Cebu City
Physics Department
Sanchez, Hyacinth T.
Experiment no. 3
Sketch:
T (sec)
Ti
( Tf
(
Q (cal)
C )
C )
E (Joules)
J (J/cal)
1.63
1.64
120
240
29.3
29.3
30.1
30.9
130
261
587
1181
4.50
4.53
1.65
1.65
1.64
Table 1
360
480
600
29.3
29.3
29.3
31.7
32.4
33.0
391
505
603
1782
2376
2952
4.55
4.70
4.89
V (volts)
3 volts
Jave = 4.63
%E=
J ( ave ) J ( std )
x 100
J ( std)
= 10.6%
Part II
Ti
( Tf
(
Q (cal)
C )
C )
E (Joules)
J (J/cal)
1.68
30.6
32.3
298
1512
5.64
3.5
1.93
34.6
358
1764
3.93
2.15
37.6
463
2016
4.35
4.5
2.35
32.3
300 sec
34.6
(5 mins)
37.6
41.0
523
2268
4.34
2.62
41.0
44.3
508
2520
4.96
V (volts)
I (amp)
T (sec)
Table 2
Jave = 4.84
%E=
J ( ave ) J ( std )
x 100
J ( std)
= 16%
Data Analysis:
From the given data, we can infer the effect of current to temperature. Voltage (in
volts) was kept constant throughout the five trials in the first part of the experiment,
while in the second part, time (in seconds) was kept constant. Electrical energy
consumed (in Joules) was measured with the use of the formula E=VIT wherein V
refers to volts, I refers to amperes, and T refers to seconds. As for the amount of heat in
calories, the formula Q= mw cw tw + mc cc tc was used. The given formula defines that
computed amount of heat is equal to the sum of the heat absorbed by the water and the
calorimeter. Joules constant can then be calculated, provided data of E and Q. The
formula J=E / Q was used.
Questions:
1. What error would be introduced into the value of J in failing to take into
account the heat absorbed by the stirrer?
If one fails to recognize the purpose of the stirrer (which is to evenly
spread the heat throughout the calorimeter), there is a great possibility for an
error to occur in getting the value of J. Q, or the amount of heat consumed,
might have a different value if the heat was not spread thoroughly upon the
recording of data, causing a different value of the Joules constant.
2. A piece of nichrome wire is embedded into a 1-kg block of ice at -10 C . A
current of 3.0 amperes and a voltage of 12 volts is maintained in the wire.
How long will it take to separate the wire from the ice?
Heat reqd 00C ice 00C H2O
sec
H1 = mLv
= (1000)(334)
=334 000 J
Heat reqd 00C H2O 100C H2O
H1 = mct
= (1000kg)(4.18J / kg C)(1
0
00
C)
=41 800 J
electro heating = 3 x 12 = 36 J/ C
0
T = (375800J/sec) = 10438.89
(36 sec)
sec min hour
10438.89 sec=178.98 min = 2.90 hr
Conclusion:
Heat is energy that is in a process of transfer between a system and its surroundings. It
may be transferred into another form of energy. Example could be heat that is converted
into electrical energy.
As electrical energy increases, heat energy produced also increases.
COMPUTATIONS:
Part I.
Q= t (mw cw+ mc cc)
E=VIT
= 586.8
E= (3.00)(1.63)(240)
= 1180.8
E= (3.00)(1.63)(360)
= 1782
E= (3.00)(1.63)(430)
= 2376
J=E/Q
E= (3.00)(1.63)(120)
E= (3.00)(1.63)(600)
= 2952
J= 586.8 / 130.43336
5.00
= 4.498849067
= 4. 634752295 or 4.63
J= 1180.8 / 260.86672
= 4.5266449362
10.61461277%
J= 1782 / 391.30008
= 4.55404967
J= 2376 / 505.42927
= 4.700954498
J= 2952 / 603.25429
%E=
4. 6347522954.19 x 100
4.19
= 4.893958777
Part 2
Q= t (mw cw+ mc cc)
E=VIT
For 3 volts
Q= (32.3 30.6)[(150 x 1.00) + (60.1 x 0.217)]
E= (3.00)(1.68)(300)
= 298
= 1512
E= (3.50)(1.93)(300)
= 358
= 1764
E= (4.00)(2.15)(300)
= 463
= 2016
E= (4.50)(1.63)(300)
= 523
= 2268
For 5 volts
Q= (44.3-41.0)[(150 x 1.00) + (60.1 x 0.217)]
E= (5.00)(1.63)(300)
= 508
J=E/Q
= 2520
5.00
= 5.640913335
= 4. 844
%E=
4. 8444.19 x 100
4.19
= 4.353819537
J(4.5 volts) = 2268 / 523
= 4.736174343
J(5.00 volts) = 2520 / 508
= 4.960222753