Abstract. As a new branch of philosophy, the neutrosophy was presented by Smarandache in 1980. It was
presented as the study of origin, nature, and scope of neutralities; as well as their interactions with different
ideational spectra. The aim in this paper is to introduce
Keywords: Fuzzy Sets, Neutrosophic Sets, Smooth Neutrosophic Topology, Smooth Neutrosophic Cotopology, Smooth Neutrosophic Closure, Smooth Neutrosophic Interior.
1 Introduction
In 1986, Badard [1] introduced the concept of a smooth
topological space as a generalization of the
classical topological spaces as well as the Chang fuzzy
topology [2]. The smooth topological space was
rediscovered by Ramadan [3], and El-Gayyar et al. [4]. In
[5], the authors introduced the notions of smooth
interior and smooth closure. In 1983 the intuitionistic
fuzzy set was introduced by Atanassov [[6], [7], [8]], as
a generalization of fuzzy sets in Zadehs sense [9], where
besides the degree of membership of each element
there was considered a degree of non-membership.
Smarandache [[10], [11], [12]], defined the notion of
neutrosophic set, which is a generalization of Zadehs
fuzzy sets and Atanassovs intuitionistic fuzzy set. The
words neutrosophy and neutrosophic were invented by
F. Smarandache in his 1998 book. Etymologically,
neutro-sophy (noun) [French neutre < Latin neuter,
neutral, and Greek sophia, skill/wisdom] means knowledge
of neutral thought.
While neutrosophic (adjective), means having the nature
of, or having the characteristic of Neutrosophy.
Neutrosophic sets have been investigated by Salama et
al. [[13], [14], [15]]. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concepts of smooth neutrosophic topological
space, smooth neutrosophic cotopological space, smooth
neutrosophic closure, and smooth neutrosophic interior.
We also investigate some of their properties.
2 PRELIMINARIES
In this section we use X to denote a nonempty set, I to
denote the closed unit interval [0 , 1] , I o to denote the
M. K. EL Gayyar , Smooth Neutrosophic Topological Spaces
A x, TA ( x ), IA ( x ), FA ( x ) , x X
where T, I, F: X [0 , 1] , and
TypeI : 0 N x,0,0,1 , x X
TypeII : 0 N x,0,1,1 , x X
TypeI : 1N x,1,1,0 , x X
TypeII : 1N x,1,0,0 , x X
66
TypeI
: A B TA ( x ) TB ( x ),
I A ( x ) I B ( x ), FA ( x ) FB ( x ) , x X
TypeII
: A B TA ( x ) TB ( x ),
I A ( x ) I B ( x ), FA ( x ) FB ( x ) , x X
TypeI
TypeII
TypeI
TypeII
iJ
i j
iJ
iJ
i j
i j
i j
i j
iJ
i j
i j
i j
i j
i j
i j
i j
TypeI
B defined as A \ B A coB .
: coA x, FA ( x ),1 IA ( x ), TA ( x )
TypeI :
A B x, max( TA ( x ), TB ( x )),
max( IA ( x ), IB ( x )), min( FA ( x ), FB ( x ))
TypeII :
A B x, max( TA ( x ), TB ( x )),
A B x, min( TA ( x ), TB ( x )),
min( IA ( x ), IB ( x )), max( FA ( x ), FB ( x ))
TypeII :
B( x )
BX
0.5
A B x, min( TA ( x ), TB ( x )),
max( IA ( x ), IB ( x )), max( FA ( x ), FB ( x ))
[ ] A x, TA ( x ), IA ( x ),1 TA ( x )
A x,1 FA ( x ), IA ( x ), FA ( x )
2.6Definition [13], [14], [15]
Let {Ai }, i J be an arbitrary family of neutrosophic
sets, then:
if x A
if X Y
2.10Definition [1],[3]
A smooth topological space (STS, for short) is an ordered
X
pair ( X , ) where X is a nonempty set and : I I is a
(O1)
(0 ) (1) 1
(O2)
(O3)
Ai , i J, ( Ai ) (Ai )
iJ
iJ
2.11Definition [1],[3]
A smooth cotopology is defined as a mapping : I
which satisfies:
67
(C1) (0 ) (1) 1
(C2) B1, B2 I X , (B1 B2 ) (B1) (B2 )
(C3) Ai , i J, ( Bi ) (Bi )
iJ
T (0 ) I (0 ) T (1) I (1) 1 ,
(SNCI 1 )
and F (0 ) F (1) 0
(SNCI 2 ) B1, B2 I X ,
iJ
T (B1 B2 ) T (B1 ) T ( B2 ) ,
F (B1 B2 ) F (B1 ) F ( B2 )
iJ
( Bi ) ( Bi ) , and
iJ
iJ
( Bi ) F (Bi )
iJ
iJ
3.1.1Definition
3.1.3Example
(SNOI1 )
T (0 ) I (0 ) T (1) I (1) 1 ,
F
and (0 ) (1) 0
(SNOI 2 ) A1, A 2 I X ,
I (A1 A 2 ) I (A1 ) I (A 2 ) , and
F ( A1 A 2 ) F ( A1 ) F (A 2 )
(SNOI 3 ) Ai I X , i J, T ( Ai ) T ( Ai ) ,
iJ
iJ
( Ai ) (Ai ) , and
iJ
iJ
( Ai ) F (Ai )
iJ
T , I , F : IX I as:
if A 0
1
(A ) 1
if A 1
min( A(a ), A(b)) if A is neither 0 nor 1
if A 0
1
I
( A ) 1
if A 1
0.5 if A is neither 0 nor 1
if A 0
0
F
(A ) 0
if A 1
max( A(a ), A( b)) if A is neither 0 nor 1
T (A1 A 2 ) T (A1 ) T (A 2 ) ,
iJ
3.1.2Definition
Let T , I , F : I X I be mappings satisfying the
following axioms:
68
F F (A)
F
T
(coA), T (A)
T (coA),
iJ
(1) ( T T
Proof
I I , F F ) and
( TT , I I , FF ) are a smooth
(2) T T T , I
3.1.6Definition
I I
I , F F F ,
TT T , I I I , FF F ,
Proof
(1) (a) T T (0 ) T T (1) I I (0 ) I T (1) 1 , and
F F (0 ) F F (1) 0
(b) A1, A 2 I X , T T ( A1 A 2 )
A
, (TT (A), I I (A), FF (A)) (1,1,0)
X
T
T
{H : H I , A H, T (H) T (A),
A
I I (H) I I (A), FF (H) FF (A)} ,
T
I
F
3.1.7Proposition
,similarly, A1, A2 I ,
F F (A1 A 2 ) F F (A1) F F (A 2 )
and A, B I X . Then
(c) A i I
, i J , T T ( A i )
iJ
T (co Ai )
iJ
T ( coAi ) T (coAi ) T T ( A i )
iJ
iJ
iJ
,similarly, Ai IX , i J,
I I ( Ai ) I I ( A i ) ,and
iJ
iJ
F F ( Ai ) F F (Ai ) .Hence, ( T T , I I , F F )
iJ
iJ
is a smooth neutrosophic topology.Similarly, we can prove
that ( TT , I I , FF ) is a smooth neutrosophic
cotopology.
(2) the proof is straightforward.
3.1.5Proposition
M. K. EL Gayyar , Smooth Neutrosophic Topological Spaces
(1) 0 0 , 1 1
(2) A A
(3) TT (A) TT (A), I I (A) I I (A) , and
FF (A) FF (A)} , A I X
T
T
I
I
(4) B A, T (A) T (B), I ( A) I ( B)
69
(5) A A
(6) A B A B
(c) if B B , and A A
From definition (3.1.6) every element in the family A will
Proof
(1) Obvious
(2) Directly from definition (3.1.6)
(3) (a) if A A , the proof is straightforward .
(b) if A A , we have from the definition (3.1.2) and
A A.
(6) (a) if A A , and B B , then
the
definition (3.1.6):
TT (A) TT ({H : H I X , A H,
T
T
T (H) T (A), I I (H) I I (A),
F
F
T
F (H) F (A)}) { T (H) : H I X , A H, we
T
T
I
T (H) T (A), I (H) I I (A),
F
F
T
F (H) F (A)} T (A)
FF (A) FF ({H : H I X , A H,
T
T (H) TT (A), I I (H) I I (A),
F
F
F
F (H) F (A)}) { F (H) : H I X , A H,
T
T
I
T (H) T (A), I (H) I I (A),
F
F
F
F (H) F (A)} F (A)
ABABABAB
(b) if A A , B B , and A B A B ,
from (4) B A B , hence A B A B
(c) if A A , B B , and A B A B ,
then A A B , hence A B A B
(d) if A A , B B , and A B A B ,
similar to(6b)
(e) if A A , B B , and A B A B ,
similar to(6c)
(f) if A A , B B ,and A B A B , it follows
from(4)that A A B , hence A B A B .
B {H : H I X , B H, TT (H) TT (B),
I I (H)
I
F
F
I (B), F (H) F (B)} ,
(g) if A A , B B ,and A B A B
70
A B {H : H I X , A B H,
TT (H) TT (A B), I I (H) I I (A B),
F
F (H)
F
F (A B)}
{H : H I , A B H, TT (H)
T
T
I
I
T (A) T (B), I (H) I (A) I I (B) ,
F
F
F
F (H) F (A) F (B)}
X
{H : H I , A H, B H, TT (H) TT (A)
T
T
I
I
or T (H) T (B), I (H) I (A) or
I
I
F
F
I (H) I (B) , F (H) F (A) or
F
F
F (H) F (B)}
[ {H : H I X , A H, TT (H) TT (A),
I
I
F
F
I (H) I (A) , F (H) F (A)}
X
T
{H : H I , B H, T (H) TT (B),
I
I
F
F
I (H) I (B) , F (H) F (B)} ]
X
T
[ {H : H I , A H, T (H) TT (A),
I
I
F
F
I (H) I (A) , F (H) F (A)} ]
X
T
[ {H : H I , B H, T (H) TT (B),
A B
3.1.8Definition
Let (T , I , F ) be a smooth neutrosophic topology of
type I, and A I X . Then the smooth neutrosophic interior
of A , denoted by Ao is defined by:
A
, (T (A), I (A), F (A)) (1,1,0)
X
T
T
o {H : H I , H A, ( H ) ( A ),
A
I (H) I (A), F (H) F (A)} ,
F (Ao ) F (A)} , A IX
(4) B A, T (B) T (A), I (B) I (A)
and F (B) F (A) Bo Ao , A, B IX
(5) (Ao )o Ao
(6) (A B)o Ao Bo
Proof
Similar to the procedure used to prove Proposition (3.1.7)
3.2. Smooth Neutrosophic Topological spaces of
type II
In this part we will consider the definitions of typeII. In a
similar way as in typeI, we can state the following
definitions and propositions. The proofs of the propositions
of typeII, will be similar to the proofs of the propositions
in typeI.
71
3.2.1Definition
A smooth neutrosophic topology (T , I , F ) of typeII
satisfying the following axioms:
(SNOII 1 )
T (0 ) T (1) 1 , and
I (0 ) I (1) F (0 ) F (1) 0
(SNOII 2 ) A1, A 2 I X ,
T (A1 A 2 ) T (A1 ) T (A 2 ) ,
I ( A1 A 2 ) I (A1 ) I ( A 2 ) , and
F ( A1 A 2 ) F (A1) F (A 2 )
(SNOII 3 ) Ai I X , i J, T ( Ai ) T (Ai ) ,
iJ
iJ
I ( Ai ) I ( Ai ) , and
iJ
iJ
( Ai ) F (Ai )
iJ
Let , , : I
following axioms:
(SNCII 1 )
I (0 ) I (1) F (0 ) F (1) 0
(SNCII 2 ) B1, B2 I X ,
T (B1 B2 ) T (B1 ) T ( B2 ) ,
I (B1 B2 ) I ( B1) I (B2 ) , and
F (B1 B2 ) F (B1 ) F (B2 )
(SNCII 3 ) Bi I X , i J, T ( Bi ) T (Bi ),
iJ
I ( Bi ) I (Bi ) , and
iJ
iJ
( Bi ) F (Bi )
iJ
space on X .
Note that: the Propositions (3.1.4) and (3.1.5) are satisfied
for typeII.
T (0 ) T (1) 1 , and
iJ
3.2.4Definition
iJ
3.2.2Definition
T
if A 0
1
(A ) 1
if A 1
min( A(a ), A( b)) if A is neither 0 nor 1
if A 0
0
I
( A ) 0
if A 1
0.5 if A is neither 0 nor 1
if A 0
0
F
(A ) 0
if A 1
max( A(a ), A( b)) if A is neither 0 nor 1
iJ
T , I , F : IX I as:
M. K. EL Gayyar , Smooth Neutrosophic Topological Spaces
A
, (TT (A), I I (A), FF (A)) (1,1,0)
X
T
{H : H I , A H, T (H) TT (A),
A
I
I
F
F
I (H) I (A), F (H) F (A)} ,
T
I
F
Ao is defined by:
A
, (T (A), I (A), F (A)) (1,1,0)
X
T
T
o {H : H I , H A, ( H ) ( A),
A
I (H) I (A), F (H) F (A)} ,
72
Acknowledgement