UNIT 1

1)Enumerate the basic advantages of microwave and discuss typical applications of microwave.
OR
1) Discuss the advantages of microwave frequencies compare with low-frequency waves and list out the
various applications of microwaves.
2) Explain the terms: Cut off wavelength (c), Guide wavelength (g) and free space wavelength (o).
What is the relationship between them?

UNIT 2
1) Explain TE, TM and TEM modes in a waveguide. What is meant by the Dominant mode in a
rectangular waveguide? Explain why TEM mode can not propagate through a rectangular waveguide.
2) An air filled waveguide with a cross section 4 * 2 cm transports energy in the TE 10 mode
at the rate of 0.1 hp. The impressed frequency is 30 GHz. What is the peak value of the
electric field accruing in the guide?

UNIT 3
1) Draw and explain equivalent circuit of a length x of a transmission line at microwave frequencies.
2) Explain working of rectangular wave guide with necessary diagram, derivation and waveforms.
3) Write advantage of wave guide over co-axial cable and explain working of Circular wave guide with
necessary diagram and waveforms.
4) Define following terms:
(i) Characteristics impedance (ii) Return loss (iii) VSWR (iv) Wave impedance (v) Phase velocity (vi)
Group velocity (vii ) Guide wave length
5) What do you mean by stub? Explain impedance matching by use of stub with necessary circuit,
waveforms and derivation.
6) Write the advantages and disadvantages of rectangular waveguide over circular wave guide .List out
the differences between the TE mode and TM mode.
7) What do you mean by stub? Explain impedance matching by use of stub with necessary circuit,
waveforms and derivation.
8) (i) A transmission line has the following parameters: R=2/m G=0.5mmho/m L=8nH/m, C=0.23pF
f=1GHz Calculate the characteristic Impedance and the propagation constant.
9) Write properties of smith chart and explain its application with example.
10) Write short note on: Micro strip lines.
11) An air filled rectangular waveguide has dimensions of 6cm 4cm. It propagates a signal at 3 GHz.
Compute the Cut-off frequency, Guide wavelength, Phase constant, Phase velocity, Group velocity and
Wave impedance for TE10 mode.
12) Explain the terms cutoff wavelength and dominant mode. Determine the cutoff wavelength for the
dominant mode in a rectangular waveguide of breadth 10 cms. For a 2.5 GHz signal propagated in this
waveguide in the dominant mode; calculate the guide wavelength, the group and phase velocities?
13) How are waveguides different from normal two-wire transmission line? Discuss similarities and
dissimilarities. Show that TEM wave cannot propagate in a waveguide by making use of Maxwells
equations.
14) Define Following: Microwave, Transmission coefficient, Pure travelling wave, Pure Standing wave,
Blind speed, Phase Velocity, Velocity modulation.
15) A transmission line has a characteristic impedance of 75+j0.01 and is terminated in a load
impedance of 70+j50. Calculate the reflection coefficient and Transmission coefficient. Also verify the
relationship T2= Zl/Z0(1-2). Where T= Transmission coefficient and =Reflection coefficient.
16) Define Standing wave and derive equation of the voltage standing wave. Also find equations for the
minimum and maximum amplitude and distance between any two successive maxima or minima. Draw
the standing wave pattern for lossy and lossless line.

17) State the characteristics of smith chart. A lossless transmission line has characteristic impedance
50 is terminated in a load impedance 50+j50 the operating wavelength =4cm. Find out 1st Vmax
and Vmin from load using smith chart also find VSWR.
18) Which are the merits of double stub impedance matching compare to single stub. A single stub tuner
is to match a lossless line of 400 to a load of 800-j300 . The characteristic impedance of stub is 400
. The frequency is 3 GHz. Find the distance in meters from the load to the tuning stub. Determine the
length in meters of the short circuited stub. Find two possible solutions.
19) Explain reflection coefficient of transmission line and standing wave. Derive expression for
impedance and reflection coefficient at any point on the line.
20) A transmission line has a characteristic impedance of 50 + j 0.01 and is terminated in a load
impedance of 73 j 42.5 . Calculate: (a) the reflection coefficient; (b) the standing-wave ratio.
21) An air-filled circular waveguide has a radius of 2 cm and is to carry energy at a frequency of 10
GHz. Find all the TEnp and TMnp modes for which energy transmission is possible.
22) What are the types of distortion present on a transmission line? Starting from derivation of and
,derive the condition for distortionless transmission.
23) A 75 transmission line is terminated in a load of ( 150 + j 225 ) Design a suitable stub line to
match the load to the line. The operting frequency is 500 Mhz. Use Smith chart for solving the problem.
24) A lossless transmission line with characteristic impedance of 300 ohm is fed by a generator with
impedance 100 ohm. The line is 100 m long and is terminated by a resistive load of 200 ohm. Calculate the
load reflection coefficient, VSWR, the transmission loss and the return loss.
25) A 100 ohm line with air as dielectric is terminated by a load impedance of 75 + j40 ohm and is

excited at 1 GHz by a matched generator. Find the position of a single stub of 100 ohm impedance on
the line, and determine the length of the stub. Solve using Smith chart..
26) A lossless 50 ohm air line has V max = 2.5 V and Vmin = 1 V when terminated with an unknown
load. The distance between the successive voltage minima is 5 cm and the first voltage minimum from
the load end is 1.25 cm. Design a short circuited single stub for impedance matching. Solve using Smith
chart.

UNIT 4

UNIT 5
1) Draw and explain working of a Magic Tee with neat sketch. Write its applications.
OR
1) What is magic associated with a Magic Tee? Draw a neat sketch of a Magic Tee and list out its
applications and properties.
2) Discuss the problems associated to conventional tubes at microwave frequencies. Explain working of
two cavity klystron with necessary diagram and waveforms.
OR
2) Explain the principle of operation of a multi cavity klystron with necessary diagram and waveforms.
Write applications of it.
3) Explain construction, characteristic and application of Gunn diode.
OR
3) Explain GUNN effect. Describe the construction of GUNN diode and mention performance,
characteristics and applications.
4) Explain working of Circulators and isolators with neat sketch.
5) Write short notes on: Working and applications of Directional couplers.
OR
5) Describe properties of S-parameters. Explain working of two-hole directional coupler and derive its
S-Matrix.

6) Explain working of TRAPATT diode. Write its limitations and applications.

OR
6) Explain structure and working of TRAPATT diode with necessary waveforms and derivations.
7) Explain working of PIN diode with necessary circuit and waveforms. Discuss applications of it.
8) What are the problems associated to conventional tubes at microwave frequencies. Explain working
of TWT with necessary diagram and waveforms.
9) What is velocity modulation? Explain with diagram how velocity modulation is utilized in Klystron
amplifier?
10) Explain favorable and unfavorable electrons with respect to Magnetron. Explain the performance of
magnetron and list important applications.
11) Explain in detail E-plane Tee. With S-matrix prove that the Tee junction cannot be matched to all the
three arms simultaneously.
12) Explain with diagram waveguide band, corners and twist with their applications.
13) Explain working principles of Tunnel Diodes with Energy-band Diagrams.

14) Explain the basic principle of Parametric amplifier. Explain degenerate and non degenerate mode.
What are its applications?
15) Explain magic tee as an isolating device and as an adjustable phase shifter.

UNIT 6
1) Explain Calory meter method of measuring Medium and High microwave power.

UNIT 7

UNIT 8
1) What is the working principle of Radar? Draw and explain block diagram of Pulse radar. Discuss
applications of Radar.
2) Derive the equations to determine the maximum range of radar and discuss the factors influencing
maximum range of radar.
3) Draw and explain block diagram of MTI radar.
OR
3) What is the working principle of Radar? Draw and explain block diagram of MTI radar.
OR
3) What do you mean by Doppler effect? Explain operation of MTI radar
4) Write short notes on: Working of CW Doppler radar.
5) Draw block diagram of pulsed radar and derive the equation to determine the maximum range of
radar.
6) Explain different display methods of RADAR.