INTRODUCTION
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS
ENERGY PRODUCTION MECHANISM
FUEL CONSIDERATIONS
MAIN FUELS
ADVANTAGES
DRAWBACKS
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION
Pediain.com
INTRODUCTION
With the advancement in Technology, there exist a great need for small,
released during decay of natural radio active element into electrical energy.
A long-term energy source with life-span measured in decades & 200 times
conversion tech. MEMS lab is using adv. Tech. for the fabrication of NAG
devices.
Pediain.com
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS
Nuclear Battery was introduced in the beginning of 1950 and was patented
alpha & beta particles inherent in nuclear material was the key to Nuclear
battery.
The amount of power generated from the electric charges & the kinetic
energy produced by successive collision of alpha & beta particles has been
very small.
Brown invented an approach to organize these magnetic fields so that the
Pediain.com
current.
Uses a Si wafer to capture electrons emitted by radioactive material & is coated
hole pairs which in turn flow in an electric circuit due to the VOLTAIC
EFFECT.
Pediain.com
Pediain.com
Pediain.com
radioisotope .
The Electrostatic force between radioisotope & the cantilever attracts the
Pediain.com
Pediain.com
FUEL CONSIDERATIONS
Major criteria considered in the selection of fuels are:
Half-Life
Period of time it takes for the amount of substance undergoing decay to
decrease by half..
Particle Range
Charged particle ionize & lose energy in many steps until energy is
almost zero, the distance to this point I called Range of Particle.
Pediain.com
MAIN FUELS
Nickel-63 (Ni-63)
Strontium-90 (Sr-90)
Promitium-147 (Pm-147)
Uranium-238 (U-238)
Tin-121 (Sn-121)
Uranium-235 (U-235)
Tantalum-180m
Pediain.com
Pediain.com
Pediain.com
ADVANTAGES
Fuel Source:
Radioactive isotopes which are being produced as a part of radioactive
waste are used as fuel. Can withstand more than 400 yrs. No meltdowns, no
danger of explosions & other catastrophic incidents.
Oil Dependency:
A large percent of foreign dependence could be eliminated if use device
such as NAG more widely, which in turn will decrease the price of oil &
gas.
Safety:
NAG needs no large scale containment or special shielding. No ext.
emissions & produces no contaminated steam that can leak. No nuclear
waste. Also Radioisotopes that power NAG do not need to be cooled. 1 Gm
of Sr-90 can produce 10,000 watts of power & heat.
Pediain.com
Adaptability:
NAG is Adaptable to widely differing applications, both in civilian & military.
Able to handle tasks for large metropolitan & rural areas alike. Tanks fitted with
NAG could run for years without any interruption. Civilian needs include disaster
relief activities.
Cost/Efficiency:
Cost of fuel is considerably less as the radioactive isotopes are present
abundantly.
Power Output:
NAG Technology could produce power 30-50 times more than conventional
nuclear technology.
Radiological Damage:
It is very safe. Device is self contained with little or no X-rays. Beta particles are
never emitted outside the casing of device. Special shielding is added for the
Gamma rays.
DRAWBACKS
The initial cost of production is very high. Price will drop as product goes
operational.
For certain specific applications, size of nuclear battery may cause problem.
The existing laws may come as a blow for usage & disposal of radioactive
materials.
Nuclear energy began to lose its status following a series of major accidents
Pediain.com
APPLICATIONS
Space Applications:
when satellite pass through radiation belts such as Van-Allen belts
around the earth there is chance for the destruction of solar cells. Operations
on moon & mars require heavy batteries where long periods of darkness . In
opaque atmosphere such as venus lack of light.
Medical Applications:
Due to increased longevity n better reliability it is used in medical
devices such as pacemakers, implanted defibrillators etc. In cardiac
pacemakers.
Mobile Devices:
Xcell-N nuclear powered laptop battery that provide 7-8 thousand
times the life of a normal battery. Xcell is in continous work for the last 8
months and has not been turned off.
Pediain.com
Automobiles:
Initial stages of development. Hopefully soon the conventional fuels
will be replaced from the automobiles by Nuclear battery. Fox Valley
Electric Auto Association already conducted seminars on its scope.
Military Applications:
CONCLUSION
As the Technology grows need for power also
grows. Also we dont have much abundant fuels present in the
earths crust to meet this need. Thus the use of power as heat &
electricity from the radioisotopes can be used to meet this need
which has high longevity.
Pediain.com
REFERENCE
Power from Radioisotopes USAEC, Division of Technical
Information.
Nuclear and Radiochemistry , Gerhart Friedlandler, Joseph
.W. Kennedy.
The Half-life of a Nuclear Battery , Philip. H. Talbert.
Particles and Nuclei, An Introduction to the Physical
Concepts , B. Povh, K. Rith, C. Scholz and F. Zetche.
Pediain.com
THANK YOU