`Coarse aggregate :Retained on 2.

36mm sieve
Fine aggregate :- Passed 2.36mm & retained on 75 mic.
501.2.2 : Where crusher agg/gravel to be used as aggregate not lrss than 90% by wt. of the crushed material retained on the 4.75mm
sieve shall have at least two fractured face.
501.3 :

Difference in binder & aggregate temperature should not exceed 14

501.8.2.4 (ii)
where maximum thickness of profile corrective course will be not more than 40mm, the profile corrective course shall
be constructed as an integral part of the overlay course. In other case, the profile corrective course shall be constructed as a seprate
Layers.
Type of material where it is to be laid as part of the overlay/strengthening course, the profile corrective course material
shall be of the same specification as that of overlay/strengthening course.
501.8.8.1 :
Rate of premixed bituminious material shall include:
(Vii) Carrying out all tests for control of quality.
(X) All necessary testing, mix design, transporting & testing fo samples, cores. It these is not a project specific laboratory the contractor
must arrange to carry out all necessary testing at an outside laboratory, approved by the Engineer and all costs incurred are deemed to be
included in the rate quoted for the material.
502.4.4 : A forimed surface shall be allowed to cure for at least 24 hrs or such others period as is found to be necessary to allows all the
volatile to evaporate before any subsequent treatment or mix is laid.
502.4.5 :
Over the primed surface a tack coat should be applied in accordance to clause 503.
507.3.5 :
The density of finished paving layers shall be determined by tacking cores no sooner than 24 hrs after laying.
510.2.4/5 :
When aggregate fails to pass stipping test than an approved adhesion agent may be added or alternatively chips may
be precoated before spreading except when the sprayed bindes film is a bituminious emulsion.
510.3.6 :
Second coat should not be applied until the first coat has been open to traffic for 2 to 3 weeks.
508.9 :
The variance in actual % of bitumen used will be assessed and payment adjusted up and down accordingly.
511.1.3.6 :
A seal coat comparising to clause 513 shall be applied to the surface immediately after laying the surfacing. (For P.C.)
513.1.2(A)
Liquid seal coat comparising of an application of a layers of bituminous binder followed by a cover of stone chips.
Quantity of Bitumen = 9.8 kg/10m for Type A
Stone chips
6.7mm size-1009 passing 11.2 mm and retained on 2.36m sieve. Quantity used gorspreading0.09 m/10m area.
513.1.2 Type B :
Premixed seal coat thin application of fine aggregate premixed with bituminious binder.
Quantity of bitumen=6.8 kg/10m area; Aggregate shall pass 2.36 mm & retained of 180 mic. Quantity used for premixing 0.06 m/10 m
area
Where bitumen emulsion is used as binder, quantity for Type A& B seal coat shall be 15kg and 10.5kg respectively.

516.4.3 :
It required by the engineer, a tack coat may be applied pair to the slorry seal; Rate of spread of tack coat shall be 0.15
to 0.30 wtress/m for bituminious surface and 0.4 to 0.6 litre/m for concrete surface.
5.3.4.3 :
Where the material to receive an overlay is a freshly laid bituminious layer that has not been subjected to traffic or
contaminated by dust, a tack coat is not mandatory where the overlay is completed within two days.

The normal range of temperature for spraying bitumen emulsion shall be 20

to 80

504.2.5 :

if 12c-70, 19

to 70

& for uit back 50

to 70 is used.

The aggragateshal be proportional and blended to procedure a uniform mixture complying with the requirements of

Table 500-4. The binder conent shall be witnin a tolerance of

0.3 percnt by weight of total mixture when individual specimens are

taken for quality control tests.

501.3.5 :
The density of the finished Layer shall be determined by taking cores, no sooner than 24 hrs after Laying or by other
approved method.
507.5 :
The newly Laid surface shall not be open to traffic for at least 24 hrs after Laying and completion without the express
approved of the engineer in writing.
4.10.1 :

The angle of crossing between centre Line of the road and that of rails should not ordinarily be sharper than 45

for vehicheles traffic. Whereas for cattle crossing and fool path the angle of crossing should be 90

8.1.2 :
For beding of Hume Pipes graded sand or any others granular material passing 4.75 mm sieve, the thickness of
bedding Layers should be minimum 75 mm.
For height of fill greater than 4mm continuous concrete craddle bedding mix not leaner than MISO.
8.1.3 :
The minimum longitudinal slope should be 1:100. Piped should have cushion at least 0.6m excluding crust thickness.

TABLE 500-4

Mix Designation
Nom. Agg. Size
Layer thickness I.S.
Seive (mm)
45
37.5
26.5
19
13.2
4.75
2.36
0.3
0.075
Bit. Cont. by % of
wt. of total mix Bit
Grade

TABLE 500-5
Bit. Pen
35
65
90
508.9 :

COMPOSITION OF BM
GRADING I
GRADING II
40mm
19mm
80-100 mm
50-75 mm
Cum. % by
Cum.
%
by
wt.ofagg. passing
wt.ofagg. passing
100

90-100
75-100
100

90-100
35-61
56-88
13-22
16-36
4-19
4-19
2-10
2-10
0-8
0-8
3.1-3.4
3.3-3.5
35-90

35-90

Bit. Mixing
160-170
150-165
140-160

Agg. Mixing
160-170
150-170
140-165

GRADING
Nom. Agg. Size
Layer thickness I.S.
Seive (mm)
19
13.2
9.5
4.75
2.36
1.18
0.6
0.3
0.15
0.075
Bit. Cont. by % of
wt. of total mix Bit
Grade

Mixed Mat.
170 Max
165 Max
155 Max

COMPOSITION OF SDBC
1
2
13 mm
10 mm
35-40 mm
25-30 mm
Cum. % by
Cum.
%
by
wt.ofagg. passing
wt.ofagg. passing
100
100
90-100
90-100
70-90
70-90
35-51
35-51
24-39
24-39
15-30
15-30

9-19
9-19

3-8
3-8
Min 4.5%

Min 5.0%

65

65

Rolling
100 Min
90 Min
80 Min

Laying
138 Min
125 Min
115 Min

The variance in actual % of bitumen used with be assessed and payment adjusted up or down, accordingly.

Physical Requirements for

Clealiness :Granin size :
Paricleshape :Flakinesst elongation index :
Strength :L.A.A.brasion value
Durability : Soundness a)Sod. Sul.

BM
SDBC
Max 5% passing 0.075 mm Max 5% passing 0.075 mm
Max 30%
Max 30%
Max 40%
Max 35%
Max 12%
Max 12%

b)MafSul.
Water absorption :
Stripping : Coating & stripping of Bitumen
Agg. Mixtures
Water sensitivity : Retained Tensile stg.
Table 500-28 :
of aggregate:

Max 18%
Max 2%

Max 18%
Max 2%
Min retained coating 95%
Min retained coating 95%

Min 80%

Min retained coating 95%

Percentage reduction in volume computed by stack measurements to arrive at the volume to be paid for standard size

75mm and 63mm : 12.5

45mm 4265mm: 10.0
22.4mm, 13.2mm,11.2mm, 6.7mm : 5.0; fine aggregate : 5.0
Crack Prevention course :
SAM is stress absorbing membrane is a elastomeric bitumen rubber membrane, which is laid ones a cracked road surface,
together with a covering of aggregate chips in orders to extend life of pavement berore major treatment is carried out. SAM can be laid as a
single coat or double coat.
A SAMI is a inter layer applied to a cracked surface but which is followed within 12 months by the application of overlay course. A SAMI may
be material similar to that used for a SAM.
10 kg bitumen :1 kg Rubber Rubber powder & 500gm Lime Powder 0.75 to 1.00g/m
Cracl Prevention Course : Table 500-47
S.No.
1
2
3

Type & Width of Crack

Sp. of SAM applied

Hair crack & map crack upto

3mm width
Map cracks or alligator cracks
3 mm to 6 mmw.
Map cracks or alligator crack 6
mm to 9 mmw.

Single coat SAM or 2nd coat of

two coat of SAM
Single coat SAM

Cracks above 9 mmw.

cracked area >50%

&

All types of cracks with crack

w.<6mm

Two coat of SAM

1st coat
2nd coat
Two coat SAM
1st coat
2nd coat
Single coat SAM as interlayer

Qty. of
kg/10m

binder

Qty of Chippings

8-10

0.10 m of 5.6 mm chips.

10-12

0.11 m of 5.6 mm chips

14-16
8-10
14-16

In a ratio of 1:1 both 0.12 m of 5.6

mm & 11.2 m
0.10 pf 5.6 mm chips
0.12 m pf 11.2 mm chips

8-10
8-10

0.10 m of 5.6 mm chips

0.10 m of 5.6 mm chips

All types of crcks with crack

w.>6mm

Single coat SAM as interlayer

10-12

0.10 m of 11.2 mm chips

Second coat SAM/SAMI if required shall be applied within 90 days of the first.
Viscocity requirement & Quantity of liquid Bituminious Primer
Type of surface
Kinematic viscocity
60
Low Porosity
Medium Porosity
High Porosity

Quantity of liquid Bituminiousat

(Centistokes)

30-60
70-140
250-500

500-13 Permissible variation from job Mixformula

Description
Agg. Passing 19 mm sieve

Material per 10 sqm

6 to 9
9 to 12
12 to 15

Permissible

8%

13.2 mm, 9.5 mm

4.75 mm

2.36 mm, 1.18 mm, 0.6 mm

0.3 mm, 0.15mm

0.075 mm

Binder content

Mixing temperature

%
6%
5%
4%
2%

0.3%
10%

Variation

7%
6%
5%
4%
3%
1.5%
0.3%
10%

Table 500.16
Minimum stability (KNat 60

SDBC Requirement
8.2

MinimumFlous (mm)
Compaction Lenel (No. of blows)
Percent Air voids
Percent void in Mineral Aggregate (VMA)
Percent void filled with bitumen (VFB)

2
TS blows for each of the two faces of the specimen.
3-5
See Table 500-12
65-78

514.6 :
The contract unit rate shall be payment in full for collecting, conveying and stocking or storing at the site including fill
compensation for all royalties, fees, rents where necessary all leads, lifts all labour T&P equipments and incidentals to complete the work to
the specification including all testing required & specified.
501.5.1 :
below 10

Laying of bituminous mixture shall not be carried our when the air temperature at the surface on which it is to be laid is

515 Mastic Asphalt

Table 500-29
151203

15

(In cold climate regions (temp

Softening Point

151205

65

10

Softer penetration grade 30/40 may be used

Loss on heating for 5 hr at 163

Solobility in trick Loro ethylene %

Ash (mineral matter) %

by mass

Max IS1212

2.0

by mass
by mass

Min IS 1216
Max IS 1217

95
1.0

Penetration

10

Table 500-30 Grade & thickness of Mastic Asphalt paving & grading of coarse Aqq.
Application

thickness (mm)

Nominal size of C.A.

C.A. content by % mass of total mix

Roads & Carriage way

Heavily stressed areas

25-50
40-50

13 mm
13 mm

40
45

10

10

i.e. junction & toll plaza

NOMINAL SIZE OF C.A. 13mm
I.S. Seive
19 mm
13.2 mm
2.36 mm

Comulative % passing by weight

100
88-96
0-5

Fine Aggregates :- Fraction passing 2.36 mm sieve & retained on 0.075 mm

Fillers :
Limestone powder passing 0.075 mm & shall have calcium content not less than 80 percent by weight.

Table 500-31
Grading of Fine Aggregate (inclusive of fillers)
I.S. Seive
% by weight of aggregate
Passing 2.36 mm but retained on
0.600 mm
0-25
0.600 mm
0.212 mm
10-30
0.212 mm
0.075 mm
10-30
0.075 mm
(Bit 14%) (Bit 17%)
515.3.1 :- The mastic asphalt shall have hardness number aty the time of manufacture 60 to 80 at 25
aggregate and 10 to 20 at 25

prior to the addition of coarse

at the time of laying after the addition of coarse aggregate as per I.S. 1195-1978.

Table 500-32 Composition of Mastic Asphalt Blocks without C.A.

I.S. Seive
% by weight of mastic asphalt
Minimum Maximum
Pasing 2.36 mm but related on 0.6mm 0
22
0.600mm
0.212 mm
4
30
0.212 mm
0.075 mm
8
18

0.075 mm
Bitumen content

25
14

45
17

903 Quality control Test :-Table 900-4 Quality control tests for Bituminous works and their minimum frequency.
S.No.

Type of construction

Test
i)Quality of binder

Prime coat/Tack coat

ii)Binder temperature
iii)Rate of spread of binder
i) Quality of binder

Seal coat/Surface dressing

ii) Agg. Impact/ L.A.Ab value

iii) Flakiness & Elongation index
iV) Stripping value (1 mm tray
coat)
v) Water absorption
vi) Water sensitivity
vii) Grading of aggregate
viii) Soundness (Mang& Sod.

Min. frequency
No. of samples per lot & tests as per IS:73, IS:217 &
IS;8887 as applicable.
At regular interval
One test per 500m & not less than 2 test per day.
No. of samples per lot & tests as per IS:73, IS:217 &
IS;8887 as applicable.
One test/50m of aggregate
One test/50m of aggregate
One set of 3 rep. specimen initially then on change of
source
One set of 3 rep. specimen initially then on change of
source
One set of 3 rep. specimen initially then on change of
source
One / 25 m of aggregate
Intially one determination by each method for each source

Sulphate)
Ix) Polished stone value
x) Temp. of bindes at application
xi) Rate of spread
xii) % of fractured face
A) Grading of aggregate

3
Bituminous Macadam

SCBC

B) Bindescontemt&n aggregate
grading
C) Rates of spread of mixed
material
D) Density of compacted layer
A) Mix grading
B) Stability of mix

C) Control of binder
5

i) Quality of binder
Slurry sell
ii) Film stripping test

i) Softening point
ii) Penetration at 25
iii) Elastic recovery
Modified binder

Iv) Ductility
v) Flash point

of supply than or change

As required
At regular close internal
One / 500 m & not less than two test/day
When gravel is used one / 50 m
Two tests / day / plant both on individual constituents &
mixes aggregate from dryer.
Periodic, subject to minimum two tests per day per plant.
Regular control through cheless of layer thickness.
One test per 250 m of area.
One set of tests on individual constituents and mixed
aggregate from the dryer for each 400 T. of mix subjected
to two test per plant per day.
For each 400T of mix produced, a set of three marshall
specimen tobe prepared and tested for stability, fion
value, density &viod content subjected to two sets being
tested / plant / day.
One test for each 400 T of mix subject to a minimum of
two tests per day plant.
No. of samples per lot & tests as per IS:73, IS:217 &
IS;8887 as applicable.
Initially one set of 3 representative specimen for each
source of supply than as warranted on change of quality
of aggregate.
Initially on submission thereafter daily if site blended
weekly if pre-blended.
Initially on submission thereafter daily if site blended
weekly if pre-blended.
Initially on submission thereafter daily if site blended
weekly if pre-blended.
Initially on submission thereafter daily if site blended
weekly if pre-blended.
Initially on submission thereafter daily if site blended

vi) Frass breaking

Vii) Viscocity at 150

viii) Their film test elastic recovery

of residue, less of heaating

weekly if pre-blended.
Initially on submission
Initially on submission
Initially on submission

Table 4007
S.No.

Grading for C.A.

I.S. sieve
125 mm
90
63
45

% passing by wt.
100
90-4100
25-60
0-15

1.

90mm - 45mm

2.

63mm-45mm

90 mm
63
53
45
22.4

100
90-100
25-75
0-15
0-15

3.

53mm-22.4mm

63 mm
53
45
22.4
11.2

100
95-100
655-90
0-10
0-5

Grading for Screning

I.S. sieve
% by wt.passing.
A13.2 mm
13.2 mm
100
11.2
95-100
5.6
15-35
180 mic
0-10
B11.2 mm
11.2 mm
100
5.6
90-100
180 mic
15.35
L.L. and P.I. below 20& 6 respectively & fraction passing T 5
mic sieve does not exceed 10 percent.
Binding Material having a P.E.<6 & quantity for 75 mm thick
WBM are 0.06-0.09 mg, 0.08-0.10 m for 100 mm compacted

Cl. 10.6.7 Acceptance Criteria :

The density and stability values should confirm to the following acceptance criteria :
Mean value is not less than specified value plus times the standard deviation :
[1.65 1.65
]
(No. of sample)0.5
U. 10.6.7 Acceptance criteria :-The density and stability values should confirm to the following acceptance criteria:
Mean value is not ;esstjem the specified value plus times the standard deviation :
As per clause 4.2.7 a value of 365000 PCUs can be adopted for four lane divided carriageway located in plain terrain. It
is assumed for this purpose that reasonable good earthen shoulders exist on the outer side and a minimum 3.0 m wide central verge exists.
In case well designed paned shoulders of 1.45 m width are provided the capacity value of four lane dual roads can be taken upto 40,000
PSUs.
4.8 :
[For Two-lane road 7.0 m width Good shoulders]
Single lane (3.75 m) curvature (0-50)
=
2000 (suggested design service volume)
Intermediate lane (5.5 m) curvature (0-50)
=
6000
Two lane (7.0 m) curvature (0-50)
=
15000
Teo lane (7.0 m) with 1.5 m paned shoulders on each side = 15% increase
4.3.7 :

In urban locations the warning signs should be located at about 50 m away from the point of hazard.

Table 2.6 :Approximate soaked CBR value of soils

Type
P.I.
C.B.R.
Sand

8-25
These are rough indications.
Clayey sand
5-15
5-8
Sandy clay
15-25
4-6
The CBR of sand depends to a great extenton degree of confinement.
Silty clay
25-40
3-5
Heavy clay
> 40
1-3
Table 3.3 Design speed
Road class
NH & SH Ruling
Min.
MDR Ruling
Min.
ODR Ruling
Min.
VR Ruling

Plain(0-10%)
100
80
80
65
65
50
50

Rolling(10-25%)
80
65
65
50
50
40
40

Mountain(25-60%) Hilly(>60%)
50
40
40
30
40
30
30
20
30
25
25
20
25
25

Min.

40

35

20

20

Table 3.5 Width at highway structures &clearance :

Single lane bridge : 4.2.5m two lane bridge 7.5 m
Multi lanebridge : 3.5 m per lane plus 0.05 m for each carreagency
Minimum footpath : 1.5 m
Width of median : Normal 5 m, Minimum 1.2 m.

Table 3.7 Extra width of pavement on horizontal curves :

Upto 20 m Radius of curve
0.9 m for single lane
21-40
0.6 m
41-60
0.6 m
61-100
Nil
101.300
Nil
> 300 m
Nil

1.5 m for two lane

1.5 m
1.2 m
0.9 m
0.6 m
Nil

Table 3.8 Recommended crossfall/cambes :

High type BT or CC
1.7-2.0 %
Thin B.T. 2.0-2.5%
WBM, Gravel
2.5-3.0%
Earth

3.0-4.0%

Table 3.11 Gradients :

1. Plain / Rolling
2. Mountainouns& steep
elevation> 300 m above MSL 5.0%

Ruling
3.3%

Limiting
5.0%
6.0%

Exceptional
6.7%
7.0%

Exceptional gradient should not exceed 100m at a strength successive stretches of exceptional gradient must be seperated by a minimum
length of 100 m.
Rotary : (IRC:65) Suitable where right turning traffic exceeds about 30% of all approaching traffic.
(km/h) Design speed
Entry Radius (m)
Weaving length (m)
40
20-35
45
30
15-25
30

Radius of central island to be equal or slightly larger than entry redius.

Ecit radius to be 1.5 to 2 times entry radius.
Choice: volume: 500 to 3000 veh/hr& right turning 730%
Traffic count :
The reforme should confirm to MIS/DS/5A Table 4.2 equivalency factors on urban roads.
FAST VEHICLES eq. PCU factors :
Composition of vehicle type in traffic stream
5%
10% & above
1. Two-wheelers motor cycles, scooter etc
0.5
0.75
2. Passenger cars, pick up van
1.0
1.0
3. Auto-rickshaw
1.2
2.0
4. Light commercial vehicles
1.4
2.0
5. Truck or Bus
2.2
3.7
6. Agriculture tractor-trailor
4.0
5.0
SLOW VEHICLES
7. Cycles
8. Cycles-rickshaws
9. Horse-drawn vehicles
10. Hand cart

0.4
0.5

0.5
2.0
1.5
2.0

2.0
3.0

4.10.2 Grade separation :

Should be provided to replace the existing level crossing if the product of average daily traffic (for vehicles
only) and the number of gate closure per day exceed 50,000 in the design year. However for new constructions like realignments, bypars it
should be 25000.
Maximum load to be permitted in Rule 95 of central motor veh Rules 1989
Vahicles
Max.Gross vehchile wt. in T Max safe axle wt.
1. Rigid vahicles: Three axle.:Twotyre
25 T
6Ton front axle & 19 T on front axle &
eight tyre on rear tandem axle
on rear tandem axle
2. Semi-articulated vehicles :
6T on front axle 19 on
Three axle tractor : Tandem axle trailor tractor
44T
rear tandem axle
Two tyre on front axle 8 tyre on tandem axle
19 T on tandem axle
3. Ttuck :Trailor communication
Three axle truck
54.2T
Three axle trailor
(restricted to 44.0 T)
1 RC :5: 1998

Bridge is a structure having a total length above 6 m between inner faces of the dirt halls.

a) Minor bridge : having a total length 6m to 60m.

b) Major bridge : total length more than 60m.
Site plan for Bridge : For catchment area upto 15 km : 1/1000
> 15 km : 1/500

106.2.1
0.3 m/sec
0.33.0
3.030.0
30300
3003000
> 3000

Minimum vertical clearance

150 mm
450
600
900
1200
1500

106.2.3 In a structure provided with metallic bearing no part of the bearing shall be at a height less then 500 m above the design HFL
taking into account off lux.
10T.1

The free board for the approaches to high level bridges shall not be less than 1750 mm.

120.1
The approaches on either side of a straight bridge shall have a minimum 15m straight length and it shall be suitably increased
where necessary to provide for the minimum sight distance for the design speed.
UP Toad side land control Rules 1964
Site plan :For plot area< 1 acre; Minimum scale of site plan:1/189
For plot area :
1 acre to 10 acre : Minimum scale of site plan : 1/378
For plot area :
> 10 acre: Minimum scale of site plan : 1/758
Scale of Building plan :
1/94

1)

Certified extracts from village records showing the name of the oniness, tenants and other particulars of the land to which
application relates.
2) Site plan & building plans to be submitted in triplicate in cloth-backed ferro-prints or tracings;
3) Plan shall show :
(a) scale (b) boundaries of site (c) description of north.
4)
Streets or roads adjointing the site with their width clearly mentioning all existing roads, trees, lamp post, electric lines.
5) Levels of site, plinth of the proposed building in relation to road.
6) Surrounding buildings with in a distance of 20 feet from the boundaries of the site.
7) Purpose of buildings.
8) No. of storey.
9) Drainage arrangements.
10) The approach should be in such a manner as not to interface with or endanger the flow of traffic on the road.
11) No construction or excavation likely to affect public health shall be allowed within the controlled area except after obtaining the
advice of health officer.
dk;kZy; izeq[k vfHk;Urk % 1 PWlkekU;@636 lh@45 lh@89 fnukad 22-11-2003
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d kgjh@vkcknhHkkx ds fy,
:0 200@izfr oxZ eh0
[k xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds fy,
:0 70@izfr oxZ eh0
2- iRFkj dh lrg WBM@dadM+ dh lrg
:0 400@izfr oxZ eh0
3- ysfirlrg
:0 550@izfr oxZ eh0
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Scale commonly used by survey of Insia 1:250,000 & 1:50,000
Land acquitionplan : scale 1:2000 to 1:8000
One km length should be shown on single sheet.
Common scale 1:2500 for HZ; 1:2500 for HZ; 1:250 for VT for plain and tolling terrain.
ii) Built-up areas & hilly terrain HZ;1:1000, VT:1:100 (clause 8.3)
Drawing for cross-drainage structure : scale 1:50
Road junction drawing : scale 1:500 or 1:600
Actual drawing shown in SP-19-2001
HZ scale 1:2000 and VT scale 1:200

REFUSAL DENSITY :
Under severe loading conditions asphalt mixtures must be expected to experience significant secondary
compaction in the wheelpaths severe conditions are :
1) High maximum temperature.
2) Very heavy axle loads.
3) Very cancelled traffic.
4) Stopping or slows moving heavy vehicles.
Failure by plastic deformation in continuously graded mixture occurs very rapidly one the air voids are below 3 percent, therefore
the aim of refused density design is to ensure that at refusal thee still at least 3 percent voids in mixture.
Where lower axle loads and higher vehicles speeds are involved the minimum air voids at refused can be reduced to 2 percent.
Method based on extended form of compaction procedure used in percentage refused density (PRD) test (B5598 part 104
(1989)) use a vibratory hammer for compaction. The method is appropriate for sites which are subject to severe loading where research has
shown that it is desirable to retain a minimum air voids of three percent after secondary compaction by traffic to minimize the risk of failure
by plastic deformation.
Electric vibratory hammer should have a pomes consumption of 750 W or more and operate at a frequency of 20 to 50 HZ. Two
tamping feet are used one with a diameter of 102 mm and other of 146 mm. sample should be mixed so that they can be compacted
immediately afterwards at an unifial temperature of 140

fpr 80/100 penetration grade bitumen or 145

for

60/70 penetration grade bitumen.

A bitumen of three trial lengths should be constructed with bitumen contents at the laboratory optimum for refusal density (3% air
voids) and at 0.5% belongs the optimum.

Liquid limit :Minimum water content at which the soil will flows under the applications of a very small shearing force.
Liquid limit is the moisture content at which 25 blows in standard liquid limit apporatu will just close a groove of standesdised
dimensions cut in the sample by the grooving tool by a specified amount.
Dlasticlimit :

May be defined in general terms, as the minimum moisture cement at which the soil remains in a plastic state.
Plastic limit is the moisture content at which a soil when rolled into thred of smallest diameter possible starts crumbling
and has a diameter of 3mm.

P.I. :

Plasticity index (P.I.) is defined as the numerical difference between the liquid & plastic limits.
P.I. thus indicate the range of moisture content over which the soil is in a plastic state.

Shrinkage limit :Is the maximum moisture content at which for thus reduction in water content does not cause reduction in volume. It is
the minimum water content that can occur in clayey soil sample which is completely saturated. (without increase in volume.)
The two methods of shear tests commonly used are the dissect shear test and the triaixil test.
In riaxil test is considered as much superior strength test a cylindrical specimen is stressed in lateral and nestical
directions and shear stress of the soil is evaluated.
Caloform is bearing ratio test :
The CBR is the measure of resistance of a material to penetration of standard plunger under
controlled density / moisture conditions.
Test consist of causing a cylindrical plunger of 50mmdiameter to penetrate a pavement component material at 1.25 mm/min. the
loads for 2.5 mm & 5.0mm are recorded. This load is expressed as a percentage of standard load value at a respectine deformation level to
obtain C.B.R. value.
Flakiness index :The flakiness index of aggregate is the percentage by weight of particles whose least dimension (thickness) three-fifth
(0.6) of their mean dimension.The lest is not applicable to sizes smallest than 63 mm.
The elongation index of an aggregate is the percentage by weight of particles whose greatest dimension(length) is
greater than one and four fifth times(1.8 times) their mean dimension. The elongation test is not applicable to sizes smallest than 63 mm.
Penetration :
Consistency of bitumen is determined by penetration test. Test diteronines the hardness or softness of bitumen by
measuring the depth in tenth of millimeter to which a standard loaded needle will penetrate nesticallyib 5 seconds. The sample is
maintained at 25

. The penetrameter consist of a needle and wcking assembly with a total weight of 100 grms and a device of

releasing and locking it in any position. Container 55 mm dia& 35/57 mm height.Xleedle 3 mm diameter.
Water bath :

placedat 25

after stirring at 75

to 100

Marshall stability test : (ASTM:D1559) :

Appratus consist of cylindrical mould of 10.16 cm dia and 6.35 cm height with a base
plate & collate. The specimen is compacted with a hammer of 4.54 kg weight& having a free fall of 45.7 cm. senenty fine blows of the
hammer are given in each face of the specimen for comoaction.
Specimen is tested by applying a load on the periphery of it perpendicular to axis the rate of 5cm per min. flow value is
measured as deformation in units of 0.25 mm. the test is carried out when the specimen is at a temperature of 60

. The stability

value is the maximum load taken by specimen and flow value is the deformations at this load taken by specimen and flow value deformation
at this load.

To know optimum bitumen content, graphs are plotted with the value of bitumen content.
% bitumen vs density, vsmasshallstability,vs voids in total mix, vs four value, vdid filled with bitumen.
B= optimum bitumen content = (Bit for max density + max stability + Bit correspondence to specified void content)/3
Value of VFB found out corresponding to B0 & all the values are checked at B0 according to design requirement.
% air voids = Vv=Gt-Gbx100; Gb/Bulk density, Gt Th. Sp. gravity
Gt
Gt =
100
, W1= % of wt. of C.A.
W1/G1+W2/G2+W3/G3+W4/G4
,G1= Appratus sp. % of C.A.
VMA= Vv+Vb ; where Vb=GbxW4/G4
; GbBulk density of specimen.
W4 % of wt. of bitumen in total mix; G4 Density of bitumen
VFB = 100Vb
VMA
Flash point of material is the longest temperature which the vapour of substance momentasily takes fire in the form of a
flask under specified condition of test.
Fire point is the lowest temperature at which the material gets ignited and burns under specified condition of test.
Softening oint is the temperature at which the substance attains particular degree of softening under specified
condition of test.
The temperature at which the softened bitumen cover which a steel ball of 9.5 mm dia& 2.5
(placed at 25mm below the ring) is recorded & is softening point.
Rumble strips as per Ministrys circular
No. :
R1N/NH-11064/1/91- Do I dated 28-06-96
Raised section : 15-25 mm high; 200-300mm wide & spaced at 1.0 m & 15-20 at one locations.

0.05 g is placed touches the metalplate

For speed breakers :3.7 m total width and 10 cm height. (R=17 m)

: 2.0 m st and 1.5 m each side with 1:20 slope height 10 cm; (with preferred crossing speed 25 km/hr.)
Minimum spacing between intersections: 750 m connections from parallel service roads should similarly not be closer than 750 m.
Minimum spacing between driveways to private properties-300 m from each other or from an intersection. As far as possible a
number of property owners along the highways should be grouped together and parallel service roads constructed to give access at
selected points.
Median opening for divided carriageway should be limited to intersection with public roads and should not be permitted for
individual business need. Where intersections are far apart, median opening may be of traffic to one of the carriageways at times of
emergency or major repairs.
Width of approach road at entry to NH should be 7.0 m with smooth turning curve to minimum radius of 11 meters.
N= 365xA{(1+r)n1}xFxD

7.5%

Cumulative number of standard axles (msa)

A=initial traffic CVD in the yr of completion of construction
Dlane distrivution factor

annual growth rate ; n design life in years, VDF Vehicle damage factor (number of standard axle per commercial vehicle)

Lane dist. Factor : For two lane : 75% four lane : 40%
VDF : for CVD 0-1501.5; 150-1500 3.5; > 15004.5;
Recommended method consider traffic in terms of the wm line number of standard axles (8160 kg). for design having gross wt. more than 3
tonnes or more are considered.
Benkelman Beam deflection technique as per IRC:81
i) Pavement condition survey: Demarkation of section of equal performance length of each section generally not less than 500 m.
ii) Marking 10 equidistant points along the 60 cm from pavement edge for single lane & 90 cm for two lane& 1.5 m for four lane divided
carriageway.
iii) conducting deflection measurement by paving proble of Benkelman Beam between dual wheels of a loaded truck with rear axle weefhing
8170 kg & load equally distributed over two wheels each provided with dual tyre inflated to a pressure of 5.6 kg/cm.
iv) As certain annual rainfall in the area pavement temperature moisture content of the subgrade & classification of subgrade sail.
v) correct the deflection values to 35

& account for seasonal variation, rainfall, moisture content.

Correcting for temperature variation is not applicable in case of road with thin bituminous surfacings or where the road is
subjected to senere cracking or the bituminous layer substantially stripped.

vi) For the set of 10 corrected values of deflection find out the mean deflection (

) standard deviation (

), & characteristic

deflection.

(Mean deflection (

)=

i=0

xi);

Std Dev.

x( x)

/n-1

Ch. Def. (i) Dc = bar x +2 (for major arterial roads like NH, SH)
X Individual def; n number of deflection measurements.
Mean deflection

)=

x/n
i=0

; x

Bricks should confirm IS:1077 expected minimum compressive strength when tested flat shall not be less than 84 kg/cm for
individual bricks and 105 kg/cm for and age of 5 specimen. Size toteance

5 percent.

RCC pipes cwlnests : NH-4 for NH-IS:458

Controlled concrete shall be designed for the characteristic strength :
Characteristic strength is the st. of concrete below which not more than 5% of the test results expected to fall.
The target mean strength exceed the specified ch. St. by at least the current margin.
The average strength of the nine wbes at 28 days shall exceed the specified ch.st.by the current margins min. us 3.5
MPa.
Minimum strength of concrete as per members.
a) PCC members M15 (moderate exp. Condition) otherwise M20.
b) RCC members M20 (moderate exp. Condition) otherwise M25.
Proportions of nomimal mix concrete
M15
350 kg
Total qty of dry aggregate by mass per 50 kg of cement Generally 1:2
32 litre (qty of water per
to be taken as the sum of individual masses of fine &
50 kg of cement max.)

C.A. in kg
Subject to 1:1

1
2

Proportion of F.A. to C.A.

by mass
M20

250 kg
1:1

M15
M20
M25

current margin

10 MPa
10MPa
11MPa

Target Mean strength

1
2

30 litre

25MPa
30MPa
36 MPa

Slump for PCC = 25mm, RCC = 40-50 mm & for RCC str with fair degree of confestion of reinforcement 75-125 mm;
1) Concrete should be compacted in final layer within 30mm.
2) Compacted depth of each layer shall not be more than 45 mm.
3) Do not allowsdroping of concrete from > 2m height.
4) 13mm thickness should be road henedurti be relayed.
5) Do not apply vibration through the reingorcement.
6) Curing period : completely met upto 14 days.
Subgrade is sufficiently above the HFL/ground water table or the natural ground level, the minimum height being.
For main roads like NH/SH 1.0 m;
For lanes category roads
0.6 m;
Recommended minimum bed slopes of drain is

1
200

if lined and

Compaction requirements for embankment & subgrade:

Subgrade & earthen shoulder
Not less than 97%
Embankment
Not less than 95%

1
100

otherwise.

IRC:SP:16-2004 Maximum Permissible surface unevenness for road pavements

Type of surfacing-long profile 3m st. edge (mm)-transverse profile-comber temp.
1. Suface dressing
10
8
2. Open graded premix carper* 8
6
3. Mix seal surfacing
8
6
4. SDBC
6
4
5. Bituminous concrete
5
4
6. Cement concrete
5
4
These values are for mechanized construction. For manual construction the tolerances may be increased by 2 mm.
Maximum permissible frequency of surface unenenners in 300m length in long profile
S.
Type of surface
Unenenners
Maximum numbers of
No.
(mm)
surface NH/SH
1
2
3
4
5
6

Surface dressing
Open Graded premcarpet
Mix seal surfacing
SDBC
Bituminous concrete
Cement concrete

8-10
6-8
6-8
4-6
3-5
4-5

Maximum permissible values of toughness (mm/km) for Road surface :

S.
Type of surface
No.
Good
1
Surface dressing
<3500
2
Open Graded premcarpet
<3000
3
Mix seal surfacing
<3000
4
SDBC
<2500
5
Bituminous concrete
<2000
6
Cement concrete
<2200

20
20
20
20
15
15

Unenenners MDR and lanes

category roads
40
40
40
40
30
30

Condition or Road
Average
350-4500
3000-4000
3000-4000
2500-3500
2000-3000
2200-3000

Poor
>4500
>4000
>4000
>3500
>3000
>3000

Alligator cracks :
Inter-connected cracks forming a series of small blocks.
Shrinkage cracks : In transverse direction or interconnected cracks forming a series of large blocks.
Rutting :
Longitudinal depression in the wheel trucks.
Shoving : Localised building of pavement surface along with cresent shaped cracks.
Settlement &unheaval : Large deformation of pavement.
Stripping :
Seperation of bitumen from aggregate in the presence of moisture.
Ranelling :
Failure of binder to hold the aggregate shown up by pick marks or eroded areas on the surface.
IRC : 98-1988 of 3.2.5 : The ducts of communication dept. for cables to be vary in width from 0.7 to 1.1 m and height from 0.65 to 1.1 m
and are laid with a minimum cover of 0.65 m.
3.3.3

Broad recommendations about the depth of laying (denoting the bottom of trench) of the various services lines along the road are
(i) Truck server lines
2 to 6 m
(ii) Water supply lines
Service lines
0.6 to 1m
Trunk lines
1.0 to 1.5 m
(iii) Electric cable
LT cable
0.6 to 1 m
HT cable
1.5 to 2 m

(iv) Telecommunication cable

Directly laid
Laid in ducts
(v) Gas mains and lines carrying
Combustible material

0.6 to 1 m
2 to 3 m
2 to 3 m

For crossing the roads by service lines

3.6.2 simple uncased crossing :
(for minor roads) The minimum cover over the top of the service line should be 1.2 m. this
procedure should be restricted to minor roads since this method involve cutting of the roads.
3.6.3 the top of the casing should be at least 1.2 m below the road surface. Subject to it being at least 0.3 m below the drain inverts. The
casing/ripe may be installed either by boring through the road embankment or degging a trench. Where trenching method is adopted the
casing should be bedded on a 0.15-0.30m thick layer of granular material free of rock pieces and carefully back filled in two stages, one
upto the top of the pipe and second ipto the road conel.

MORT&H No. : RW/NH-33044/10/2000-S&R

Dt. 26-09-2002
Guidelines for selection of 1R QP & PR Stretches :
3.2:
a)
For existing pavement thickness less than 200mm.
3x75 mm WBM/WBM + 20 mm PC & seal coat or MSS
b)
For existing pavement thickness between 200mm and 250 mm
2x75 mm WBM/WMM + 20 mm PC & seal coat or MSS
c)
For existing pavement thickness between 250mm and 300 mm
75 mm BUSG +20 mm PC & seal coat or MSS.
d)
For existing pavement thickness of 300 mm or more.
(i) 50mm BM + 25 mm SDBC if undulations/cracks in the existing surface are less than 10% of he surface area.
(ii) 75 mm BM +25 mm SDBC if undulation/cracks in the existing surface are between 10-20%.
Cl3.4 :The above treatments proposed in para 3.2 (a), (b) & (c) for existing pavement thickness upto 300 mm may be taken as stage
construction as designated pavement thickness may be much higher and would be taken up in subsequent stages along with provision of
50 mm BM and 25 mm SDBC after a period of 2-3 years of completion when WBM/WMM/BUSG layers have settleled effectively.

MORT&H letter No. : RW/NH-11024/3/99-VS(D.I.)

1)
2)
3)

4)

Up to Rs. 5.0 lac :

Dt. 09-03-2000

No advertisement in press but a copy of NIT should be sent to contractors

Associations all divisions of PWD within the district, concerned SEs office.
Above Rs. 5.0 lac funds Rs. 1.5 cr. :
3 Regional papers, one each in Hindi English and the local language. If local
language happen to be English/Hindi it would be suffice if the advertisement for such
works are published in two regional papers, one in Hindi and other in English.
Above 1.5 Cr. & up to Rs. 5.0 Cr. : Advertisement in local edition (with in the states) of 2 national newspapers
(one in Hindi and other in English) and 2 Regional newspapers (one in Hindi and other in
local language). In regions, where there is no Hindi newspaper, the advertisement may
be published in 2 Regional papers, one in English and the others in local language.
More than 5.0 Crore :
Advertisement in all edition of 4 national newspapers in English and 2 regional
papers(one in Hindi & other in local language) and the Indian trade journal and Indian
Highways.

Clause 4.2.2.3 :
The binder used for tack coat should be bitumen emulsion complying with IS:8887, the preferred grades being SS-1,
SS-1h, CSS-1, CSS-1h.
4.2.1.3 :
The grades of emulsion for Prime coat normally used are SS-1, CSS-1, CSS-1h.
Advantage :
1. They are more tolerant in the presence of dampness.
2. A lead not be heated-conserve energy-handling easy.
3. Their use reduce environment pollution.
4. The can be used in relatively cold weathers.
5. Useful for cracks as they penetrate fine cracks & seals.
Modified bitumen is expected to give higher life of surfacings (up to 100%) depending upon degree of modifications and type of
additions and modification process used. The time period of next renewal may be extended by 50%.
i)
Lowers susceptibility to daily and seasonal temperature variation.
ii)
Higher resistance to deformation at higher temperatures.
iii)
Better age resistance.
iv)
Better adhesion between aggregate & binder.
v)
Higher fatigue life of mixes.
vi)
Delay of cracking & reflective cracking.
vii)
Overall improved performance in extreme climatic conditions & under heavy traffic conditions.

S.
No.
1)

Designation
Penetration at 25

CRMB-55

S-65

S-35

<60
(IS:1203-1978)

60-70

30-40

55 (IS: 1205-1978)

45-55

55-65

0.1 mm. 100g. 5 sec

2)
3)

Softening Pt,

(R&B) Minimum

El. Rec. of half thread in doctilometer at 15

, % Min

50 (APP 1)

4)
5)

Flash Pt, COC,

175

175

75
-6

50
-4

Thin film over test (TFOT) on Residue (IS:9382-1992)

60 (IS:1203)
52
, 0.1 mm 100g, 5

55

Separation, differensive soft Pt,

maximum cum ductivity at 27
foars breaking point 0

1)

Penetration 25

sec, Min% of original

2)
3)

220 (IS:1206)

, min

Increase sort Pt. (R&B)

Min

Min

6(IS:1205)

, Maximum

El. Rec. of Half thread in ducti less than 25

35 (APP 1)

Min.

Table 8: Broad Range Requirement for Modified Binders :

Stage of work
Binders at mixing
Mix at mixing plant
Mix at laying site
Rolling at laying site

Viscocity (Poise)
Max 2
Max 4
Max 5
10-1000

Indicated Temp. (
165-185
140-160
130-150
115-135

Table 1:

IRC: SP:63-2004, Design Catalogue for Pavement thickness

(layer thickness in mm)
Traffic & road type
Subgrade CBR %
Above 10
Cycle tracks, pedestrian.
Blocks
60
Footpath
Sand beds
20-30
Base
200
Commercial traffic axle Load
Blocks
60-80
repetitions less than 10msa
Sand bed
20-40
Residential streets
WBM/WMM base
250
Granular sub base
250
Commercial traffic axle
Blocks
80-100
Load repetitions 10-20msa
Sand bed
20-40
Collector streets, industrial
WBM/WMM base
250
Streets, bus & truck parlcing ..
Granular sub bas
200
Comm. Traffic axle load Repetitions
Blocks
80-100
20-50msa
Sand bed
20-40
Arterial streets
WBM/WMM base or
250
WBM/WMM base and
150
DLC over it (7150 mm
75
rainfall, no drainage
ade) Grannular subbase
200
GSB should be at least 150mm drainable layer.

5-10
60
20-30
200
60-80
20-40
250
250
80-100
20-40
250
200
80-100
20-40
250
150
75
250

Cl5.4 :For block pavements for industrial applications like container yards, roads, water housed following thickness recom.
Block
Sand bedding
Hydraulically Bound Base
Granular sub-base
(out of where the bottom
150 mm is a drainage layer)
Water cement Rate :

300mm

100mm
Bedding sand passing 95-100
30-50mm % from 4.75mm
300mm
Joint filling sand 90-100
% passing 1.18 mm

0.34 to 0.38 water content of the mix 5 to 7% of total mix & quantity of cement in mix 380 kg/m to 425 kg/m

Aggregate / cement Ratio 3:1 to 6:1

Coarse aggregate 40% & fine Aggregate (sand) 60%
C.A. 6mm to 12mm
Minimum compression strength of a single block above 30MPa
Para 450 of FHB-VolVI :
When the payments are to be made by the divisional engineer the memorandum (of payment) shall be
submitted through the assistance engineers who has assumed responsibility for the measurements.
691: If the relieving government servant fails to bring to notice within a reasonable period any deficiency or defect in work or stores taken
over from his processor he will be he responsible for the same, both as to quantity and quality, so far as he was in a position to ascertain it.
Note :Three month in case of D.E./SD/AE and one month in case of sectional officers.
Route marker sign for NH IRC:2-1968
Cl. 2.1 : A NH route marker sign shall consist of a shield painted on a rectangular plate 450mm by 600mm.
Cl. 2.2 : The sign shall have a yellow background and the lettering & borders shall be in black. The yellow colour shall confirm to canary
yellow, Indian standard colour No. :309.
Cl. 3.3 : On roads without kerbs, the sign shall be erected with a clear distance of 2 to 3m between the post and the edge of the
carriageway on the roads with kerbs the sign post shall not be less than 60 mm away from the edge of kerb.
IRC : 67-2001cl. 10.2 Table 10.1 Acceptance limits for size of letters
Design speed kmph
Minmx Ht of letters (cm)
45
7.5
60
10.0
80
12.5
90
15.0
120
20.0

Minmsight dist. (m)

45
60
80
90
115

Maxmdist. from centre(m)

12
16
21
24
32

10.3 :
For advantage direction signs on rural roads, the letter size (x height) should be minimum of 15 cm for NH & SH and 10 cm for
other roads. In case of overhead signs the size (x height) of letters may be minimum 30 cm. thickness of letter could be varied from 1/6 to
1/5 of the letter x size. The size of the initial upper case letter shall be 1

1
3

times the x-height. In urban areas, letter size shall be 10 cm

pm all directional signs for easy and better comprehension the mord messages shall be written in initial upper case letter followed by lower
case letters.
The cautionary/warning sign at following distance of hazard
a) Non-Urban location
Plain/Rolling
Hilly Terrain
NH & SH
120 m
60 m
MDR
90 m
50 m
ODR
60 m
40 m
VR
40 m
30 m
In urban locations warning sign at about 50 m away from the point of hazard.
14.29 Rumble strip :
Traffic signals, Barries,

The sign should be posted 50-60 min advance of the rumble strip provided on the road to control the speed.

15.3.6 Place/city indentification :

The sign should be placed inside the incorporated area 90m in advance of the adge of the built-up
section.
15.3.8
Toll both ahead 500 to 100 m.

Line marking as per IRC : 35-1997

CENTRE LINE
S.
Location
Colour
No.
(a)
RURAL
(i)
St. reach NH/SH
White
Others
White
(ii)
Curves & app. to
White
intersection NH/SH
Others
White
(b) URBAN
(i)
< 4 lane-St. reach
White
Curves & spp. to
White
intersection
(ii)
Four lane or more
White/yellow
undivided
TRAFFIC LANE LINE
S.
Location
Colour
No.
(a)
RURAL
(i)
Straight reach
white
(ii)
Curves app to intersection
white
(b)
(i)
(ii)

URBAN
Straight reach
Curves app to intersection
No over taking zone

Location
Borders or edge line
Warning line

White
White
Yellow
Colour
White
White

Type

Width

Segment (m)

Gap (m)

Clause

Broken single
Broken single
Broken single

10 cm
10 cm
10 cm

3.0
3.0
3.0

6.0
4.5
3.0

8.2.9
8.2.9
8.2.9

Broken single

10 cm

3.0

3.0

8.2.9

Broken single
Broken single

15 cm
15 cm

3.0
3.0

4.5
3.0

8.2.5
8.2.5

Solid single or
Double

15 cm
10+10 cm

8.2.6
8.2.6

Type

Width

Segment (m)

Gap (m)

Clause

Broken single
Broken single
(exceptionally
solid)8.3.4

10
10

3.0
3.0

6.0
3.0

8.3.3
8.3.3

Broken single
Broken single
Solid single
/Double

10
10
10

1.5
3.0
1.5
1.5
As for centre line

8.3.3
8.3.3
8.4.5

Type
Solid
Broken single

Width
15 or 20
Equal to normal
proceeding line

Segment (m)

Gap (m)

Clause
8.6.3
8.5.1

Bas lane
Stop line
a) Rural

White

Solid

White
White

Transverse solid
single/double

Pedestrian Crossing

White

Zebra strip

Direction arrows
Parking restrictions
Bus stop
Speed breakers

White
Yellow
White
White

b)

Urban

Solid
Broken
Elongated
triangles

25

8.7.1

30 or 20+20

9.3.3

20 or 20+20

9.3.3

50 cm wide 50 cm
apart 2 to 4 lane
3.5 to 5 m long
10
10

9.6.6

1m

1m

9.9.1
11.2
11.3.2
13.4

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IRC:58-2002 Upward revision of the legal limit on the maximum laden axle loads of commercial vehicles from 8160 kg to 10200 kg,
Cl4.2 : legal axle load limits in India have been fixed as 10.2, 19 and 24 t for single axles, tandem axles and tridem axles.
Magnitude of load safety factor (LSF) takes care of unpredicted heavy trucks loads. Axle load should be multiplied by LSF.
The suggested value of LSF is 1.2 for where high volume of truck traffic.