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  • IPC Notes on History and Extent

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    The document summarizes the history and key aspects of the Indian Penal Code. It notes that the IPC was drafted in 1860 on the recommendation of the First Law Commission headed by Lord Macauley. The IPC applies to all of India except Jammu and Kashmir. It establishes territorial jurisdiction over offenses committed within India by Indian citizens, foreigners present in India, and offenses committed extraterritorially by Indian citizens or on ships registered in India. The IPC does not apply to military personnel subject to separate laws.

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    The document summarizes the history and key aspects of the Indian Penal Code. It notes that the IPC was drafted in 1860 on the recommendation of the First Law Commission headed by Lord Macauley. The IPC applies to all of India except Jammu and Kashmir. It establishes territorial jurisdiction over offenses committed within India by Indian citizens, foreigners present in India, and offenses committed extraterritorially by Indian citizens or on ships registered in India. The IPC does not apply to military personnel subject to separate laws.

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    3K tayangan2 halaman

    IPC Notes on History and Extent

    Diunggah oleh

    kimmiahuja
    The document summarizes the history and key aspects of the Indian Penal Code. It notes that the IPC was drafted in 1860 on the recommendation of the First Law Commission headed by Lord Macauley. The IPC applies to all of India except Jammu and Kashmir. It establishes territorial jurisdiction over offenses committed within India by Indian citizens, foreigners present in India, and offenses committed extraterritorially by Indian citizens or on ships registered in India. The IPC does not apply to military personnel subject to separate laws.

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 2

    7/12/2016

    IPCNotesunit1

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    IPCNotesUNIT1
    INTRODUCTION
    HistoryoftheIndianPenalCode:
    DuringtheBritishPeriodtheGovernorGeneralAppointedtheIndianLawCommissionersinordertojudgetheconditionofthepenallawsprevalentin
    IndiaandsuggestacomprehensivePenalCode.Intheyear1834theFirstLawCommissionwasconstitutedheadedbyLordMacauleyfordraftingthe
    IndianPenalCode.TheDraftunderwentvariouslevelsofscrutinyandwasfinallypassedandreceivedtheGovernorGeneralsassenton6thOctober
    1860andcametoforceon1stJanuary1862.
    TheIPCisacomprehensivepieceoflegislation,whichinitiallyconsistedof23Chaptersand511Sectionsandasaresultofvariousamendmentsthatithas
    gonethroughtherearefinally538sections.
    ExtentandOperationoftheIndianPenalCode:
    TheChapter1(Sections15)oftheIndianPenalCodedealswiththeextentandoperation.AccordingtoSection1oftheCodetheNameoftheCodeshall
    beIndianPenalCodeandthesameshallbeapplicabletowholeofIndiaexceptJammuandKashmirvideArticle370oftheConstitutionofIndia.Every
    personshallbeliabletopunishmentunderthiscodeforeveryactoromissioncontrarytotheActandnototherwise[1].
    Section2oftheActdealswiththeIntraTerritorialJurisdiction,i.e.offencecommittedinIndiaandpunishedundertheCode.Thissectionassertsliability
    onthebasisoflocalityandplaceofcommissionofoffence.InordertoinvokethecodeitmustbeproventhattheoffencewascommittedwithintheIndian
    Territory.ThetermIndianTerritoryhasbeendefinedtoincludeland,water(inlandwaterincludingtheriver,canalsetc.)andtheportionsofsea.Every
    PersonincludesCitizen,noncitizenandevenForeignersvisitingIndia.Althoughthesameexcludesjudicialperson(companiesetc.),thoughthesame
    shallbeliablefortheactionsoftheirdirectorsbecauseoftheprincipleofVicariousLiability.
    Cases:
    InthecaseofStateofMaharashtravs.M.H.George(AIR1965SC722),itwasheldthattheforeignerwhoentersIndiabyacceptingtheallegianceof
    Indianlawsisalsoliableforpunishmentincaseanoffenceiscommittedunderthecodeandthathecannottakeapleaofignoranceoflaw.
    InthecaseofRvs.Esop[(1836)7ER203],itwasheldthatnopersoncantakethepleaofnotbeingawareofthecriminalityoftheactinthecountry.In
    thiscasethepersonhadcontendedthatunnaturaloffencewasnotacriminalactinhislandoforiginBaghdadandthathewasnotawareofthefactthatthe
    samewasacriminalact.Suchanargumentwasnegatedandthepersonwasconvicted.
    InthecaseofMobarkAlivs.StateofBombay(AIR1957SC857),PakistanicitizenmadeafalserepresentationwhileinKarachiothecomplainantin
    Bombaythroughletters,phonecallsandtelegramswhichinducedthecomplainanttopartwithanamountofaroundRs.5lacstotheagentoftheaccused
    inBombaysothatricecouldbeshippedfromKarachitoBombay.NOricewassupplied.TheaccusedwascaughtinEnglandandbroughttoBombay
    wherehewasprosecutedandconvictedunderSection420forcheating.TheSupremeCourtupheldtheconvictioneventhoughthepersonwasphysically
    presentinBombay.
    TheapplicationoftheActdependsupontheplacewheretheoffenceiscommittedandnotonthenationalityorplaceofresidenceoftheoffender.So,a
    personphysicallypresentoutsideIndiacancommitanoffencewithinIndiaandshallbePunishableunderthecode.Thus,thecodeshallbeExtra
    Territoriallyapplicableinthefollowingcases:

    1.anycitizenofIndiainanyplacewithoutorbeyondIndia
    2.anypersononashiporaircraftregisteredinIndia
    3.anypersoninanyplacebeyondIndiawhereinthetargetoftheoffencebeingacomputerresourcelocatedin
    India[2].
    Section4oftheIPCextendstheapplicationofthecodetoanoffencecommittedoutsideIndiabyanIndiancitizenandoffencecommittedonashipor
    aircraftregisteredinIndia.Therationalebehindthisextensionofcriminaljurisdictionothecourtsisbasedonthecontentionthateverysovereignstatecan
    regulatetheconductofitscitizen,wheretheymightbeforthetimebeing.Clause2ofsection4givesAdmiraltyjurisdiction[3]totheIndianCourtsandthe
    powertotryoffencescommittedonanyshiporaircraftregisteredinIndia.Ashipisconsideredtobeafloatingislandbelongingtothecountrywhoseflag
    itisbearing.Thusallthevesselsareconsideredasthepartoftheterritoryofthecountrywhoseflagtheyfly.
    ExceptiontoapplicabilityoftheAct:
    TheActisnotapplicabletosoldiers,sailorsorairmenintheserviceoftheGovernmentofIndiabecausetherearedifferentlawsforpunishingsuch
    personnel[4].

    [1]Section2IPC
    [2]Section4IPC
    [3]Section188CrPC
    [4]Section5IPC

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