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Continuum mechanics/Strains and deformations

From Wikiversity

Strain
Measures
in three
dimensions

Contents
1 Strain Measures in three dimensions
1.1 Motion
1.2 Deformation Gradient
1.2.1 Push Forward and Pull Back
1.2.1.1 Example
1.3 Cauchy-Green Deformation Tensors
1.3.1 Right Cauchy-Green Deformation Tensor
1.3.2 Left Cauchy-Green Deformation Tensor
1.4 Strain Measures
1.4.1 Green (Lagrangian) Strain
1.4.2 Almansi (Eulerian) Strain
1.4.3 Push Forward and Pull Back
1.5 Some useful results
1.5.1 Derivative of J with respect to the deformation gradient
1.5.2 Derivative of J with respect to the right Cauchy-Green deformation tensor
1.5.3 Derivative of the inverse of the right Cauchy-Green tensor

The motion of a body

Initial orthonormal basis:

Deformed orthonormal basis:

We assume that these coincide.

Motion

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Deformation Gradient

Effect of

Dyadic notation:

Index notation:

The determinant of the deformation gradient is usually denoted by

and is a measure of the change in volume, i.e.,

Push Forward and Pull Back

Forward Map:

Forward deformation gradient:

Dyadic notation:

Effect of deformation gradient:

Push Forward operation:

= material vector.
= spatial vector.
Inverse map:

Inverse deformation gradient:

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Dyadic notation:

Effect of inverse deformation gradient:

Pull Back operation:

= material vector.
= spatial vector.
Example

Push forward and pull back

Motion:

Deformation Gradient:

Inverse Deformation Gradient:

Push Forward:

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Pull Back:

Cauchy-Green Deformation Tensors

Right Cauchy-Green Deformation Tensor
Recall:

Therefore,

Using index notation:

Right Cauchy-Green tensor:

Left Cauchy-Green Deformation Tensor

Recall:

Therefore,

Using index notation:

Left Cauchy-Green (Finger) tensor:

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Strain Measures
Green (Lagrangian) Strain

Green strain tensor:

Index notation:

Almansi (Eulerian) Strain

Almansi strain tensor:

Index notation:

Push Forward and Pull Back

Recall:

Now,

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Therefore,

Push Forward:

Pull Back:

Some useful results

Derivative of J with respect to the deformation gradient
We often need to compute the derivative of
calculus we have, for any second order tensor

with respect the the deformation gradient

. From tensor

Therefore,

Derivative of J with respect to the right Cauchy-Green deformation tensor

The derivative of J with respect to the right Cauchy-Green deformation tensor (
mechanics.
To calculate the derivative of

with respect to

) is also often encountered in continuum

, we recall that (for any second order tensor

Also,

From the symmetry of

we have

Therefore, involving the arbitrariness of

, we have

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Hence,

Also recall that

Therefore,

In index notation,

Derivative of the inverse of the right Cauchy-Green tensor

Another result that is often useful is that for the derivative of the inverse of the right Cauchy-Green tensor (
Recall that, for a second order tensor

).

In index notation

or,

Using this formula and noting that since

fourth order tensor we have

is a symmetric second order tensor, the derivative of its inverse is a symmetric

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