B.
C.
D.
2.
The percentage of thymine in the DNA of an organism is approximately 30%. What is the
percentage of guanine?
A.
70%
B.
30%
C.
40%
D.
20%
(Total 1 mark)
3.
B.
C.
D.
IB Questionbank Biology
4.
Which base is connected to its complementary base in a base pair by three hydrogen bonds?
A.
Uracil
B.
Thymine
C.
Guanine
D.
Adenine
(Total 1 mark)
5.
Ribose
B.
Uracil
C.
Phosphate
D.
Amino acid
(Total 1 mark)
6.
The diagram below shows one DNA nucleotide and part of a second nucleotide.
(a)
(b)
On the diagram above, draw the structures that are missing from the second nucleotide.
IB Questionbank Biology
(1)
(c)
The two nucleotides would be permanently separated during DNA replication. State one
process during which they would be temporarily separated.
......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(d)
Outline the method that can be used to amplify small quantities of DNA to obtain large
enough quantities for DNA profiling.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
7.
The diagram below shows two nucleotides linked together to form a dinucleotide.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
IB Questionbank Biology
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Distinguish between the sense and antisense strands of DNA during transcription.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
IB Questionbank Biology
8.
The following diagram shows a short stretch of DNA. What bases are indicated by labels Y and
Z?
A.
thymine
adenine
B.
thymine
guanine
C.
uracil
guanine
D.
uracil
adenine
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Biology
9.
A.
B.
C.
D.
IB Questionbank Biology
10.
The graph below shows the effect of temperature on the separation of the strands in DNA to
form single strands. The temperature at which 50% of the DNA is single-stranded is called the
melting temperature (TM).
When the temperature reaches 85C there are no more double-stranded DNA molecules.
B.
When the temperature reaches 85C the DNA strands start separating rapidly.
C.
D.
The separation of the DNA strands is directly proportional to the increase in temperature.
(Total 1 mark)
11.
B.
DNA only
C.
D.
IB Questionbank Biology
12.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
Most of the DNA of a human cell is contained in the nucleus. Distinguish between unique
and highly repetitive sequences in nuclear DNA.
(5)
(b)
Draw a labelled diagram to show four DNA nucleotides, each with a different base,
linked together in two strands.
(5)
(c)
13.
(a)
(b)
Explain how chemical bonding between water molecules makes water a valuable coolant
in living organisms.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
IB Questionbank Biology
(c)
14.
The base ratios in the DNA and RNA for an onion (Allium cepa) are given below.
Bases
A/%
G/%
C/%
T/%
DNA
31.8
18.4
18.2
31.3
Bases
A/%
G/%
C/%
U/%
RNA
24.9
29.8
24.7
20.6
DNA is only found in the nucleus but RNA is found throughout the cell.
B.
C.
In DNA, bases A and T are complementary but in RNA, bases A and C are
complementary.
D.
RNA comes in three forms but DNA only comes in one form.
(Total 1 mark)
15.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
Draw a labelled diagram to show how two nucleotides are joined together in a single
strand of DNA.
(3)
(b)
(c)
IB Questionbank Biology
IB Questionbank Biology
10
16.
In the model of the DNA molecule shown below, which arrows point to covalent bonds?
A.
B.
C.
D.
I, II and IV only
(Total 1 mark)
17.
What is the distinction between highly repetitive DNA sequences and single-copy genes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
IB Questionbank Biology
11
18.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
19.
(a)
(4)
(b)
IB Questionbank Biology
12
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(c)
20.
B.
C.
Nucleotides added by DNA polymerase I in the same direction as the replication fork
D.
Sections of RNA removed by DNA polymerase III and replaced with DNA
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Biology
13
21.
[Source: image from W K Purves, et al., (2003) Life: The Science of Biology, 4, Sinauer Associates
(www.sinauer.com) and W H Freeman (www.whfreeman.com)]
A.
RNA polymerase
B.
Helicase
C.
DNA polymerase
D.
Ligase
(Total 1 mark)
22.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
Explain why DNA must be replicated before mitosis and the role of helicase in DNA
replication.
(4)
(b)
(c)
IB Questionbank Biology
14
23.
What is the reason for Okazaki fragments being formed during DNA replication?
A.
B.
C.
D.
24.
B.
C.
D.
25.
B.
C.
D.
DNA only
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Biology
15
26.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
27.
B.
C.
D.
IB Questionbank Biology
16
28.
The diagram below shows part of a DNA molecule that is being replicated.
Where would DNA polymerase link the next nucleotide during replication?
A.
B.
II
C.
III
D.
IV
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Biology
17
29.
The diagram shows part of a molecule produced by replication of DNA. What is the
significance of the shaded and the unshaded regions?
A.
The shaded parts are DNA and the unshaded parts are mRNA.
B.
The shaded parts contain adenine and thymine and the unshaded parts contain guanine
and cytosine.
C.
D.
One of the parts has been newly synthesized and the other was part of a pre-existing DNA
molecule.
(Total 1 mark)
30.
RNA primase
B.
DNA polymerase I
C.
DNA ligase
D.
Helicase
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Biology
18
31.
(a)
(ii)
(b)
Distinguish between DNA and RNA nucleotides by giving two differences in the
chemical structure of the molecules.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(c)
IB Questionbank Biology
19
32.
II
III
A.
hydrogen bond
base
deoxyribose
B.
hydrogen bond
deoxyribose
phosphate group
C.
covalent bond
base
deoxyribose
D.
covalent bond
deoxyribose
phosphate group
(Total 1 mark)
33.
CGGUAUGCUAGC
B.
GCCATACGATCG
C.
CGGTATGCTAGC
D.
GCCAUACGAUCG
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Biology
20
34.
Where does the RNA polymerase bind during the process of transcription?
A.
The polysome
B.
The operator
C.
The promoter
D.
The initiator
(Total 1 mark)
35.
What sequence of processes is carried out by the structure labelled X during translation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
IB Questionbank Biology
21
36.
In some people, hemoglobin always contains the amino acid valine in place of a glutamic acid at
one position in the protein. What is the cause of this?
A.
B.
C.
D.
37.
Exons
B.
Introns
C.
Codons
D.
Nucleosomes
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Biology
22
38.
The table below shows the codons that determine different amino acids in protein translation.
First base
Third base
in codon
in codon
Phe
Ser
Tyr
Cys
Phe
Ser
Tyr
Cys
Leu
Ser
Leu
Ser
Trp
Leu
Pro
His
Arg
Leu
Pro
His
Arg
Leu
Pro
Gln
Arg
Leu
Pro
Gln
Arg
Ile
Thr
Asn
Ser
Ile
Thr
Asn
Ser
Ile
Thr
Lys
Arg
Met
Thr
Lys
Arg
Val
Ala
Asp
Gly
Val
Ala
Asp
Gly
Val
Ala
Glu
Gly
Val
Ala
Glu
Gly
What is the sequence of the amino acids that is being translated from the following mRNA
sequence?
5 AUGGGUGCUUAUUGGUAA 3
A.
Met-Pro-Arg-Ile-Thr
B.
Met-Cys-Ser-Tyr-Trp
C.
Met-Gly-Ala-Tyr-Trp
D.
Met-Gly-Tyr-Ala-Thr
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Biology
23
39.
B.
C.
Formation of clones
D.
Infection by bacteria
(Total 1 mark)
40.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
Eukaryotic cells have intracellular and extracellular components. State the functions of
one named extracellular component.
(4)
(b)
(c)
Translation occurs in living cells. Explain how translation is carried out, from the
initiation stage onwards.
(9)
(Total 20 marks)
41.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
(b)
Distinguish between fibrous and globular proteins with reference to one example of each
protein type.
(6)
IB Questionbank Biology
24
IB Questionbank Biology
25
(c)
42.
Rice (Oryza sativa) is usually intolerant to sustained submergence under water, although it
grows rapidly in height for a few days before dying. This is true for one variety, Oryza sativa
japonica. The variety Oryza sativa indica is much more tolerant to submergence.
Three genetically modified forms of O. sativa japonica, GMFA, GMFB and GMFC, were made
using different fragments of DNA taken from O. sativa indica.
The plants were then submerged for a period of 11 days. The heights of all the plants were
measured at the beginning and at the end of the submergence period.
[Adapted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd, Xu et al. 2006. Sub1A is an ethylene-response-factor-like
gene that confers submergence tolerance to rice. Nature. Vol 442. Pp 705708. Copyright 2006.
http://www.nature.com/]
IB Questionbank Biology
26
(a)
(i)
State which group of rice plants were the shortest at the beginning of the
experiment.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Calculate the percentage change in height for the O. sativa japonica unmodified
variety during the submergence period. Show your working.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
Explain how the error bars can be used to compare the results for O. sativa indica.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(c)
Deduce the general relationship between the growth of all the japonica varieties and their
stated tolerance level.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(1)
IB Questionbank Biology
27
(d)
In the same experiment, the researchers hypothesized that the capacity to survive when
submerged is related to the presence of three genes very close to each other on rice chromosome
number 9; these genes were named Sub1A, Sub1B and Sub1C. The photograph below of part of
a gel shows relative amounts of messenger RNA produced from these three genes by the
submergence-intolerant variety, O. sativa japonica, and by the submergence-tolerant variety, O.
sativa indica, at different times of a submergence period, followed by a recovery period out of
water.
[Adapted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd, Xu et al. 2006. Sub1A is an ethylene-response-factor-like
gene that confers submergence tolerance to rice. Nature. Vol 442. Pp 705708. Copyright 2006.
http://www.nature.com/]
(e)
(i)
Determine which gene produced the most mRNA on the first day of the
submergence period for variety O. sativa japonica.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
IB Questionbank Biology
28
(ii)
Outline the difference in mRNA production for the three genes during the
submergence period for variety O. sativa indica.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(iii)
Compare the mRNA production for the three genes during the submergence period
between the two varieties.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(f)
Deduce, using all the data, which gene was used to modify GMFC.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
IB Questionbank Biology
29
(g)
Evaluate, using all the data, how modified varieties of rice could be used to overcome
food shortages in some countries.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 17 marks)
43.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
State four elements that are needed by living organisms, other than carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen, giving one role of each.
(4)
(b)
Outline how light energy is used and how organic molecules are made in photosynthesis.
(6)
(c)
Explain the significance of complementary base pairing for replication, transcription and
translation.
(8)
(Total 20 marks)
44.
What is a polysome?
A.
A ribosome that is synthesizing proteins from several mRNA molecules at the same time
B.
C.
Several ribosomes using a mRNA molecule to synthesize protein at the same time
D.
Several ribosomes that are synthesizing different proteins for use in the cytoplasm
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Biology
30
IB Questionbank Biology
31
45.
Gibberellin promotes both seed germination and plant growth. Researchers hypothesize that the
gene GID1 in rice (Oryza sativa) codes for the production of a cell receptor for gibberellin.
The mutant variety gid1-1 for that gene leads to rice plants with a severe dwarf phenotype and
infertile flowers when homozygous recessive. It is suspected that homozygous recessive gid1-1
plants fail to degrade the protein SLR1 which, when present, inhibits the action of gibberellin.
The graphs show the action of gibberellin on the leaves and -amylase activity of wild-type rice
plants (WT) and their gid1-1 mutants.
[Adapted by permission from Macmillan Ltd, Ueguchi-Tanaka, M et al. 2005. Gibberellin-insensitive dwarf1
encodes a soluble receptor for gibberellins. Nature. Vol 437. Pp 693698. Copyright (2005).]
(a)
(i)
(ii)
IB Questionbank Biology
32
(iii)
(b)
Discuss the consequence of crossing gid1-1 heterozygous rice plants amongst themselves
for food production.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(3)
IB Questionbank Biology
33
Most rice varieties are intolerant to sustained submergence under water and will usually die
within a week. Researchers have hypothesized that the capacity to survive when submerged is
related to the presence of three genes very close to each other on rice chromosome number 9;
these genes were named Sub1A, Sub1B and Sub1C. The photograph below of part of a gel
shows relative amounts of messenger RNA produced from these three genes by the
submergence-intolerant variety, O. sativa japonica, and by the submergence-tolerant variety, O.
sativa indica, at different times of a submergence period, followed by a recovery period out of
water.
[Adapted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd, Xu et al. 2006. Nature. Vol 442. Pp 705708. Copyright
2006. http://www.nature.com/]
(c)
(i)
Determine which gene produced the most mRNA on the first day of the
submergence period for variety O. sativa japonica.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Outline the difference in mRNA production for the three genes during the
submergence period for variety O. sativa indica.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
IB Questionbank Biology
34
(d)
Using only this data, deduce which gene confers submersion resistance to rice plants.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
The OsGI gene causes long-day flowering and the effect of its overexpression has been
observed in a transgenic variety of rice. Some wild-type rice (WT) and transgenic plants were
exposed to long days (14 hours of light per day) and others to short days (9 hours of light per
day).
The shades of grey represent the genotypes of the transgenic plants, where:
[Adapted by permission from Macmillan Ltd, Ueguchi-Tanaka, M et al. 2005. Gibberellin-insensitive dwarf1
encodes a soluble receptor for gibberellins. Nature. Vol 437. Pp 693698. Copyright (2005).]
IB Questionbank Biology
35
(e)
(i)
State the overall effect of overexpression of the OsGI gene in plants treated with
short-day light.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Compare the results between the plants treated with short-day light and the plants
treated with long-day light.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(iii)
State, giving one reason taken from the data opposite, if unmodified rice is a shortday plant or a long-day plant.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(f)
Discuss, using only the data opposite, if OsGI and OsGI behave as codominant alleles.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
IB Questionbank Biology
36
(g)
Evaluate, using all the data, how modified varieties of rice could be used to overcome
food shortages in some countries.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 19 marks)
46.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
47.
What is a codon?
A.
B.
C.
D.
IB Questionbank Biology
37
(Total 1 mark)
48.
The antisense strand on the DNA molecule coding for three codons of a gene is
TATCGCACG
What are the anticodons of the three tRNA molecules that correspond to this sequence?
A.
B.
C.
D.
49.
B.
C.
D.
50.
B.
C.
D.
Polypeptide synthesis
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Biology
38
51.
A certain gene in a bacterium codes for a polypeptide that is 120 amino acids long. How many
nucleotides are needed in the mRNA to code for this polypeptide?
A.
30
B.
40
C.
360
D.
480
(Total 1 mark)
52.
What is the source of the oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis?
A.
Chlorophyll
B.
C.
Water only
D.
53.
Blue
B.
Green
C.
White
D.
Red
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Biology
39
54.
Temperature
B.
Light intensity
C.
pH
D.
Substrate concentration
(Total 1 mark)
55.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
Living organisms at every trophic level are part of the carbon cycle. Draw a labelled
diagram of the carbon cycle to show the processes involved.
(9)
(b)
Explain, using an example of a food chain, how trophic levels can be deduced.
(4)
(c)
56.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
Outline condensation and hydrolysis reactions using a different example for each.
(5)
(b)
Outline the effect of temperature and substrate concentration on the activity of enzymes.
(4)
(c)
IB Questionbank Biology
40
(9)
(Total 20 marks)
IB Questionbank Biology
41
57.
The rate of photosynthesis in the marine seagrass, Zostera marina, was investigated under a
range of pH conditions. After a period of darkness, the plants were illuminated at a constant
light intensity at 15C and the rate of photosynthesis was measured. Zostera marina can use
both dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen carbonate ions for photosynthesis. The rate
of photosynthesis is plotted on the y-axis on the left. In addition, the concentration of carbon
dioxide was measured for each pH investigated and is plotted on the y-axis on the right.
[Source: Plant physiology by AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS. Copyright 2008 Reproduced
with permission of AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT BIOLOGISTS in the format CD ROM via Copyright
Clearance Center.]
(a)
IB Questionbank Biology
42
(b)
(c)
(d)
Suggest how Zostera marina can perform photosynthesis even at very low carbon dioxide
concentrations.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(e)
Based on the information and data provided, discuss the role of one limiting factor, other
than carbon dioxide, and suggest how this would affect the rate of photosynthesis.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 7 marks)
IB Questionbank Biology
43
58.
The effect of temperature on photosynthesis was studied in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) using
leaf discs. The production of oxygen was used to measure the rate of photosynthesis.
Gross photosynthesis refers to the sum of net photosynthesis and respiration. Net photosynthesis
was calculated by subtracting the rate of respiration in the dark from gross photosynthesis.
[Source: Adapted from R Ribeiro et al. 2006. Cincia e Agrotecnologia. Vol 30. Pp 670678.]
(a)
(b)
Determine the difference between gross photosynthesis and net photosynthesis at 40C
and 50C.
40C: ..........................................................................................................................
50C: ..........................................................................................................................
(2)
(c)
Deduce what happens to the rate of respiration as the temperature increases between 40C
and 50C.
......................................................................................................................................
(1)
IB Questionbank Biology
44
(d)
(i)
(ii)
59.
Thylakoid membranes
B.
Stroma
C.
Matrix
D.
Cristae
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Biology
45
60.
What is produced by the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis and used in the Calvin
cycle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
61.
The photosynthetic activity of desert plants is often reduced in the middle of the day. What is
the most reasonable explanation for this fact?
A.
B.
C.
D.
62.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
All organisms in an ecosystem are involved in the carbon cycle. Outline the roles of
living organisms in the carbon cycle.
(8)
(b)
Explain how triose phosphate is produced and used in the chloroplasts of a plant.
(5)
(c)
IB Questionbank Biology
46
IB Questionbank Biology
47
63.
A plant is exposed to increasing light intensity from very dim to bright light, while the carbon
dioxide concentration and temperature are kept at an optimum level. What will happen to the
rate of oxygen production?
A.
B.
C.
D.
64.
Global atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are rising. A study was carried out to test if the
temperature dependence of photosynthesis was altered by elevated atmospheric CO 2.
Maize plants were grown in natural sunlight in controlled environmental chambers at different
temperatures using current atmospheric and doubled CO 2 levels.
The graph below shows daily patterns of CO2 exchange at three different temperatures.
Open shapes (, , ) represent current atmospheric CO2 levels and closed shapes (, , )
represent elevated CO2 levels.
[Reprinted from: Kim, S H et al. 2007. Temperature dependence of growth, development, and photosynthesis in
maize under elevated CO2. Environmental and Experimental Botany. Vol 61. Pp 224236.]
IB Questionbank Biology
48
(a)
(i)
(ii)
Explain the reasons for maximum carbon dioxide exchange rate at this time.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
State the temperature that resulted in the highest rate of photosynthesis under current
atmospheric conditions.
......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
Using the data in the graph, discuss whether rising carbon dioxide levels in the
atmosphere will increase growth rates in maize.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
IB Questionbank Biology
49
65.
Primary production is directly related to the amount of photosynthesis that occurs in a cubic
metre of water. In the waters around Bermuda (32 N) in the Atlantic Ocean, microscopic
phytoplankton are the producers. They use trace nutrients from seawater in their metabolism.
These nutrients are a limiting factor in total population size. A dense phytoplankton population
makes the water cloudy. The data shows primary production per day for each month for the year
2000 at different water depths.
[Source: DataStreme Ocean, American Meteorological Society (2004). Reprinted with permission.]
(a)
(b)
IB Questionbank Biology
50
(c)
In the upper 40 m there is a drop in photosynthesis from March to June. This is probably
due to lack of nutrients, reducing the population density.
Suggest, with a reason other than nutrient levels, what might have increased
photosynthesis at 100 m from April to August.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(d)
IB Questionbank Biology
51
66.
Where are the light-dependent and light-independent reactions taking place in the diagram
below?
Light-dependent
Light-independent
A.
IV
B.
II
III
C.
III
II
D.
IV
I
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Biology
52
67.
Ribosome
B.
Stroma
C.
Inner membrane
D.
Thylakoid
(Total 1 mark)
68.
B.
C.
D.
IB Questionbank Biology
53
69.
Which graph best represents the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis of a plant?
(Total 1 mark)
70.
B.
ATP synthesis
C.
Reduction of NADP
D.
Reduction of CO2
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Biology
54
71.
B.
C.
D.
72.
B.
C.
To produce ATP
D.
73.
Blue
B.
Green
C.
Yellow
D.
Orange
(Total 1 mark)
74.
(a)
State the property of stem cells that makes them useful in medical treatment.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(1)
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55
(b)
(c)
75.
(a)
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(b)
76.
B.
In the stroma
C.
D.
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57
77.
Which of the following graphs represents the effect of changing light intensity on the rate of
oxygen production by a green plant?
(Total 1 mark)
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58
78.
What conclusion can be drawn from examining the action spectrum for a green plant shown
below?
A.
B.
C.
D.
79.
Stroma of chloroplast
B.
Mitochondrial matrix
C.
Cytoplasm
D.
Inside thylakoid
(Total 1 mark)
80.
(a)
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59
(b)
(c)
81.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Explain the effect of light intensity and temperature on the rate of photosynthesis.
(8)
(Total 20 marks)
82.
Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis. What is the source of this oxygen inside the plant?
A.
B.
Carbon dioxide
C.
Glucose
D.
Water
(Total 1 mark)
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60
83.
The graph below shows the results of an experiment to determine the effect of salt (NaCl)
concentration on photosynthesis of the freshwater green alga Chlorella vulgaris. The
experiment attempted to determine the effect of salt concentration on the light-dependent
reactions overall and separately on photosystem I and photosystem II.
[Source: M M El-Sheekh, Inhibition of the water splitting system by sodium chloride stress in the green alga
Chlorella vulgaris, Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, Volume 16, Issue 1, Figure 1, (2004)]
(a)
Describe the effect of salt concentration on the activity of the light-dependent reactions
overall.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Compare the effect of increasing salt concentration on photosystem I with the effect on
photosystem II.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(1)
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61
(c)
When salt concentration is increased, some algal cells increase their rates of cyclic
photophosphorylation. Deduce the reasons for this.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(d)
Using the graph, predict the effect of high salt concentration on the growth of Chlorella
vulgaris. Give a reason for your answer.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
84.
B.
Two glycerate 3-phosphates are linked together to form one hexose phosphate.
C.
D.
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85.
What is the advantage of having a small volume inside the thylakoids of the chloroplast?
A.
B.
C.
D.
86.
B.
C.
D.
87.
(a)
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63
(b)
Explain the relationship between the structure of the chloroplast and its function.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)
(c)
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88.
E le c tr o n s
X
E le c tro n s
L ig h t
P h o to s y s te m I
L ig h t
P h o to s y s te m II
A.
B.
NADP NADPH + H
C.
H2O O + 2H
D.
NADPH + H NADP
(Total 1 mark)
89.
B.
Glycerate3-phosphate (GP)
C.
D.
Acetyl CoA
(Total 1 mark)
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65
90.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
(b)
Outline the role of chlorophyll and the effects of temperature, light intensity and carbon
dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.
(6)
(c)
Explain the production of energy during aerobic respiration from pyruvate that has been
produced by glycolysis.
(8)
(Total 20 marks)
91.
DNA polymerase
B.
Helicase
C.
Protease
D.
RNA polymerase
(Total 1 mark)
92.
If mRNA has a codon CAU, what is the corresponding anticodon on the tRNA molecule?
A.
CAT
B.
GUA
C.
CAU
D.
GTA
(Total 1 mark)
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66
93.
Types of nucleotides
B.
C.
Types of sugars
D.
Types of bases
(Total 1 mark)
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67