AMACC TACLOBAN

PAWING, PALO
DATA COMMUNICATION 2
QUIZ
03/05/16
SUBMITTED BY:
KENNETH LLEGO
IAN GEORGE ABRINA
RAYMUND GALUPO
DANILO BUENDIA
MIKE PUTOL
DWIGHT NATAD
JERICO ALAPOOP
DOMINIC DOLINA

22-1. These are prescribed bit sequence used for encoding characters and symbols.
Often called as character sets, character codes, symbol codes, character languages.

22-2. CHARACTER CODES, MORSE CODE, BAUDOT CODE, EBCDIC CODE, ASCII
CODE,
7-BIT ASCII CODE, Hamming code
22-3. Baudot code - One of first codes developed for machine to machine
communication
ASCII CODE - American Standard Code for Information Interchange
EBCDIC - Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
22-4. Omnipresent block and white striped stickers that seem to appear or virtually
every consumer item in the US and most of the rest of the world.
22-5. Discrete Code - It has spaces or gaps between characters. Each character is
independent of every other character.
Continuous Code - It does not include spaces between characters. An example is
Universal Product Code.
2D code - It stores data in two dimensions in contrasts with conventional linear bar
codes which stores data along only one axis.
22-6.
22-7. Error control are techniques that enable reliable delivery of digital data over
unreliable communication channels.
22-8. Error detection is the detection of errors caused by noise or other
impairments during transmission from the transmitter to the receiver. Error
correction is the detection of errors and reconstruction of the original, error-free
data.
22-9. Redundancy the state of being not or no longer needed or useful. Redundancy
check (CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and
storage devices to detect accidental changes to raw data. Blocks of data entering
these systems get a short check value attached, based on the remainder of a
polynomial division of their contents.
22-10. Vertical redundancy check (VRC) is an error-checking method used on an
eight-bit ASCII character. In VRC, a parity bit is attached to each byte of data, which
is then tested to determine whether the transmission is correct.
22-11. Odd parity refers to parity checking modes, where each set of transmitted
bits has an odd number of bits. Even parity refers to a parity checking mode in
asynchronous communication systems in which an extra bit, called a parity bit, is
set to one if there is an even number of one bits in a one-byte data item. Marking
parity when the parity bit is always 1
22-12. No-parity refers to the lack of any error checking or the bit used for parity
checking. Ignored parity the parity bit which is not sent or checked

22-13. Form of redundancy error checking where each character has a numerical
value assigned to it.
22-14.
A redundancy error detection scheme that uses parity to determine if a
transmission error has occurred with n a message.
22-15.
Character is an error detection technique which is typically used on
asynchronous links. Message parity is an error occurred within a message.
22-16. Cyclic Redundancy Checking A convolution coding scheme that is most
reliable redundancy checking technique for error detection. Almost 99.999% of all
transmission errors are detected
22-17. The error-correction scheme that detects and corrects transmission errors
when they are received without requiring a retransmission.
22-18. ARQ is an error-control method for data transmission that uses
acknowledgements (messages sent by the receiver indicating that it has correctly
received a data frame or packet) and timeouts (specified periods of time allowed to
elapse before an acknowledgment is to be received) to achieve reliable data
transmission over an unreliable service. Hamming code is a set of error-correction
code s that can be used to detect and correct bit errors that can occur when
computer data is moved or stored.
22-19. Involves identifying the beginning and end of a character with in a message.
22-20. Asynchronous Its literal meaning is without synchronism. In Data Com, it
means without a specific time reference. Synchronous It means to harmonize,
coincide, or agree in time.
22-21. An asynchronous link communicates data as a series of characters of fixed
size and format.
22-22. The bit that signals the receiver that data is coming. Every byte of data is
preceded by a start bit and followed by a stop bit.
22-23. Synchronous It means to harmonize, coincide, or agree in time.
22-24. Synchronous Idle (SYN) is the ASCII control character 22 (0x16), represented
as ^V in caret notation. In EBCDIC the corresponding character is 50 (0x32).
22-25.Data terminal equipment (DTE) is an end instrument that converts user
information into signals or reconverts received signals. Ex. printer, PCs, Routers,
Dumb Terminals, File and application servers

22-26. Image result for data communication equipment It is also called data
communication(s) equipment and data carrier equipment. [citation needed] Usually,
the DTE device is the terminal (or computer), and the DCE is a modem. Ex. ISDN
adapters, Satellites (including base stations), Microwave stations, NIC (network
interface cards).
22-27.
22-28. Directs traffic to and from many circuits(which have different characteristics).
Directs traffic between one data link and other few devices(all of similar char). Most
of the functions of LCU are performed by single IC called as UART/USRT. UARTUniversal asynchronous receiver/transmitter.USRT- Universal synchronous
receiver/transmitter
22-29. To perform serial to parallel and vice-versa. To perform error detection(parity
bits). To insert and detect start/stop bits
22-30. RSI-receive serial input ->RDA-receive data available -> RPE- receive parity
error -> SWE- status word enable -> RDE-receive data enable -> RDE-receive data
enable
22-31.
22-32.
22-33. UART In UART, the data does not have to be transmitted at a fixed rate. USRT
is a circuit capable of receiving and sending data without requiring a start or stop
code.. UART, data is normally transmitted one byte at a time. In USART's
synchronous mode, the data is transmitted at a fixed rate. In USART, Synchronous
data is normally transmitted in the form of blocks.
22-34. A specific range of voltages for transmit and receive signal levels, Limitations
for the electrical parameters of the transmission line.,Standard cable and cable
connectors, Functional description of each signal on the interface.
22-35. A serial interface is a communication interface between two digital systems
that transmits data as a series of voltage pulses down a wire. A "1" is represented
by a high logical voltage and a "0" is represented by a low logical voltage.
22-36. RS-232 is a standard for serial communication transmission of data. It
formally defines the signals connecting between a DTE (data terminal equipment)
such as a computer terminal, and a DCE (data circuit-terminating equipment), such
as a modem.
22-37. It specifies a 37-pin primary connector DB37 and a 9 pin secondary
connector DB9 for a total of 46 pins which provides more functions, faster data
transmission rates and spans greater distances than the RS-232.

22-38. Modem is the short form of Modulator-Demodulator. It is a device through

which computer send and receive data from telephone lines. 22-39. It specifies
audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK) to encode and transfer data at a rate of 1200
bits per second, half-duplex (one-way). These signalling protocols, also used in thirdparty modems, are referred to generically as Bell 202 modulation, and any device
employing it as Bell-202- compatible.
22-40.Asynchronous - The common modem used today. Each byte is placed
between a stop and a start bit. Each modem must operate with the same start and
stop bit sequence, operate at the same baud rate and have the same parity settings
for the data checking in order to communicate correctly. Synchronous - Synchronous
modems can be faster than asynchronous. They depend on timing to communicate.
22-41. Modems used synchronous so clock timing recovery to be achieved by
receive modem
22-42. modem equalization makes it so a signal that is transmitted from point A
arrives at point B with the same shape and frequency spectrum. This is critical
because data bits sent over a channel are designed to be band-limited and assumes
the same band-limited signal transmitted arrives at the receiver. The data bit
waveform is composed of many different frequency components. Each of these
components is critical in the originating signal in terms of its amplitude, delay and
noise components. Proper equalization makes sure the best set of these three
parameters is being presented to the receiver for final data demodulation.
22-43. The first internationally accepted standard for 9600bps data transmission
rate.It address asynchronous-to synchronous transmission conversions and error
control that includes both detection and correction. It specifies a new protocol called
Link Access Procedures for Modems.