between 16 Hz and 20 kHz.

22

ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE 2

PRACTICAL EXERCISE 9

Current-voltage curve of a resistance.

1. TASK

The object is to represent the current-voltage curve of a resistance on an oscilloscope.

2. EQUIPMENT

R = 10 kOhm
Rmeas = 100 Ohm
Oscilloscope
Circuit building board
Voltage source 0 - 30 V.

3. CARRY-OUT THE EXERCISE

Set up the circuit.

Select the "XY" mode of operation. This switches off the time deflection. The CH 1 (X)
amplifier is now connected to the time deflector plates. The two amplifiers are now
available for the X and Y directions.

23

Draw the oscillogram onto the screen grid represented below.

24

Electronic Oscilloscope 2

Instructions for Practical Exercises

25

ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE 2

INSTRUCTION for practical exercise No. 1:

Measuring direct voltage with an oscilloscope

1. CARRY-OUT THE EXERCISE

Select a direct voltage of approx. 4.5 V.

Switch on the oscilloscope.

Switch the Input coupling to "GND".

Adjust the "focus" and "intensity" correctly.

Set the X-Y mode of operation.

Set the point with the "position" potentiometer on the lowest grid line.

Now switch the input coupling to "DC".

Connect the direct voltage source with the oscilloscope input (minus to earth).

Set the vertical gain selector to obtain the largest possible deflection (1 V/D1V).

Draw the oscillogram onto the grid.

Explanation of the oscillogram

What is the magnitude of the direct voltage?
U = AFy x Y = 1 x 4.5 = 4.5 V
U = voltage to be measured
AFy = voltage sensitivity set on the vertical gain
Y = Y-deflection in cm or graduation lines

26

27

ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE 2

INSTRUCTION for practical exercise No. 2

Measuring a sinusoidal alternating voltage with an oscilloscope

1. CARRY-OUT THE EXERCISE

Switch on the oscilloscope.

Make sure that "focus" and "intensity" are correctly set.

Switch the Input coupling to "GND"

Set the X-Y mode of Operation.

Set the point to the centre of the grid (x-position, y-position).

Switch the input coupling to "AC".

Switch on the function generator.

Turn the amplitude potentiometer to "0".

Connect the output of the function generator with the input of the oscilloscope.
Attention: connect the ground of the oscilloscope with the ground of the function
generator.

Use the amplitude potentiometer on the function generator to set the output signal to
approx. 10 V peak-to-peak (approx. 50 Hz).

Set the vertical gain selector to obtain the greatest possible deflection (2 V/Div).

Draw the oscillogram onto the grid.

28

Determine the peak-to-peak value of a voltage applied to an oscilloscope.

Upp

= AFy x Y = 2 x 5 = 10 V

Upp

= peak-to-peak value of the oscilloscope.

AFy

= voltage sensitivity set on the range switch.

= Y-deflection in cm or divisions.

Now gradually alter the frequency to approx. 1 Hz and observe the screen. Discuss your
observation.

29

ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE 2

INSTRUCTION for practical exercise No. 3

Representation of two alternating voltages, in phase and out-of phase by 180
respectively in x-y operation

1. CARRY-OUT THE EXERCISE

Construct the oscillogram onto the grid.

(Connect points 1-13 from the x and y sign& respectively).

30

Check the constructed oscillogram experimentally with the help of measuring

arrangement.

Put the oscilloscope and the function generator into operation (f = 1 - 100 Hz).

Connect the output of the function generator to the vertical input of the oscilloscope
(V = 7 V).

Set the vertical gain selector to 1 V/Div and set 7 graduation lines on the screen
(VPP = 7 V).

Set the mode selector to X-Y, now you observe a vertical line on the screen.

Disconnect the vertical input signal and apply seven volts to the horizontal Input (Xinput). As the mode selector is set to X-Y, a horizontal line is displayed on the
oscilloscope.

31

When both inputs are 7 volts, the displayed trace will be as straight as shown below.

Compare the constructed picture with the oscilloscope picture.

Carry out the same task a second time, but changing the measuring arrangement for
1800 phase displacement. Draw the oscillograms with a felt pen of another colour or in
a dotted line.

32

ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE 2

INSTRUCT1ON for practical exercise No. 4

Representation of two alternating voltages with a 90 phase displacement in X-Y
operation.

1. CARRY-OUT THE EXERCISE

Draw graphically the resultant curve on the raster below when vertical and horizontal
inputs of the oscilloscope are fed with two alternating signals with equal amplitude but
with 90 phase displacement.

33

Connect up the circuit.

Switch the mode selector to X-Y.

Adjust both gain selectors to 1 V/Div.

As the resistance of the capacitor is larger than the resistance R, the applied signals to
the oscilloscope are not equal in amplitude, an ellipse is displayed on the screen. By
adjusting the horizontal input gain, we can obtain a circular trace on the screen.

34

ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE 2

INSTRUCTION for practical exercise No. 5

Measuring voltage with an oscilloscope.

1. CARRY-OUT THE EXERC1SE

Calculations:
Signal 1

35

The peak-to-peak voltage of the following wave form is

Y=6

Upp

= 0.1 x 6 = 0.6 V

AFy = 0.1 V/div

Ueff

= Umax x 1 = 0.3 x 1 = 0.3 V

36

ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE 2

INSTRUCTION for practical exercise No. 6

Determining time and frequency.

1. CARRY-OUT THE EXERCISE

37

38

ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE 2

INSTRUCTION for practical exercise No.7

Indirect current measurement

1. CARRY-OUT THE EXERCISE

-

Connect up the following circuit.

Switch on the oscilloscope and the power supply.

Apply 15 V to the circuit.

Keep the supply voltage constant during the measurements.

Measure the voltage drop across the Rmeas.

Measure the current (P1).

Calculate the current

Enter the measured values onto the table.

/ = Umeas / Rmeas

39

Repeat the measurements for Rmeas = 10 and 100.

Compare the measured and calculated current values.

Measurement table

40

ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE 2

INSTRUCTION for practical exercise No. 8

Checking the range of audibility.

1. CARRY-OUT THE EXERCISE

Construct the circuit.

Set the function generator signal frequency to 1 kHz, then increase the signal voltage
until a clear audible signal is heard.

The output of the function generator is also connected to the oscilloscope and the
vertical gain and the time base are set so that a clear wave form is displayed on the
screen.

Reduce gradually the frequency until no audible signal is heard.

Record this frequency (f1)

Increase the frequency until no audible signal is heard.

Record this frequency (f2).

The frequency range of audibility is from f1 to f2.

41

ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE

INSTRUCTION for practical exercise No. 9

Current-voltage curve of a resistance

1. CARRY-OUT THE EXERCISE

Connect-up the circuit.

Switch on the oscilloscope.

Switch the mode selector to the X-Y position.

Adjust the gains to obtain a good display on the screen.

42

Draw the oscillogram onto the screen grid represented below.

Attention:
The voltage on the X-axis is given directly by the V/cm setting.
On the Y-axis the voltage drop must first be converted into Current.

43

Electronic Oscilloscope

Evaluation Sheet for Practical Exercises

44

EVALUATION SHEET

45

KEY TO EVALUATION

PER CENT

MARK

88 100

75 87

62 74

50 61

0 49

46

EE043

Electronic Oscilloscope
Practical Tests

47

EE 043
ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE

PRACTICAL TEST

Measuring voltage - time and frequency.

1. TASK
-

Calculate the time of a period, the frequency, the voltages Upp and Ueff

Check the calculation with the practice Instrument.

2. EQUIPMENT

Signal generator
Oscilloscope
Connecting cables

48

3. CARRY-OUT THE EXERC!SE

On the oscilloscope the following picture is displayed.

The vertical and horizontal selectors are set in the following manner:

49

Calculation:

Check the calculation

Oscilloscope and signal generator operational block diagram

the equipment adjustments are as indicated below.

Signal generator: f and Umax according to calculation
Oscilloscope setting:
Ampl/div = 0.2 V/div
Time/div = 2 ms/div

50

Draw the sine-wave on the screen indicated below, that would be displayed with the
equipment adjustments indicated above.

51

EE 043
ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE
PRACTICAL TEST
(Solution)

1. CARRY-OUT THE EXERCISE

The calculations are as follows:

Period Time:

Peak-to-peak and efficiency voltage

52

Now apply a voltage Ueff = 0.35 V and f = 83 Hz to the oscilloscope input. Set the
Amp/div to 0.2 V/div and Time/div to 2 ms/div.

Displayed trace

53

EE 043
ELECTRONIC OSCILLOSCOPE 2
EVALUATION SHEET TO PRACTICAL TEST

Calculation 4 x 10 Points

40 Points

Construction of exercise

10 Points

Checking the calculation with measurement

40 Points

Drawing the sine-wave on the screen

10 Points
TOTAL

54

100 Points

KEY TO EVALUATION

PER CENT

MARK

88 100

75 87

62 74

50 61

0 49

55