BASIC

ELEMENTARY
TOOLS IN GIS
ASSIGNMENT
Submitted to
Ms. Ambreena Mubashir
Submitted by
Faiza Khurshid Butt
B.Sc Geography
Semester 8
Dated: February 02, 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ELEMENTARY TOOLS IN GIS..................................................................................... 3

Geographical Information System (GIS)

ABOUT GIS.............................................................................................................. 3
DEFINITION............................................................................................................. 3
ARCGIS................................................................................................................... 3
INITIAL TOOLS OF ARCGIS....................................................................................... 3
LISTING.................................................................................................................. 3
DISPLAYING............................................................................................................ 4
QUERYING.............................................................................................................. 4
TERNARY ANALYSIS OR SCATTERED ANALYSIS OR CLASSIFYING..............................5
MEASURING OR BOX PLOT ANALYSIS.......................................................................5
REPORTING OR CORELLATIONALS REPORT TOOLS....................................................6
TOOLS USED IN ARCGIS SOFTWARE..........................................................................7
SPATIAL ANALYST TOOLBOX.................................................................................... 8
TOOLSETS............................................................................................................... 8
CONDITIONAL......................................................................................................... 8
DENSITY................................................................................................................. 9
DISTANCE............................................................................................................... 9
EXTRACTION.......................................................................................................... 9
GENERALIZATION................................................................................................... 9
GROUNDWATER...................................................................................................... 9
HYDROLOGY.......................................................................................................... 9
INTERPOLATION...................................................................................................... 9
REFERENCES......................................................................................................... 10

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Geographical Information System (GIS)

ELEMENTARY TOOLS IN GIS

ABOUT GIS
The word GIS literal meaning is a Geographical Information System. The word
Geographical means location of any earths surface on the map while Information means
the collection of data such as about the latitude and longitude of an area, climatic conditions,
land use and land cover, cartography of an area, etc. In addition to, the word system means
to systematically perform all the tasks with having a proper link between them.

DEFINITION
The GIS defined as A computer program which is used to capture, evaluate, store,
operate and running the spatial as well as non-spatial geographical data.
The word GIS means that an image that has x and y-coordinates in them. These
coordinates are based on different projection system.

ARCGIS
ARCGIS is a GIS software program which is used to display data, listing down of
numerous items, making queries, classifying data, making of measurements to divide the data
in equal parts, compile all the data by using different tools from the toolbox. The latest
version of this software is ARCGIS 10.4 which is pre-release now.

INITIAL TOOLS OF ARCGIS

Following are the initial tools used in ARCGIS which are as follows:

LISTING
To list down the necessary items in rows and columns form like in spreadsheet.

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Geographical Information System (GIS)

Fig. 1(a) shows the list of objects

www.google.com/imgres/Listing

DISPLAYING
Displaying refers to display the number statistics values in the Summary statistics dialog
box.

Fig. 1(b) shows the displaying of objects

www.google.com/imgres/Displaying

QUERYING
Querying refers to any condition or reason like in the figure the significance tells about its
query.

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Geographical Information System (GIS)

Fig. 1(c) shows the query to specify a value to an object

www.google.com/imgres/Querying

TERNARY ANALYSIS OR SCATTERED ANALYSIS OR CLASSIFYING

Ternary analysis is same as like scattered analysis in which the ternary data can be
categorized by the categories or quantities based on colour classification.

Fig. 1(d) shows the classification of objects

www.google.com/imgres/Classifying

MEASURING OR BOX PLOT ANALYSIS

The box plot analysis is a form of query in which all the items can be subdivided into equal
parts with the help of boxes.

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Geographical Information System (GIS)

Fig. 1(e) shows the measuring of objects

www.google.com/imgres/Measuring

REPORTING OR CORELLATIONALS REPORT TOOLS

A report can be compiled in the end when all the data can be entered along with all the items.
A correlations report can be shown in the figure:

Fig. 1(f) shows the reporting of objects

www.google.com/imgres/Reporting

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Geographical Information System (GIS)

Fig. 1(g) shows the reporting of objects in different grid

www.google.com/imgres/Reporting

TOOLS USED IN ARCGIS SOFTWARE

A large amount of tools are used in the software which can be shown in the figure below:

Fig. 1(h) shows the tools used in ARCGIS

www.google.com/imgres/Tools-used-in-ARCGIS

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Geographical Information System (GIS)

SPATIAL ANALYST TOOLBOX

Fig. 1(i) shows the spatial analyst toolbox

www.google.com/imgres/Spatial-analyst-toolbox

TOOLSETS
Some of the spatial analyst toolsets are described below:

CONDITIONAL
Used to control the output values which are based on any sort of conditions refer to the input
values. Conditions are > 5, by 10 or it may be by assigning a value 1 to some location.

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Geographical Information System (GIS)

DENSITY
In density analysis, it will take a population and divide the people to the overall landscape.
You can spread the points to the surface in equal parts.

DISTANCE
Two ways of distance analysis are: Spatial Analyst includes the Euclidean distance as well as
cost distance.
Euclidean distance is the function which measures a straight-line distance from each cell to
the closest source like roads, bridges or any object.
Cost distance function is the cost to travel with the help of any given cell.

EXTRACTION
Used to extract any subset of the cells inside or outside the rectangle, square or any shape

GENERALIZATION
Generalization function assists with identifying areas along with the mechanize assignment of
the more reliable values to the cells that make up the areas.

GROUNDWATER
Groundwater tools are used to execute elementary advectiondispersion modeling of
components in the groundwater.

HYDROLOGY
Hydrology functions reproduce the flow of the water over an elevation of surface and it also
creates either a watershed or a stream network.

INTERPOLATION
The surface interpolation function helps to make the predictions from a sample of
measurements for all the locations in a raster form dataset whether or not a measurement has
been taken at the specific location.
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Geographical Information System (GIS)

REFERENCES

https://blogs.esri.com/esri/arcgis/2015/12/14/prerelease/

http://resources.esri.com/help/9.3/arcgisengine/java/gp_toolref/spatial_analyst_toolset
_overview/an_overview_of_the_spatial_analyst_toolbox.htm

http://updates.geosoft.com/downloads/files/how-to-guides/Gfa_Analysis_Tools.pdf

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