Pedestrians

Walking is the oldest and most basic form of transportation.

Pedestrian Dimensions

Research has shown that the ambulatory human body encompasses an

ellipse of 45 by 60 cm (18 by 24 inches). This dimension, however, does not
account for a variety of scenarios, including pedestrians walking side by side;
persons using canes, walkers, dog guides, or wheelchairs; persons with
shopping carts or baby carriages, and so on. Table 8 shows dimensions for
various types of pedestrians.

Bicycling
Bicycle travel is healthy, cost effective, energy efficient, and environmentally
friendly. Bicycle travel is healthy, cost effective, energy efficient, and
environmentally friendly. Given the increases in traffic congestion over the past few
decades, particularly in urban areas, the number of people that use bicycles to
commute to work is on the rise. Bicyclists are particularly vulnerable because they
share the roadway with motorists and follow the same rules of the road, yet they do
not possess nearly the same attributes in size, speed, and ability to accelerate as
their motor vehicle counterparts. Consequently, roadway characteristics such as
grades, lane widths, intersection widths, and lighting conditions influence the safety
and operations of bicyclists to a larger degree than they do for vehicles.
Bicyclist Dimensions

Bicyclists require at least 1.0 m (40 inches) of operating space, with an

operating space of 1.2 m (4 ft) as the minimum width for bike lanes or other
facilities designed for exclusive one-way or preferential use by bicyclists (see

figure 4). For facilities where motor vehicle volumes, motor vehicle or
bicyclist speed, and the mix of truck and bus traffic increase, such as most
high-volume signalized intersections, a more comfortable operating space of
1.5 m (5 ft) or more is desirable.(22) In addition, because most bicyclists ride a
distance of 0.8 to 1.0 m (32 to 40 inches) from a curb face, this area should
be clear of drain inlets, utility covers, and other items that may cause the
bicyclist to swerve.

Bicycle User Needs

The general objectives for bicycle travel are similar to those for other modes:
to get from point "A" to point "B" as efficiently as possible on a route that is
safe and enjoyable. At the same time, the mode of travel must integrate with
other forms of transportation that use the roadway network and not
adversely affect other modes or uses.

Figure 4. Typical
dimensions of a bicyclist.

Width-1.2 m (4 ft) design minimum for exclusive bicycle lanes; 1.5 m (5

ft) design minimum where motor vehicle traffic volumes, motor vehicle
or bicyclist speed, and/or the mix of truck and bus traffic increase;
bicycle lane width is the affected intersection feature.

Length1.8 m (5.9 ft), median island width at crosswalk is the affected

intersection feature.

Lateral clearance on each side-0.6 m (2.0 ft); 1.0 m (3.3 ft) to

obstructions; shared bicycle-pedestrian path width is the affected
intersection feature.

Sources: (22); (6), as adapted from (23)

The Danish Road Directorate identifies key elements to incorporate in the
planning of cycling facilities:

Accessible and coherent. The cycle network should run directly from
residential areas to the most important destinations such as schools,
workplaces, and shopping and entertainment centers.

Direct and easy. If the cycle network is not direct, logical, and easy to
use, some cyclists will choose roads not planned for bicycle traffic.

Safe and secure. Adequate visibility and curve radii should make it
possible for cyclists to travel safely at a minimum of 25 km/h (15 mph).
Parked cars, vegetation, barriers, etc. can result in poor or reduced
visibility. Awareness of presence of bicyclists can be heightened by
signing and road marking.

Self-explanatory design. Edge lines, bicycle symbols, colored tracks

and lanes, and channelization of traffic make it easy to understand
where cyclists should place themselves. Uniformity over long stretches
is an important component.

Other elements that should be considered in the planning and design of

bicycle facilities include bike lanes, pavement surface conditions, drainage
inlet grates, refuge, and lighting.
Bicycle-motor vehicle crashes are a concern at intersections. An FHWA report
identified four common crash types, three of which occur at intersections:

Motorist left turn facing the bicyclist.

Bicyclist left turn in front of traffic.

Motorist drive-out from a driveway or alley.

Bicyclist ride-out from a stop sign or flashing red signal.

ACCESSIBILITY LAW (BP344)

-

Accessible ramps
Accessible ramps shall have the following facilities and features:
1.2.1 Minimum clear width of 1.20 m.
1.2.2 Gradient not steeper than 1:12.
-38mm (1 1/2") DIA. Handrails
-45mm (1 3/4") DIA. Handrails
-300mm before Warning Tactile Blocks
-Handrails extensions
-Maximum length of 6.00 m.: Accessible ramps with a total
length longer than 6.00 m shall be provided with intermediate
landings with a minimum length of 1.50 m.
-Curbs on both sides of the ramp with a minimum height of 100
mm.

2. RAMPS
2.4 The length of a ramp should not exceed 6.00 m of the gradient
is 1:12; longer ramps whose gradient is 1:12 shall be provided with
landings not less tha 1.50 m.

2.5 A level area not less than 1.80 m should be provided at the top
and bottom of any ramp.
2.7 Ramps shall be equipped with curbs on both side with a
minimum height of 0.10 m.
1.2.6 Handrails on both sides of the ramp at 700 mm and 900 mm
from the floor of the ramp.

3.3. Handrails shall be installed at 900 mm and 700 mm above stairs or ramps.

EASY TO GRAB DESIGN

SIGNAGE

5.2. Directional and information (Audio, Visual, and Tactile) signages shall be
located at points that can be conveniently seen, heard, and felt by all persons
with disabilities.

WALKWAYS
- Walkways should be kept as level as possible and provided with slip-resistant
material.

3. WALKWAYS
PASSAGEWAYS

AND

3.1 Walkways should be kept as level as possible and provided with slip-resistant
material.
3.3 walkways should have a maximum cross gradient of 1:100.
3.4 Walkways should have a minimum width of 1.20 meters.
3.7 In lengthy or busy walkways, spaces should be provided at some point along the
route so that a wheelchair may pass another to turn around. These spaces should
have minimum dimension of 1:50m and should be spaced a maximum distance of
12.00m between stops.

3.8 To guide the blind, walkways should as much as possible follow straightforward
with right angle turns.
3.9 where planting is provided adjacent to the walkway, regular maintenance is
essential to ensure branches of trees or shrubs do not overhang walkways or paths,
as not only do these present a particular danger to the blind, but they also reduce
the effective footways with available pedestrians generally.
3.10 Walkway headroom should not be less than 2.0m and preferably higher.

4. HANDRAILS
4.1 Handrails should be installed at both sides of the ramps and at the outer edges
of the dropped curbs. Handrails at dropped curbs should not be installed beyond the
width of any crossings so as not to obstruct pedestrian flow.
4.2 Handrails should be installed at 0.90 m and 0.70 m above steps or ramps.
Handrails for protection at great heights may be installed at 1.0 to 1.06 m.

4.3 A 0.30 m long extension of the handrail should be provided at the start and end
of the ramps and stairs.

USAGE OF TACTILE SURFACES

(Fire Code of the Philippines)

Toilets and Baths

1. The minimum number of accessible toilet compartments on each floor
level or on that part of a floor level accessible to persons with disabilities
shall be one (1) where the total number of water closets per set on that
level is 20; and two (2) where the number of water closets exceeds 20.
6.3

Accessible toilet compartments shall have the following:

6.3.1
A minimum area of 1.70 m x 1.80 m.
6.3.2
One (1) flip-up grab bar to be mounted on the wide side of the
compartment adjacent to the water closet and be at a height between 280 mm
and 300 mm from the top of the water closet seat and extend not more than
100 mm in line with the front of the water closet. One (1) vertical bar to be
provided on the side
wall close to the water closet and located between 350 mm and 450 mm from
the front edge. Center line of water closet (top view) is 750 mm from finish to
wall to grab bar.
6.3.3
A turning space of 2.25 sq. m with a minimum dimension of 1500
mm for wheelchair users shall be provided outside water closet cubicles.
6.3.4
Accessories such as mirrors, paper dispensers, towel racks and
fittings such as faucets mounted at heights reachable by wheelchair users. Toilet
accessories such as mirrors, towel and soap dispensers, hand dryer, waste bin
should be encouraged to have a color contrast. Accessories should be placed
near the accessible lavatory.