5th Int. Conf. on Advances in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation Eng. (EMIE 2016), pp.

349-356, Cochin, India

Placement of Synchronized Measurements in Power

Networks for Redundant Observability
Satyendra Pratap Singh* and S. P. Singh**
Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, 221005, India
*spsingh.rs.eee@iitbhu.ac.in, **spsingh.eee@iitbhu.ac.in

Abstract: The rapid expansion of bulk power grids need full monitoring, operation, protection and control. To tackle these
challenges, Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) provides the real time monitoring which improves the reliability of power
system and prevent blackouts. Due to higher cost of installation, PMU cannot install at every power system buses. Proposed
algorithm has been applied to the IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 30-bus, IEEE 118-bus and Indian Northern Regional Power Grid
(NRPG) 246-bus test systems for normal and contingencies conditions both. The effectiveness of proposed methodology
reveals optimal number of PMUs with redundant observability by proposed method.
Keywords: Phasor Measurement Unit, Law of Gravity, Observability (Obs.), Optimal Placement

Case Study
Table 2. Optimal Location of PMUs for Test Systems
System
Minimum no. of
configuration
PMUs
4
2, 6, 7, 9
IEEE 14-bus
IEEE 30-bus

10

IEEE 118-bus

32

NRPG 246-bus

70

CPU
Time (s)
0.60

Optimal PMU Locations

2, 4, 6, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 27

0.76

3, 5, 9, 11, 12, 17, 21, 25, 28, 34, 37, 41, 45, 49, 52, 56, 62, 63, 68, 70,
71, 76, 79, 85, 86, 89, 92, 96, 100, 105, 110, 114
6,21,23,24,29,34,40,45,48,54,55,57,60,61,62,63,65,69,73,74,75,78,80,
88,93,95,98,100,101,102,103,106,109,116,117,121,122,125,126,129,1
32,134,140,141,142,147,157,158,160,163,168,173,181,183,185,187,19
0,191,194,199,201,202,203,215,216,219,234,235,243,245

Table 3. Comparison of Obtained Results by Several Methods

Test System

IEEE 14-Bus

IEEE 30-Bus

IEEE 118-Bus

NRPG 246-Bus

4
4
4

10
10
10

32
NA
32

70
NA
NA

10

--

NA

10

32

NA

Proposed method
Generalized ILP [8]
Ref. [11]
Binary Search
Algorithm [17]
WLS [23]

Table 4. Comparison of obtained results on the basis of each

bus observability for IEEE 30-bus
Observability (Obs.) of each Total
bus
observability
Proposed 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 1 3 4 1 3 1 2 2 1
52
11121111212211
method
Ref. [11]
Ref. [17]
Ref. [23]

1314151133131221
12121111212211
2313141133121221
12121111212211
1111131121111131
11111111111111

52
50
35

6.32

15.3

2 Advances in Engineering and Technology

Table 5. OPP in case of single PMU outage or single branch outage case with comparison
IEEE 14-Bus
IEEE 30-Bus
IEEE 118-Bus
NRPG 246-bus
Test System
No. of Total No. of Total No. of Total No. of
Total
PMUs Obs. PMUs Obs. PMUs Obs.
PMUs
Obs.
Proposed method

39

21

85

68

305

153

614

Ref. [6]

34

22

85

72

316

NA

NA

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