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Welcome to Ericsson eLearning

course: WCDMA RAN W13 Delta W13 Feature Highlights.

This eLearning course will mainly

introduce WCDMA RAN W13
feature highlights. After
completing this course, you will
be able to:

List the highlighted features of

W13 releases;
Describe the benefits of these
features;

You can select the topic you like

from the left menu, or just click
next to go through the whole
course.

First, let's have an overview of

W13 software releases.

It is predicted that by the end

of 2013 the number of users of
social networks will reach 1.5
billion and smart phone sales
will exceed 970 million. Mobile
Operators must be ready to
meet the challenge of providing
Networks that allow a huge
number of users to access
internet services like Facebook
and Twitter using their
Smartphones. 2013 is also
expected to be a record year
for 4G with global LTE
Smartphone shipments to triple
from 90.9 million units in 2012
to 275 million.

The WCDMA RAN W13 release

brings significant
enhancements to end user
experience and network
efficiency designed to meet the
challenges faced by Mobile

Operators in 2013.
As with all Ericsson WCDMA
RAN software releases, the W13
release is made up of the W13A
and W13B releases. Some of
the highlights of the W13A and
W13B releases which will be
covered in this course are
illustrated in the figure.
Now let's look at the benefits of
some highlighted features of
W13 releases.

Multi RAB Observability

This feature makes it possible for

Operators to monitor the
accessibility and retainability of
Radio Access Bearers while in
multi RAB calls. For the purposes
of this feature a multi RAB call is
defined as a call which includes a
CS RAB and at least one PS RAB.
This feature does not monitor the
performance of multi RAB calls
without CS RABs.

This feature introduces 30 new

UtranCell counters which are

included in the RNC Primary
System defined subscription and
8 new UeRc counters that require
a user defined profile for
activation. The ENIQ predefined
network performance reports are
updated to include 3 new
Accessibility and 5 new
Retainability KPIs using these new
counters.

The new accessibility KPI

introduced within this feature
requires that UEs, while
establishing new CS RABs from
URA_PCH state, include the
Establishment Cause Information
Element in the Cell Update
message as specified from 3GPP
release 5 onwards. It is assumed
that the majority of UEs in the
network are release 5 or higher
when the feature is implemented.
Uplink fast congestion control

This W13A optional feature

targets a reduced and less
varying interference which
improves accessibility and
retainability in highly loaded
scenarios. When high uplink

interference is detected the

Uplink Fast Congestion Control
algorithm uses Fast Power
Control to quickly reduce the
power of one or several UEs
using EUL.

In W13A the Uplink Fast

Congestion Control algorithm
controls the transmission
power for RAB and multi-RAB
combinations using EUL with 2
msec or 10 msec TTIs. Users
using R99 channels are not
targeted in this release. The
Uplink Fast Congestion Control
feature produces a less varying
uplink interference which
improves accessibility and
retainability in highly loaded
scenarios. In some cases,
under certain conditions, it may
also work as an enabler for
increased EUL single user peak
rate and multi-user EUL
throughput, at maintained
coverage.

TheUplink Fast Congestion

ControlW13A optional feature
is only supported for the DUW.

Ue real-time trace

This new W13A optional feature

introduces the option to stream
UETR events for up to 100 UEs
directly from the RNC to ENIQ
or to an external IP host. The
limitation was 14 in W13A.

A license is required in ENIQ

Events to support parsing and
viewing of the streamed UETR
events. The UE Real-time
Trace optional feature provides
RF Engineers with real-time
network performance feedback
for a selected number of UEs in
the RNC. Since the UETR data
is streamed directly from the
RNC to ENIQ or an external IP
host there is no persistent data
storage on the RNC while the
trace is active.
Hsdpa # users per cell

This new optional feature

enables the allocation of
licenses for HSDPA users per
cell from 4 up to 128 in steps of
4. The license limit is contained
in the CXC 402 1002 RBS

capacity key and displayed

with the
licenseCapacityNumHsdpaUser
s read-only parameter.

This feature makes it much

simpler to order licenses for
HSDPA users per cell and
replaces the existing optional
features listed in the figure.

The range of the

maxNumHsdpaUsers
RbsLocalCell parameter is
extended from 96 to 128 in
W13A to support the license for
128 HSDPA users per cell. It
should ne noted that 128
HSDPA users per cell is only
supported with the DUW.
HSDPA # codes per cell

This feature enables the

allocation of licenses for HSDPA
codes per cell from 5 up to 15
in steps of 5. The license limit
is contained in the CXC 402
1001 RBS capacity key and
displayed with the
licenseCapacityNumHsPdschC

odes read-only parameter.

This feature makes it much

simpler to order licenses for
HSDPA codes per cell and
replaces the existing optional
features listed in the figure.

This feature is applicable for

RBSs using DUW and TXB.
EUL # users per cell

This feature enables the

allocation of licenses for EUL
users per cell from 4 up to 96 in
steps of 4. The license limit is
contained in the CXC 402 1007
RBS capacity key and displayed
with the
licenseCapacityNumEulUsers
read-only parameter.

This feature makes it much

simpler to order licenses for EUL
users per cell and replaces the
existing optional features listed in
the figure.

It should ne noted that 64 and 96

EUL users per cell is only
supported with the DUW.

The WCDMA uplink channel is,

by nature, an interferenceconstrained multiple-access
channel. All active users
simultaneously transmit
asynchronously over the same
bandwidth, and each users
signal is interfering with other
users signal. The multipleaccess channel capacity is
achieved under the assumption
that the decoded signal is fully
removed from the received
waveform. In practical
implementations, however,
cancellation is not ideal and
there will be residual
interference remaining.

Theoretically, the ideal capacity

of a multiple-access channel
can be achieved through an
onion peeling process, where
users are decoded in a
successive manner, and the
signal of successfully decoded
users are subtracted from the
waveform before decoding the
next user. Therefore, a
cleaner signal is available for

the users yet to be decoded.

Such procedure is typically
referred to as Successive
Interference Cancellation.

In the illustration user #1

which is transmitting the most
power and hence is causing the
most interference is decoded
first and removed, leaving less
interference to user #2 and #3.
The next highest interference
source which in this illustration
is user #2 is next to be
decoded and removed leaving
less interference for user #1
which is the last to be decoded.
Decoding users in this way is
an improvement on the
traditional matched filter
approach and gives improved
equalization, SIR estimation
and power control which leads
to improved Uplink throughput
and capacity.
The Interference
Suppressionfeature introduced in
W12 is an advanced receiver
enhancement for the DUW that
replaces the RAKE or GRAKE
receiver for the E-DPDCH of 2 ms
TTI EUL users with an Interference
Suppression algorithm. In W13A

this feature is improved so that

the HS-DPCCH and E-DPCCH are
also received with the
interference suppression
algorithm.

Operators using the W12

Interference Suppression feature
can now add the new W13A
Interference Suppression for EUL
10 ms optional feature that
enables the DUW to also use the
interference suppression
algorithm for 10 msec EUL users.
In RBSs where both the GRAKE
and the Interference Suppression
features are enabled the
interference suppression
algorithm will still be used.

In W13A the DUW hardware can

support Interference Suppression
for 42 users for every 128 uplink
CEs. For example the DUW 30
which has 512 uplink CEs can
support Interference Suppression
for up to 168 EUL users. When
this limit is exceeded Interference
Suppression is allocated to users
in a Best Effort basis where it is
used for users with the highest bit
rates up to the maximum number

with the RAKE or G-RAKE receiver

being used for all other users
Mobile broadband traffic is
growing rapidly, driven by the
increasing popularity of
connected devices, such as
smartphones and tablets. Within
10 years Ericsson predicts that we
will have 10 times more mobile
devices, 100 times the amount of
service offerings and will require
1000 times more capacity.

Meeting these expectations is a

key priority for operators looking
to differentiate themselves in the
Networked Society, in which
everything that can benefit from a
connection will be connected. To
provide the right mobile
broadband experience, networks
need sufficient capacity and
coverage to deliver high data
throughput with very low latency.
One approach is to deploy a
Heterogeneous Network,
commonly referred to as a
Hetnet'.

A Hetnet is as a network with

complex interoperation between
macro, micro and pico cells and in

come cases WiFi network

elements used together to
provide a mosaic of coverage,
with handoff capability between
each layer.

Designing a heterogeneous
network in the most effective way
involves improving, densifying
and adding to the mobile
broadband infrastructure.
Ericsson used the term Hetnet
Toolbox to describe its offerings
to support the deployment of
Hetnet.
To meet this increased traffic
demand the Operator can
improve the existing macro
layer by Improving the macro
cells with more spectrum,
advanced antennas, increased
order of diversity on the
receiver and/or the transmitter,
and greater baseband
processing capacity within and
between nodes. Continued
evolution of HSPA and LTE
technology will drive macro
network efficiency through
specialized features, such as
higher-order modulation, higher
sectorization, multi-carrier and
multi-antenna solutions, as well

as spectrum refarming using

hybrid radio solutions.
Increasing capacity and data
rates in this way reduces the
need for new sites.

The capacity and data rates

achieved by Improving the
macro network alone will
eventually prove insufficient to
meet demand. The next step in
the Hetnet Toolbox is to
Densify the network with the
addition of strategically located
small cells. This approach
keeps the total number of sites
relatively low, while network
performance becomes less
sensitive to traffic location. A
simple way to Densify a
network could be a cell-split,
which enables a site to
transition from a three-sector
site to a six-sector site. These
strategic cells could use macro
equipment or even micro
equipment.

The last Hetnet Toolbox is to

Add small cells and dedicated
indoor solutions to complement
the macro cells. This approach

can include the use of micro

cells, pico cells or the new low
power micro Remote Radio Unit
as well as Wi-Fi. The degree of
integration that can be
achieved throughout the
heterogeneous networks will
determine the overall network
performance.
Differentiated UEe handling

This new W13B optional feature

makes it possible to log the
International Mobile Station
Equipment Identity and
Software Version for
troubleshooting purposes and
can also be useful to
understand what UE
types/models are currently
active in the network.

This optional feature also

introduces a device handling
framework making it possible
for the Operator to associate
future special workarounds/UE
modifications in the RNC with a
given IMEISV, that is, a given
Type Allocation Code and
Software Version Number. In
W13B the TAC and SVN is used

by the Fast Dormancy for prerel-8 UE and Device Optimized

Fast Dormancy new W13B
optional features.
Fast dormancy handling

Fast Dormancy is used by all

Smartphone vendors to combat
high battery consumption in
CELL_DCH and CELL_FACH
states. The UE initiates a
connection release directly
when there is nothing more to
send or receive by sending a
RRC Signalling Connection
Release Indication message.
This message contains the
Integrity check info, CN domain
identity and in the case of 3GPP
Release 8 UEs the Signalling
Connection Release Indication
Cause IEs.

On reception of a Signalling
Connection Release indication
message from a pre-Release 8
UE, that is without the
Signalling Connection Release
Indication Cause IE the RNC will
switch the UE to URA_PCH if the
FastDormancyHandling
license is activated and the

fastDormancyMethod
parameter is set to
SWITCH_TO_URA. The
fastDormancyMethod
parameter can also be set to
RELEASE, in which case the
connection is released.

On reception of a Signalling
Connection Release indication
message from a Release 8 UE,
that is with the Signalling
Connection Release Indication
Cause IE equal to UE
Requested PS Data session
end the RNC will switch the UE
to URA_PCH if the if the
FastDormancyHandling
license is activated regardless
of the setting of the
fastDormancyMethod
parameter.
WCDMA IRAT Handover,
Coverage-Triggeredand
WCDMA Session Continuity,
Coverage-Triggered

Both the two features use the

Event A2 measurement process
as defined in 3GPP documents
TS 36.300 and TS 36.331. The
Event A2 can base its

triggering criterion on either

Reference Signal Received
Power or Reference Signal
Received Quality.
A simplified WCDMA IRAT
Handover and Session
Continuity flow chart is shown
in the figure.

When an A2 event is received

the eNodeB will first check if a
blind handover is possible, that
is a PS handover to a predefined cell using the WCDMA
IRAT handover optional feature.

If blind handover to a predefined cell is not possible the

UE is ordered to start B2 and
A1 measurements. The
eNodeB will wait for a limited
amount of time for the UE to
report B2 events. If the
eNobeB does not receive a
report within this time it will
perform WCDMA Session
Continuity to one defined
WCDMA neighbors of the
serving LTE cell.

When a B2 measurement
report is received handover to
the reported WCDMA cell is
performed using the cell using
the WCDMA IRAT handover
optional feature if the UE
supports PS handover to LTE. If
this feature is not activated or
the UE does not support PS
handover to LTE the eNodeB
will perform WCDMA Session
Continuity to the reported
WCDMA Cell.
IRAT offload from LTE

This new W13B optional feature

introduces improved handling of
incoming CS and PS handover
requests from LTE, triggered by
high load in LTE. It is intended to
be used together with LTE RAN
offload features.

When the WCDMA cell receives a

Handover Request from LTE due
to high load a number of load
checks are performed before
Admission Control. The downlink
power and code availability is
checked in the case of a CS call
and number of HS users and EUL
congested state in the case of a

PS call. If either of these load

checks fail a Handover Reject
message is sent to the LTE
Network and the Handover
Requests are stopped.

If these new load checks pass the

request is passed to Admission
Control where the normal
admission limits are checked. If
the request fails at Admission
Control a Handover Reject
message is sent to the LTE
Network and the Handover
Requests are stopped . The
handover form LTE to WCDMA is
only performed if the request is
passed by Admission Control.

After a successful offload from LTE

to WCDMA, this UE is prevented
from performing a Release with
Redirect back to LTE during a
specific time.
Summary

In this eLearning course, you've

learned the WCDMA RAN W13
feature highlights as listed
here:

Multi RAB Observability

Uplink Fast Congestion Control
UE Real Time Trace
Increased HS users and codes
per cell
Improved Interference
Suppression
Heterogeneous Network
Differentiated UE Handling
Improved Fast Dormancy
handling
PS handover from LTE
IRAT Offload from LTE
Finally, let's check how you
have learned through a quiz.

How many new Accessibility

KPIs were introduced by feature
Multi RAB Observability?

UETR Events for up to 100 UEs

can be streamed to ENIQ or
External IP Host.

Which of the following is correct?

How many users does the DUW

support for Interference
Supperession for every 128 CEs?

How many HSDPA users are

supported per cell in W13A?

More information about WCDMA

RAN W13 Feature can be found in
other courses:

WCDMA RAN W13 Delta - W13

System Improvements
WCDMA RAN W13 Delta - W13
WCDMA/LTE Internetworking
Features

For more eLearning courses or

instructor led trainings, please
visit our website. We are looking
forward to seeing you again !