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CHAPTER 1: MATTER AND MEASUREMENT

1. Basic concepts in chemistry
2. Matter

GENERAL CHEMISTRY

3. Measurement and Unit

4. Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures in

Msc: Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy

Department of Natural Science, Faculty of International Training,
Thai Nguyen University of Technology
Email: Thuynguyenktmt@tnut.edu.vn
Office room: 109 A2 building

Measurement

Thai Nguyen - 2016

CHAPTER 1: MATTER AND MEASUREMENT

2. Matter - The organization of matter

1. Basic concepts in chemistry

Chemistry = the study of matter and its changes
Matter = anything occupying space and having mass
Particulate theory of matter:
All matter is made of atoms
Atom = smallest part of an element
Molecule = two or more atoms joined, acting as a unit

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2. Matter - Phase differences

2. Matter - State of matter

Bromine
Liquid element

Iodine
Solid element

Chlorine
Gaseous element

2. Matter - Chemical change

Solid definite volume and shape; particles packed in fixed

positions.
Liquid definite volume but indefinite shape; particles close
together but not in fixed positions
Gas neither definite volume nor definite shape; particles are
at great distances from one another
Plasma high temperature, ionized phase of matter as found
on the sun.

2. Matter - Chemical equation

A change in fundamental components of the substance

Chemical equation (balanced) = symbolic representation of

Creates something new and different

chemical reaction

Chemical changes are called chemical reactions

Reactant(s) Product(s)

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3. Measurement and Unit

A measurement is a quantitative observation consisting of two
parts:
Part 1 - number
Part 2 - scale (unit)

3. Measurement and Units - Scientific notation

When dealing with very large or very small

quantities
We place one nonzero digit to the left of the
decimal

Examples: 20 grams
6.63 x 10-34 Jouleseconds
Two major standard systems of units:
English system: U.S. (feet, mile, gallon, pound)
Metric system: the rest of the world (meter, kilometer, liter,
cubic meter, kilogram, gram,)

3. Measurement and Units - The Fundamental SI Units

Systme Internationale dUnits

All other units are derived from these fundamental units.

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1.4.

Accuracy,

Precision,

and

Significant

Figures

Measurement
1. Accuracy refers to how close to the true value a given
measurement is
2. Precision refers to how well a number of independent
measurements agree with one another - Reproducibility

in

1.4.

Accuracy,

Precision,

and

Significant

Figures

in

Measurement

Significant Figures
The total number of digits in a measurement is called the
number of significant figures.
54.4 g: three significant figures
54.4418 g: six significant figures.

Rounding Numbers

THANK YOU VERY MUCH

FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Calculators often display more figures than are

justified by the precision of the data.