TCP AND UDP PORTS

The port numbers in the range from 0 to 1023 are the well-known ports or
system ports. They are used by system processes that provide widely used types
of network services. On Unix-like operating systems, a process must execute
with superuser privileges to be able to bind a network socket to an IP address
using one of the well-known ports.
The range of port numbers from 1024 to 49151 are the registered ports. They
are assigned by IANA for specific service upon application by a requesting
entity. On most systems, registered ports can be used by ordinary users.

SMTP 25 (Default) The protocol for mail submission is the same, but uses
port 587. SMTP connections secured by SSL, known as SMTPS, default to port
465.

TELNET 23

HTTP 80

DNS - 53

HTTPS 443

Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Port 194 - Internet Relay Chat Protocol (IRCP) is
an application layer protocol that facilitates communication in the form of text.
The chat process works on a client/server networking model. IRC clients are
computer programs that a user can install on their system. These clients
communicate with chat servers to transfer messages to other clients

FTP 20 for Data transfer and 21 for control command

SSH 22 - Secure Shell, or SSH, is a cryptographic (encrypted) network

protocol operating at layer 7 of the OSI Model to allow remote login and other
network services to operate securely over an unsecured network.

POP 109 for POPv2 and 110 for POPv3 - In computing, the Post Office
Protocol (POP) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by local
e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection.

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) 179

SNMP 161 - Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an Internetstandard protocol for collecting and organizing information about managed
devices on IP networks and for modifying that information to change device
behavior. Devices that typically support SNMP include routers, switches,
servers, workstations, printers, modem racks and more. SNMP is widely used in
network management systems to monitor network-attached devices for
conditions that warrant administrative attention.

IMAP 143 - In computing, the Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is an

Internet standard protocol used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail messages
from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection.

SMTP
SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. SMTP is used when email is
delivered from an email client, such as Outlook Express, to an email server or
when email is delivered from one email server to another. SMTP uses port 25.
POP3
POP3 stands for Post Office Protocol. POP3 allows an email client to download
an email from an email server. The POP3 protocol is simple and does not offer
many features except for download. Its design assumes that the email client
downloads all available email from the server, deletes them from the server and
then disconnects. POP3 normally uses port 110.

IMAP
IMAP stands for Internet Message Access Protocol. IMAP shares many similar
features with POP3. It, too, is a protocol that an email client can use to
download email from an email server. However, IMAP includes many more
features than POP3. The IMAP protocol is designed to let users keep their email
on the server. IMAP requires more disk space on the server and more CPU
resources than POP3, as all emails are stored on the server. IMAP normally uses
port 143. Here is more information about IMAP.

Intranet:
An intranet is a private network accessible only to an organization's staff.

VSFTPD CONFIGURATION:
vim /etc/vsftpd.conf

Disallow anonymous, unidentified users to access files via FTP; change the
anonymous_enable setting to NO:
anonymous_enable=NO

Allow local uses to login by changing the local_enable setting to YES:

local_enable=YES

If you want local user to be able to write to a directory, then change the
write_enable setting to YES:
write_enable=YES

service vsftpd restart

PORT:
In computer networking, a port is an endpoint of communication in an operating
system.
Definition: In computer networking, the term port can refer to either physical or
virtual connection points.
Physical network ports allow connecting cables to computers, routers, modems
and other peripheral devices. Several different types of physical ports available
on computer network hardware include:
Ethernet ports
USB ports
serial ports
Virtual ports are part of TCP/IP networking. These ports allow software
applications to share hardware resources without interfering with each other.
Computers and routers automatically manage network traffic traveling via their
virtual ports. Network firewalls additionally provide some control over the flow
of traffic on each virtual port for security purposes.

Socket:
Normally, a server runs on a specific computer and has a socket that is bound to
a specific port number. The server just waits, listening to the socket for a client
to make a connection request.
Definition: A socket is one endpoint of a two-way communication link between
two programs running on the network. A socket is bound to a port number so
that the TCP layer can identify the application that data is destined to be sent to.
An endpoint is a combination of an IP address and a port number. Every TCP
connection can be uniquely identified by its two endpoints. That way you can
have multiple connections between your host and the server.

Socket Programming:
Sockets provide the communication mechanism between two computers using
TCP. A client program creates a socket on its end of the communication and
attempts to connect that socket to a server.

When the connection is made, the server creates a socket object on its end of the
communication. The client and server can now communicate by writing to and
reading from the socket.
The java.net.Socket class represents a socket, and the java.net.ServerSocket
class provides a mechanism for the server program to listen for clients and
establish connections with them.

PORT VS SOCKET
A socket is one of two endpoints of a communication link between two
computers (or occasionally between one computer and itself) across a network.
That communication link may use a common, established protocol (such as
TCP) or may use a totally proprietary protocol.

A port is part of the address by which a socket link is established. One machine
may have only one IP address but many ports, and may have one listener service
assigned to one or more ports. A port might be thought of as an "apartment
number" in a computer's address; the address gets to the computer, the port
identifies which door to knock on.