Header

ZERO WASTE WATER EDIFICE: A
Building that promote nature

sensitivity as its natural built in
environment.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Millions of gallons is wasted every year due huge percentage of this is coming from the
waste (grey water, waste water) produce by the urban areas and partly for the rural areas.
According to the United Nation By 2025, an estimated 1.8 billion people will live in areas
plagued by water scarcity, with two-thirds of the world's population living in water-stressed
regions as a result of use, growth, and climate change.. In the Philippines 2.2 metric tons of
organic waste (water) which causes harmful diseases for over five years and 58 percent of body
of water in the country which is ground water is detected that is not potable or with bacteria and
needs to be treated only 36 percent of the body water is potable in the country which are the
rivers (this only pertains to the healthy river across the nation).
1.1.Background of Alabang, Muntinlupa City
Alabang is a barangay in Muntinlupa City, it started from a humble beginning from being a
farming district to a village until it became a commercial district. The development on
Barangay Alabang became to boom during the early 1990s, the development of large scale
commercial real estate projects; the Filinvest City, changed the landscape of the Alabang
Alabang from what was once vast fields of cow pasture in the late 1980s, into a district that
houses new residential, business, industrial and commercial establishments. Some of the
country's premier business district, Filinvest City's Spectrum Business District, The
Northgate Cyberzone which specializes in hosting information and technology industries,
the towering Insular Life Towers, the Asean Star Building home to Flour Daniel and other big
companies, the Asian Hospital and Medical Center, Vivere Regency Suite At Richvile Hotel,
Crimson Suites, Acacia Hotel, and The Bellevue Manila Hotel, are important places of
interest and landmarks of the district.
1.2.Background of High Rise Building in the Philippines

Philippines is a country that is calamity prone due to its geographical influences, the
country is situated along the Pacific Ocean where majority of active volcano can be found
and typhoons are made. The main fault runs most of the length of the Philippines and is
called the Philippine Fault (see Gallery). It extends from Davao Gulf in the south,

environment.
bisects CARAGA region at the Agusan River basin, crosses to Leyte and Masbate islands,
and traverses Quezon province in eastern Luzon before passing through Nueva Ecija up to
the Ilocos region in northwest Luzon. Here, the fault has become braided and is no longer
single. Thus arises the consideration of some developer of high rise building on erecting a
structure away from the fault line. Since the growth of the Philippines population became
more uncontrollable the demand on land
1.3.Background of BPO (Business Process Outsource) in the Philippines
Since the computer and internet is invented the world is now on the people hands,
opportunities take place in different part of the world jobs and development became
abundant by the aid of these inventions. Philippines is one of those country that benefits
this, BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) is one of the opportunities that landed in the
country. The business process outsourcing industry in the Philippines has grown 46%
annually since 2006. In its 2013 top 100 ranking of global outsourcing destinations, Tholons,
a US-based strategic advisory firm for global outsourcing and investments, has ranked the
Philippine capital Manila number 3, lifting it 1 notch to knock off Indias New Delhi from
number 3 spot in 2012 to number 4 in 2013. In 2012, IT-BPO in the Philippines generated
more than $13 billion in revenues, an increase of $2 billion from the $11 billion in 2011.
The Business Processing Association of the Philippines (BPAP) now projects that revenues
of the IT-BPO industry will hit $16 billion in 2013 and have 926,000 full-time employees. The
majority of the BPO facilities are located in "first-tier" cities in Metro Manila and Metro Cebu.
Second- and third-tier sites are located in regional economic zones such as Bacolod
City, Baguio City, Cagayan de Oro, Clark (Angeles City), Dagupan City, Davao
City, Tacloban City, Dumaguete City, Lipa City, Iloilo City, Legazpi City, Iligan City,Olongapo
City and Urdaneta City. BPO comprises sector such as call center, legal and medical
transcription, software development and animation and lastly finance, logistic and
accounting, since Filipinos are fluent in speaking in English they are well program for this
kind of industry base on the USA surveys. The call center sector comprises 80% of the total
BPO industry in the country. With 80% of the call services provided for the US market. In
2003 there were only 9 companies registered doing medical transcription in the Philippines.
In 2008 there were 43 companies registered. The Philippines is becoming a regional and
global hub for shared services center corporate backroom operations, especially for

environment.
financial services such as accounting and bookkeeping, account maintenance, accounts
receivable collection, accounts payable administration, payroll processing, asset
management, financial analysis and auditing, management consulting, inventory control and
purchasing, expense and revenue reporting, financial reporting, tax reporting, and other
finance-related services such as financial leasing, credit card administration, factoring and
stock brokering; as well as for logistics management, and cargo shipment management.
Fueling the recent growth spurt in the outsourcing industry in the Philippines are more
higher-end outsourcing services such as Web design, software development, and animation
(Shameen 2006).
1.4.Statement of the Problem
Its been a common problem in most of the city the continuing inflating growth of the
population resulting to the greater demand on jobs, opportunities, business and
investment. Add the fact that the constant expanding of population growth requires more
spaces and structures that will accommodate their daily activities like dwelling,
socializing, buying and trading and the like activities and these require for more space
land.
Based on the latest statistics, that due to continue modernization of the metropolitan and
also the development of the rural areas it greatly affect the water bodies of the country
and also the whole world. Since the areas that contribute to this issues are the
metropolitan areas it arises to create structures that gives solution to this. To design an
edifice that doesnt emits water waste and utilizes and treat it, so it can used for watering
vegetation and flushing toilets a vertical development that is amphibious that can adapt
to the continue change of the natural environment of the society.
1.4.1. Sub Problems
What kind of office should be allocated to the development that may serve
the majority of the society the kind of Business Process Outsourcing should
be used.
What kind of recreational facilities that should be integrated to the vertical
development that set discrepancy to the other development either the
technologies it use or the design strategies that was incorporated to the
structure.

environment.
What concepts should be used to support the objectives on formulating the

configuration and the matrix of the structure that may help the totality of the
project.
Aspect to be considered in the design process either physical, physiological
and social issues on the behaviour of user itself.
1.5. Significance of the Study
To the society
The development will be the main edifice of the country in the kind of feature
that it will showcase to the society. The proposed design will address the
rising issue not just by the country but also by world to conserve water and
not waste water. The development will showcase its key feature and will cater
luxury, comfort and warmth, social, sensitivity to the environment and
entertainment all in one structure.
To the users
The proposed design solution will showcase that a vertical development that
is highly conducive for people to leave in and can freely to move. A center for
leisure, entertainment, leaning, social activities and comfort that a community
need to have a healthy and progressive community.
To Architecture
The development aims to achieve a sensitivity to the environment,

sustainability and modern urban ambient. Since it is the first kind of
development in this country, in the future it will serve as reference for
upcoming development in this kind and it helps Filipino to recognize the he/
she is ready for the global competition.
1.6.Goals and Objectives of the Study

Goal of the Study

environment.
The proposed design for the vertical development aims to create an edifice
that will embody healthy and sensitive community for a Filipino
neighbourhood that is situated in an urban area. A logical progression of
development from initial phases to a mature state reflecting the envisioned
mixed use development form.
Objectives of the Study
To design a Mixes-use High rise Building that will embody sensitivity on the
current condition of the environment and will serve its purpose to uplift the
economic growth, to conserve the consumption of water that may lead to
center of sustainability in Alabang, Muntinlupa City and also to the country.

To plan a development that utilizes smart urbanism, sustainable approach
and apply green strategies that will help creating the healthy vertical
community that lessen it disturbance to the environment.

To design an edifice that will serve as an epitome and epoch of the
community, breaking the stereotype perception of the society and enriching
the vertical community development.
1.7. Scopes and Delimitations of the Study

Scopes of the Study
The study will mainly focus on creating, designing and giving solution to the raised
problem for the need of a mixed used development high rise building. The structure will
feature the a learning area, residential area, BPO (Business Process Outsourcing),
commercial space, breathing space and water consumption facilities where this facilities
may help to uplift the current condition of the development.
Delimitation of the Study
The research delimit its study from designing and giving a solution to a mixed use
H=high rise building that will be located in the vicinity of Alabang, Muntinlupa City. The study
also delimit itself from organization functioning inside the development such as the
marketing, production process and advertising and also on the process of the realization of

environment.
the project such as the financing and cost and estimate of the proposal. Lastly it delimit itself
from structural conceptualization and mechanical system that may greatly affect the
consideration of placing and using of and elevator and the technologies that will be used on
the water consumption and recycling of water within the proposed structure.
The research will also discuss the effect of the said design to the society, especially the
water consumption area. Also the integration of the new found technology such (pertains to
the mechanical system that creates water from air) to the mixed used high rise building.
1.8.Justification of the Study
With high-rise buildings, humans are able to explore more the potentials of vertically
expanded structures. High-rise buildings observably provide more robustness than the lower
ones and therell still have a nice balance between the percentages of the purposes of the
establishments; the building will be able to provide an efficient diversified environmentas a
mixed-purpose developmentfor its users. And with the research and development of more
building technologies that can more resourcefully support higher structures, the
maximization of their potentials is boundless. Like low-rise and medium-rise buildings, highrise buildings also maximize the allocated site for a development through vertical expansion,
only better because they have greater total gross area thus they can accommodate a lot
more establishments the other two lower buildings.
When it comes to residential development, it is found that medium-rise buildings are

ideal as they resolve not only the lack of habitat for the growing population but also the fast
declining availability of vacant area in our country especially in Metro Manila. However, if
turn into a mixed-use development, while it is still possible for it to accommodate a variety of
establishments and provide its users different services, therell be no balance between the
percentages of the area provided for residential, for office, and for commercial; if the
demand for commercial establishments increase, therell be a need to decrease the space
for residential or office and the other way around, since the number of storey for mediumrise buildings is limited or else itll not be medium-rise anymore. Thats where high-rise
buildings enter.
The continues exasperation of water in the country,

environment.
Just over a third or 36 percent of the countrys river systems are classified as sources of
public water supply:
Up to 58 percent of groundwater sampled is contaminated with coliform and needs

treatment;
Approximately 31 percent of illness monitored for a five-year period were caused by

water-borne sources; and
Many areas are experiencing a shortage of water supply during the dry season.
These are the number that comprises the bodies of water in the country potable and nonpotable use. This is one of the rising concerns for countries that is on stage of developing
such as the Philippines, to conserve water consumption. New technologies are invented that
aid this problem, integrating it to the development that covers majority human use. Water
pollution is dominated by domestic and industrial sources, this sectors greatly contributed on
the deterioration of the water bodies therefore injecting solutions on these area may affect
problem. A proposed facility that utilizes water as its own strength by reusing it and that
doesnt create a great amount of waste, this solution may lead the society into a world with
less water waste and pollutants.
1.9. Definition of Terms

1.9.1. Conceptual Definition
1. BPO ( Business Process Outsourcing)
o Is a subset of outsourcing that involves the contracting of the operations and
responsibilities of specific business functions (or processes) to a third-party
service provider.
2. High Rise Building
o This development consist of floor level ranging from 16- 60 floors.
3. Sustainability
Is the capacity to endure in ecology the word describes how biological systems
remain diverse and productive over time.
4. Mixed- Use Development

environment.
o This kind of development contain such commercial/ retail, residential, offices of
others that may help the variety experience of the users.
1.9.2. Operational Definition
1. Waste Water
Is any water that has been adversely affected in quality
by anthropogenic influence Municipal wastewater is usually
conveyed in a combined sewer or sanitary sewer, and treated at a
wastewater treatment plant.
2. Potable water
a liquid that is suitable for drinking.

3. Non Potable Water
Water that has not been examined, properly treated, and not
approved by appropriate authorities as being safe for
consumption.
4. Natural Environment
Encompasses all living and non-living things

occurring naturally on Earth or some region thereof. It is an
environment that encompasses the interaction of all living species.
5. Environment Friendly
are ambiguous terms used to refer to goods and services, laws,
guidelines and policies claimed to inflict reduced, minimal, or no
harm at all, upon ecosystems or the environment

environment.
CHAPTER 2: SYSTEM OF RESEARCH AND DATA
Research Design:
2.1. Aim
The aim of the research is to gather and validate basis for the design solution for a
mixed use high rise building which will be the uplift more the continuing development of the
Alabang thus the solution will showcase the sensitivity of the structure, green strategies,
sustainable architecture and water conservation.
2.2. Highlight
The main focus of the chapter is to elaborate and give thoroughly description on the
Research Methodology that will be used on gathering of the data that can help on forming a
concrete basis of the research. This will also show on the systematic process before arriving on
the design solution and translation.
Activity Path
2.1. Organization of Research Undertaking
The research process will be in systematic order which will help to thoroughly
understand the raw data that is being process even the last detail that can be necessary in the
decision making should not be left out.

environment.
Activity Identification
2.1. Program of Activities
2.1.1. Identification of the Problem
Design problem is the main focal point of the study this will lead in
branching out sub problems which should be clearly stated to help create a
fundamental in the research that will be undertaken. Such problems can be
attained or formed from articles or issues, books, and research and observation
of the present condition and mans need.
2.1.2. Identification of Sources of Information
The main source of information should be legit, credible and reliable, this
sources may give fresh and new techniques and new terminologies that will help
to put the project into a realistic perspective.
2.1.3 Data Gathering

Gathering information and data can be collected by mean of reading an
article from a newspaper, magazine, journals, books and internet others
information can be gathered in referring to the government agencies governing
the said area and the IRR, the guidelines f either country or the city itself.
Agencies
Government agencies that has a concerned whether local or
national, agencies that is concerned in the following sector
institutional, residential and offices and entertainment for the
user. The agency concerned in designing a green and
sustainable design such as DENR put other agency wala
napo akong maisp

City Hall of Muntinlupa

environment.
This Local Government Unit (LGU) can be a great source of
demographic profile of the city. Other information can be
gathered such as vicinity/location plan, socio-economic data,
climatological data and the land use and zoning map.
Libraries
One where can get a reliable reference that can be used.
The national library can be main source of books that
contains important information that can be utilize. The
thesis book that was made by the former student that can
be found on the PUPCEA library can serve as a source
and it will help to guide on further developing of the study.

Internet or Web
One of the common source of information today where you can
find other article that is not publish and can found useful, issues
that was raises and about the said development and past case
studies that can be help in improving the study.

Ocular Visit
This will help to put the development in more realistic view, where
you can see the present condition of the site that is not put on
record (this may pertain to the national surrounding of the site). If
a thorough study of the site in wind and light condition to be
utilized to achieve the comfort of the user.
2.1.4. Analysis
The gathered information and data will be systematically organize and sort out to be
analyse, to know the significant information can be carefully study. This will involve on analysis
the laws and guidelines and site analysis.
2.1.5. Synthesis

environment.
All gathered information is analytically sequence accordingly that every data will suits in
own purposed and be integrated to each that may help on giving the emphasis on creating a
proof and a basis of the research undertaking.
2.1.6. Subject Investigation
Reading other reference such as related to the subject or the studies that was already
been accomplished. This will serve as a reference to the present proposal whether the past and
present design solution is applicable and succeed this part will see also the either the
application of the solution has a flaws and then revised suite the present proposal.
2.1.7. Evaluation
Conclusion
After carefully interpreting and analysing the gathered data, making a

critical perception of the whole study and conclusion. Answering the
questions such on why did this problem arises, the importance of the
study and on how to achieve the different proponent inside the
proposal.
Recommendation
This will the part of the research it proves the significant of the study
as a Zero Water Waste Edifice as proposed design solution to the
rising concern of the 21st society. On how greatly affect the
environment on the consumption and conservation of water to the
country, the planning will houses and adequate space for leisure,
learning, comfort and social that may relay an all in one community
that will be built in a vertical manner.

environment.
CHAPTER 3 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1. David Ramslie and CSIS Research, 2006. Millennium Water: The Southeast False Creek
Olympic Village- Vancouver, Canada This paper aims to design Canadas first Net Zero multiunit residential building and the ambition of this study is to design a building that generates as
much as energy as it consumes on an annual basis and to build a Net zero building. Also,
Ramslie pinpointed that people associate the Net Zero concept with off-grid living. The pastoral
image of a carbon neutral building out on its own in a field like a spaceship is not what this
project is about and that its true that it takes a village.
The design team had to build a solid case if they were to be able to realize the Net Zero target.
They highlight one important word in their study which is resourcefulness. The team believes
that the more resourceful you are, the more success you will have in a project like this. By
examining the building in its specific context, the team looked for an appropriate strategy for
achieving Net Zero. As it happened, the perceived constraints of the project the buildings
dense urban context became the vehicle to reaching the annual energy balance. What we
learned from the process is that the success of this building was contingent upon the
relationships between it and its neighbours. The Net Zero aspiration would not have been
attainable without the ability to take advantage of connections to other buildings, says
Undurraga.
Moreover, this study features that the trading energy between buildings and integrating system
is the essential key to be able to meet and achieve the Net Zero goal.
2. Ikuyo Kikusawa; Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan, August 2010: Case
Study on Building Zero Energy Development Communities to Mainstream Sustainability. TZed Homes in India. This study accentuated the Building Zero Energy Development

environment.
Communities to Mainstream Sustainability T-Zed Homes in India was selected for the 2008
Ryutaro Hashimoto APFED Awards in recognition of its innovative energy efficient technology,
building design and community engagement. The analysis was undertaken based primarily on
the field research, interviews with relevant parties and literature review.
Furthermore, the study considers T-Zed elements. They have made various inventive attempts
that address issues on water, waste and energy, which are especially critical in a rapidly
developed city like Bangalore. Best fit facility and technology have been sought by trial and
error. As well, follow-ups to the customers before and after residing in the T-Zed building have
been provided upon their request. For instance, use of manure pit was proposed for grey water
treatment in an original plan. However, this method received strong opposition from potential
residents and was switched to electro-mechanical treatment. Similarly, a lot of experimentation
was done for street lighting design by setting different combinations of LED and CFL lights in the
campus and examining the efficiency. In their study, they use modern energy efficient
technology like:
Advanced Lighting Technology -Energy efficient street light has been installed
throughout the campus. These are LED based or LED, CFL hybrids and vary from 12-24
watts. Such different sets of lighting fixture can provide Ryutaro Hashimoto APFED
Award - Case Study on T-Zed homes in India-an experiential evidence of energy
consumption testing.
Energy Efficient Ventilation and Air Conditioning - Windows and doors are well
placed. Cross ventilation in most of the spaces give residents a feeling of openness and
fresh air.
Optimal Use of Renewable Energy: Water heating system - Solar water heating
systems have been installed on the roof top of each block. This hybrid system of solar
water heater (primary) and electrical heater has reduced a large portion of energy
consumption that used to supply for heating water.
Recycled Content Exterior Materials - Use of soil stabilised earth blocks in external
walls has also contributed to the reduction of energy consumption in controlling heat. As
compared to bricks and concrete blocks, soil stabilised blocks have low thermal
conductivity and, therefore, can keep the room temperature cool. The soil stabilized
blocks; laterite stone blocks used in walls have good thermal insulation properties and

environment.
are low embodied construction materials as compared to the conventional burnt bricks.
This does not require separate insulation in houses. In terms of the availability, however,
laterite stone blocks were procured from the local quarries while soil stabilised blocks
were partly brought from the neighbouring state as the amount of soil required was not
available at the site.
Community-led Waste Management - Source segregation of waste is practiced in the
campus. Different bins have been put to segregate the toxic, recyclables and organic
waste at source.
Micro Water Circulation System - There are two ways of controlling water supply and
demand. The first is to secure the amount of water sufficient to supply the residents, and
the second is to reduce the water demand itself. BCIL has more focused on the former
and introduced an innovative cyclical water supply system to provide quality water in the
city where water scarcity and deterioration have been very crucial. Also, technology that
helps limit the water use has been developed. However, the reduction of water use can
be further improved through the enhancement of resident participation in the campus.
The most distinctive feature of water management in T-Zed is the rain harvesting and
water recycling being practiced in the campus.
Educating Users - Efforts are made in developing efficient faucets that have been
provided for the flushing system. Each flushing requires 9 litre of water in comparison
with the 13 litre for a conventional flushing system. Although the campus has achieved
energy and water efficient facility, it is suggested to provide appropriate education on
water use, such as reduction in flushing, to the residents.
Flood-control Landscaping and Water Catchment - The campus is also equipped
with the storm water management facility, of which attribute has been proven as
effective. The T-Zed campus maintains a good runoff of water that penetrates through
unpaved landscape into borewells. While the T-Zed campus remained safe due to its
permeable and sloped landscape, neighbouring communities were left underwater when
typhoons and storms occurred. This consequence attracted the outside community to
the T-Zeds water management system. In order to reduce the runoff of surface water,
the drip irrigation technique is applied in the terrace garden.
To sum up, Municipal water supply in most Indian cities is unreliable. Many villages in India do
not have potable water supply. Hence Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) has been proposed as an

environment.
ideal sustainable solution. The Karnataka State Council for Science and Technology (KSCST)
has undertaken steps to promote, implement and create awareness on sustainable water
harvesting and groundwater recharge concepts [Shivakumar 2007].
3. James Englehardt, NSF Emerging Frontiers Research; Design for Autonomous Net-Zero
Water Building: The Net Zero Water Dorm. This research study focuses in the main concept of
net-zero water buildings involve treating and re-using all wastewater with their own water
treatment units in the building. Dr. James Englehardt, principal investigator for the project,
described one of the project's main goals: to be able to do this for a single stand-alone building
with a low-energy and low-emission water-treatment system. Also, he added that they
developing design principles for future buildings that are off the water and wastewater grids, and
the basic research includes many aspects of system design. Project investigators are studying
what net-zero water buildings could include and what they would look like, and designing
treatment and risk-detection systems that could be commercialized. The project study aims to
use all of the wastewater from the building's sinks, laundry, toilets, dishwasher, and showers in
four bathrooms and a kitchen will go to a system that treats the water to drinking-water quality
standards. The students will use the treated water for everything but drinking and cooking.
Net zero water dorm

Englehardt explained that wastewater treatment involves separating liquids from solids and
system
several stages of treatment. The University of Miami system will destroy all organics, including
pharmaceuticals, by oxidizing them to carbon dioxide, and removing all metals, which aren't
typically an issue with municipal wastewater. Also he expounded well that some of the organics
will go to sludge which will enter the sewer, but ultimately they want to convert those as well.

environment.
Studying well their study one of their motivation for this project is to see if all of this can be done
using low energy. Englehardt explains that, on average in the U.S., water and wastewater
conveyance costs consumers four times the amount of energy moving back and forth from
central plants than treating at centralized treatment plants. He says development of low-energy,
single-building treatment plants, coupled with avoidance of conveyance energy, offers the
prospect of equivalent treatment and lower emissions at equivalent cost.
The paper tackles about the technologies such as reverse osmosis or infrared distillation that
remove ions or natural minerals in the water use too much energy, so, the Miami low-energy
system will not remove them. It will produce mineral water that meets drinking water standards
and would be excellent for irrigation. To prevent minerals from accumulating to concentrations
that are too high, they will recycle 80% of the water and dispose up to 20% of the treated water
to the sewer, and use rainwater collected from cisterns to make up the difference. Englehardt
says net-zero water buildings would have no sewer. Because there are no current regulations
for potable water reuse, discharging to the sewer made regulatory permission easier for this
research project.
The treatment system adds:
Calcium carbonate, a beneficial mineral

Natural ozone and hydrogen peroxide, which decomposes to oxygen and water as part
of the oxidation and disinfection process

Ethanol as a carbon source, which aids bacteria nitrogen conversion
Part of the research is to determine whether the wastewater in the treatment system is alkaline
and organic-rich enough so carbonate and organic carbon may not be needed.
The project will collect two years of data, including formal water quality analyses with an outside
lab and water-quality measurements from many sensors monitoring the water pipes and
different parts of the system. Researchers will collect florescence spectra, electrical conductivity,
dissolved oxygen content, turbidity, and pH measurements three or more times daily, for five
days a week and access data from a central, web-based control system.Water quality data
entered into software will be used to control the treatment system remotely but manually.

environment.
Furthermore, one goal is to develop real-time risk-detection software that will send signals to the
water treatment system and problem alerts so everyone will know and can respond, but it will
not yet be operational at the residence hall. Englehardt acknowledged the current risk-analysis
methods to be unmangeable. He stated that they are good at knowing the health response to a
certain concentration of a single chemical we're monitoring, much less a mixture. It is even
harder to predict response to microbes. They want to skip the middle step and go from an
electronic signal to a risk without identifying individual chemicals or concentrations. That makes
it easier, less expensive, and would accelerate acceptance of the technology by allowing people
to feel more protected.
4. Michael Zavoda; Applied Water Management Group of American Water, NYC high-rise
reuse proves decentralized system works The project is a soaring twenty-seven stories above
the busy streets of lower Manhattan in New York City, stands the Solaire, the first green,
high-rise apartment building in the USA featuring 293 units ranging in size from studio to three
bedrooms, the building is the first of its kind to receive a LEED Gold Certification from the US
Green Building Council. Incorporating multiple green components, including solar energy, roof
gardens and Energy Star appliances, the Solaire is the definitive model for modern,
environmentally sustainable living.
Analysing the paper, one of the Solaires most significant green components is a membrane
bioreactor-based wastewater treatment and recycling system installed in the buildings
basement. The system represents yet another milestone -- the first urban, residential treated
wastewater reuse application permitted in the USA. The Hugh L. Carey Battery Park City
Authority (BPCA) tapped American Water to develop the wastewater system, which began
operation in January 2004. The companys Applied Water Management group designs, builds
and operates decentralized water and wastewater treatment plants, focusing on water reuse
and environmental sustainability.

environment.
Exterior view
Nevertheless, the Applied Water

Management team custom designed an onsite, 25,000 gpd (gallons per day)
wastewater system located in the basement
of the Solaire. The system recycles and
treats the buildings sewage for reuse, such
as toilet flushing, HVAC cooling and
subsurface irrigation of an adjacent park.
The wastewater system is also intended to
supply reclaimed water to an adjacent
apartment building, and for use, with further
treatment, for subsurface irrigation in
adjacent Teardrop Park. The total treatment
system, including treated water storage
tanks, occupies an area of approximately
2,130 square feet.
THE SYSTEM involves:
Furthermore, the wastewater reuse system is

designed to produce and supply only the water that is
necessary for daily building usage; if the demand is
low, it processes less, and vice-versa -- up to 25,000
gpd. The treatment system moves wastewater through a series
of concrete
built
intoand
the
Building
sewertanks
pipes
into
basement wall:
out of treatment system
1) A collection tank and trash trap removes plastic and other solids.
2) Wastewater then enters the bio-reactor, which contains very active bacteria used to consume
or digest the biodegradable waste products in the wastewater.

environment.
3) The bioreactor contains two chambers: the
anoxic, which operates without air, and the
aerobic, which is aerated. Different kinds of
bacteria thrive in each environment; pumps draw
the mixture through spaghetti-like membranes that filter the liquid in the osmotic process.
4) Treated, filtered water passes through an ultraviolet disinfection system that kills any
pathogens still present in the treated wastewater.
5) An ozone generator removes any traces of color and remaining pathogens.
6) Water flows to storage tanks, which serve as reservoirs for treated water. The water is
ultimately used to flush toilets and as makeup water for the buildings cooling towers.
Yet it is said and necessarily that engineers designed the reuse system to be highly automated
with remote alarm and monitoring capability; a programmable controller that takes readings of
flow rates and oxygen levels monitors overall system performance. The system requires an
operator to visit twice a week for a few hours each visit.
In addition, the water reuse system includes a separate system that collects rainwater and
stores it in a 10,000-gallon tank, also in the Solaires basement. The water is run through a sand
filter and then chlorinated per New York City requirements. The captured stormwater is used to
irrigate two planted, green roofs, located on the 19th and 28th floors, reducing the need for citysupplied potable water and minimizing flash flooding due to storm drain overflow.
Ozone and ultraviolet light

disinfection systems
Overview of the
treatment room.

environment.
In summary, the Solaire building consumes 50 percent less water than comparable New
York City apartment buildings unequipped with water reclamation systems. Additionally, it uses
35 percent less energy than a similar building designed to New York States code requirements
and 65 percent less electricity during peak demand periods. The buildings design incorporated
382 solar panels, which generate no less than 5 percent of the buildings base electrical load.
Water reuse, especially, reduces the amount of potable water that is taken from the citys water
supply, while at the same time, saving the energy necessary to pump wastewater into a city
treatment facility.
No doubt, the Solaire project clearly illustrates what can be done in an urban setting to reduce
demand on public water infrastructure and water resources overall. American Water is also in
the initial design stages for systems serving several other buildings in the neighbourhood, which
has become a leading example of environmentally sustainable living.
5. Nestor Arabejo and Rowena Ramos; Ecotektonika; Quezon City, Rizal, Philippines;
November 15, 2008 EcoKubo: Redefining Filipino Tropical Living This study wants to redefine
the concept of in Filipino houses that demonstrates indigenous tropical design that are
inexpensive and an alternative to the usual housing solutions. No doubt, this design goal
challenged the design team to strive for the highest sustainable tropical design possible within a
limited budget. A less is more mindset drove the design team to think outside the box. Only
essential elements remain in the finished structures. EcoKubo is designed to sustain the varied
life patterns of the dwellers, from the handicap accessible entrance ramp to the adaptable
sleeping areas.
The team will be using a rice straw bale wall system, a bamboo reinforced concrete system,
bamboo screens and bamboo slats flooring because of the modest project budget. More
important, Ecokubos main sustainable design objective is for the house structure be a vital part
of the sites ecosystem.

environment.
This paper discussed how it addresses and commits to the environmental, social and economic
aspect and dimension of the development to the built environment, with special attention to the
Filipinos cultural heritage.
SOCIAL DIMENSION COMMITMENT.
The design uses local indigenous materials and construction methodology which
contributes to hiring local workers and firms. Its Ecosan and biological
wastewater treatment system will make sure water leaving the site is clean and
therefore improve the sewage disposal in the area. The rainwater harvesting
system with its filtration system promotes access to safe drinking water all year
round. Its affordable construction cost contributes to low to middle-income
housing while improving typical living conditions. Its design positively impacts the
Filipino culture and architecture by incorporating sustainable design principles of
the vernacular bahay kubo.
ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION COMMITMENT.
Quantity of GHG emitted during material extraction, manufacture, transport,

house construction, operation and de-construction is drastically minimized. The
design and the technology used helps reduce the GHG emitted, the quantity of
Ozone Depleting Substances used and indoor air pollution. The soil conditioner
produced by the composting toilet and the trash composting bin eliminates the
use of chemical and synthetic fertilizers. Selected local tree species planted in
the site eliminates virgin forest wood harvesting for fuel use and construction
material. The use of water efficient plumbing fixtures and the use of rainwater
harvesting makes EcoKubo Net-Zero water efficient. The project restores the
sites ecosystem and promotes biodiversity thru responsible native species
selection.
ECONOMIC DIMENSION COMMITMENT.
Its compact, open design is geared to reduce use of materials and the intensity of
energy use. Its backyard composting bin reduces municipal solid waste

environment.
generation and disposal. The building materials used maximizes waste recycling
and reuse, and ease of service and maintainability of the structure. Because of
its innovation in using local materials, it contributes to research and development
of indigenous building material technology. Due diligence in verifying the sites
potential hazards protects dwellers economic and human loss to natural
disasters.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT:
WATER: Net-Zero water efficiency thru the use of composting toilet, Rainwater
harvesting and Biological waste water treatment.
HABITAT: 50% of the site is allocated to Pro-Local Biodiversity open space.
ENERGY: A potential Net-Zero Energy Efficiency thru proper building orientation
and passive solar design combined with an on-site renewable energy potential.
MATERIALS: Local indigenous use of building materials such as "C-Krete", Rice
straw bales, Bamboo and "EcoSan".
6. Casas Architects; Wong & Ouyang Hong Kong; Grand Hyatt Metrocenter: Arup patented
Damped Outrigger System This study elaborates a plan of 66storey 226m tall tower with GFA
of 100,000m. It will be a multi-tasking hotel with a high-end residential and office tower and it
said to adopt Arup patented Damped Outrigger System.
The collaborating group stated that their proposed location will be in the Business District of
Taguig city in the Philippines, the Grand Hyatt Metrocenter will be the tallest and biggest mixed
use building in the country. Arup is providing structural, wind and seismic engineering services
for the building.
In their analysis, the building employs Arup's Damped Outrigger System which reduces wind or
earthquake induced sway vibrations in tall buildings.

environment.
Also, the system provides high levels of damping, or energy absorption, within a buildings
structure by incorporating components similar to the shock absorbers in a car. The concrete
outrigger walls are built into the Hyatt's two mechanical floors in order to optimise structural size
and leave more space for aesthetic design.
Compared to conventional designs, the system requires significantly less concrete and
reinforcement steel which greatly reduces material and construction costs.
The stud also highlighted that the Arup's damper system will also save the client costs during
the operational period, as our dampers do not require a power supply, unlike conventional
dampers which require a motor with ultra-reliable back up power supplies. Additionally, Arup's
dampers need minimal maintenance during the lifetime of building.
CHAPTER 5
PROGRAMMING
ARCHITECTURAL
Grand Hyatt Metrocenter will be the tallest
and biggest mixed use building in the
country
In this chapter, the proponent is to identify the spatial or design elements according to
what a mixed-use development research and supply facility shall require.
5.1.1 Spatial Identification
5.1.1.1 Staffing Requirements
The spaces and zoning requirements were derived from the Model Zoning District
Ordinance. Other spaces and planning principles such as layout of building process
outsourcing(BPO), sports facilities, commercial and retail zone, other facilities and space
requirements
were derived from case studies as well as related literatures studied by the
proponent, being the project a new type of facility.

environment.
I. Administrative Department The main source of the overall operation, programs,
implementation, and undertakings of the facility, the administration facilities office is the first
contact point for occupants, guests, students, retailers and wholesalers who would like to take
part with the facilities activities.
A. Directors Office
1. Director
2. Clerical Staff (2)
3. Executive Secretary
B. Assistant Directors Office
1. Assistant Director
C. ADMIN Office
1. Administrative Head
D. Legal Office
1. Legal Consultant
2. Employees (4)
E. Planning Office

environment.
1. Officer in Charge
2. Employees (4)
F. Internal Relations Office
2. Employees (4)
II. Management Information System and Educational Resources Division The head office
in-charge of the gathering, package, and communication of research development information
technologies to the different clientele through multi-media approach, provides scientific literature
exchange services to other institutions, organizations, and the public.
A. Management Information System Division
2. Clerks (4)
B.
Information and Communications Technology Services Office
1. ICT Services Head
2. Employees (4)
C. Library Services Section (Publication and Documentation Unit)
1. Publication and Documentation Officer

environment.
2. Publication and Documentation Assistant
3. Chief Librarian
4. Assistant Librarians (4)
D. Museum Administrative Division
1. Curator (Museum Director)
2. Secretary
3. Archivist (2)
4. Program Lecturer (3)
E. Multimedia Services Unit
1. Education Media Officer
2. Educational Media Assistant
3. Computer Technician
F.
Systems Development Administration Unit
1. Computer Services Officer
2. Computer Services Assistant
3. Network Administrator

environment.
4. Network Associate
III. Finance Department The head office in charge of the Finance Management of the Center.
A. Finance Management Office
1. Finance Manager
2. Secretary
B. Accounting Office
1. Accounting Officer
2. Accounting Clerk (4)
C. Budget/Treasury Operations Office
1. Budget Officer
2. Treasury Assistant (2)
IV. Maintenance and General Services Unit
1. Maintenance and General Services Officer
2. Printing Technician (2)
3. Maintenance Personnel (2)

environment.
4. General Services Personnel (2)
5. Electrician/Aircon Technician
6. Utility Man (2)
7. Chief Security Officer
8. Security Personnel/Security Guard (10)
V. Residential and Household Living
A. One -Bedroom Unit
1. Occupants (4)
B. Two-Bedroom Unit
1. Occupants (6)
C. Bachelors Pad
1. Occupants (2)
VI. Public and Civic Spaces
A. Open Parks
2. Security Personnel
3. Maintenance Personnel

environment.
VII. Commercial and Retailing
A. Technological Institutions
1. Management Officers (4)
2. Office Clerks (4)
3. Finance Management Officers (2)
4. Academic Professionals (6)
5. Students
B. Restaurants & Cafes
1. Chefs (2)
2. Clerks (3)
4. Finance Management Clerks (2)
C. Retail Shops

environment.
3. Clerks (4)
D. Mini Market
3. Clerks (4)
VI. Building Process Outsourcing typically categorized into back office outsourcing - which
includes internal business functions such as human resources or finance and accounting,
and front office outsourcing - which includes customer-related services such as contact
center services.
A. Call Center
1. Management Officers
2. Finance Management Clerks
3. ICT Services Employees
B. Recruitment Agencies

environment.
2. Finance Management Clerks
3. ICT Services Employees
4. Budget/Treasury Operations Office
VII. Sports and Recreation
A. Outdoor
2. Maintenance Clerks
B. Indoor
2. Maintenance Clerks
5.1.1.2 Space Identification

Name of space
Identification
ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT
Facilities for the management of the Center under the authority of the Directors Office.
It will house almost overall such as the Administrative Department, Maintenance General
Services Unit, Management Information System and Educational Resources Division.
Private office of the Director, used for internal affairs

environment.
and overall operations of the facility. The areas should have a
Director's Office (with
different entrance or employees entrance lobby to separate
Comfort Room)
employees entrance to guests entrance and facility

operational lobby.
Office of the Assistant Director; should be provided
Assistant Directors Office

(with Comfort Room)
Administrative Office
with an ante room (office) for the staff, preferably adjacent to

the directors office because of the coordination needed
between their functions.
Will provide facilities for the day-to-day administration
of the physical facilities as well as general services of the
development.
Office for the legal consultant of the facility, legal
matters as well as documents are kept in this office, should
Legal Office
be adjacent to the administrative office and directors office

for efficiency when needing documents. Staff room is also
provided for the use of employees under this department
This department will support the whole facility in terms
of maintaining good utility and infrastructure planning
services (electrical, mechanical, HVAC, and the like). Offices
include, Telecommunications area, Engineering area, Energy
Planning Office
Management Office (for energy saving devices used in the

facility). Staff room is also provided for the use of employees
under this department.
This department appraises procedures and related
matters including expressing an opinion as to the efficiency
or adequacy of existing procedures; and appraising personal
efficiency. Performs functions of a protective nature such as
prevention and detection of fraud or dishonesty; reviews
Internal Relations Office
cases involving misuse of agency property; checking of

transactions with outside parties. The department should
then be adjacent to the administrative department and the
farms operations, so as for close observation and reports on
functional efficiency.
Serves as the focal unit in the management,
implementation, monitoring and evaluation of technology
commercialization plans, programs and activities. Provides
technical assistance in the development and management of
research and development projects and technology
Technology
commercialization activities supportive thrusts, themes, and
Commercialization Section
goals of the facility. This office should then be located

together with other IT related and systems offices for
efficiency in their inter-connected functionalities as well as
utilities.

environment.
Concerned with the development and acquisition of
data as well as the screening and refining of developed
information; provides a continuing education technology
among the facility and partner institutions (DA, BAR, NGOs).
Management Information
System Division
Therefore the office is likely to be accessed by supporting

institutions for information and data exchange; the office
should be easily accessible from the lobby and is also
adjacent to IT offices for efficient information transfer.
The head office in charge of the planning and
formulation of the facilitys agenda and programs, formulates
guidelines and procedures in research and development
Program Development
Division
prioritization, budget allocation, and implementation. This

division is divided into two offices Program Development
Office and the Research Program Studies Unit, each
provided with their own staff rooms and utilities.
Offices under this department are used for supporting,
controlling, and auditing all the expenses and charges of the
whole facility and the guests/students. Payroll or control for
Finance Department
payment in each staff is also done in this department. It also

provides staff room and other service room for the use of
employees under the department.
Lobby should have information counter, registration for
visitors. These areas are placed to guide the guest and
Lobby (with Reception Desk)
visitors from entering the administrative building to the

whereabouts of different offices. This area should have an
atmosphere of formality and is easily accessible going to the
offices and circulation components.
This area should portray a formal and executive
Conference Room
outlook. This is used for administrative meetings and special

conference between private or outside parties and the
facilitys administrators.
Each staff offices should have an employees lounge
Employees Lounge
and one main lounge provided with provisional facilities such

as lockers (staff lounge area), recreational spaces, etc.
Easily accessible comfort rooms within the building for
Comfort Rooms
common use of both employees and visitors; material and

construction choice should be easily maintainable for minimal
maintenance cost.
Utility Rooms and Storage

Rooms
Includes electrical rooms, mechanical room, Genset room,

HVAC, and the like utilities, should be accessible through a
service entrance away from the buildings operations for
safety and efficient maintenance operations.
Opens space necessary to promote natural lighting and

environment.
Courtyard
ventilation of the facility, this could contain extra features of

the building such as incorporation of natural life,
waterscapes, recreation space, etc.
Janitors/utility and maintenance staff should be
provided with rooms and office for supervisors to be used as
meeting room and staff rooms with lockers for their things.
Since they are bound to their responsibilities of maintaining
and cleaning the whole facility, storage room for maintenance
Maintenance and Utility

Department
and utility materials should be provided, and in each floor of

the whole facility, service room should be provided. So that
areas for services are all controlled by these employees and
good services from them can be achieved if these spaces are
provided by the facility.
Spaces for security officers like sec. directors office,
supervisors area, and officers area/room are included in this
department. Since security officers are mostly scattered
inside and outside the whole facility to secure all areas, there
Security Department
should be security posts provided for them so that they can

have specific locations wherein if the employees / guest
needs them, they can be easily seen.
SUPPORT FACILITIES
These are supporting facilities complimenting the facilities functions, these constitutes the
facilities sub functions being a complete agriculture center in an urban setting.
Farm market with the urban farms produces, this is provided
Retail Market (Farm Market)
for retailers and wholesalers that would like to purchase farm

produces that are not included in the facilitys supply lists.
Restaurant / Rentable
Restaurant Space
Provision for an in-house restaurant and or restaurant space

for extra income generation of the facility, this would feature
an interactive development for public appreciation.
Adequate parking spaces considering the facility mixed use
Parking Area
development structure, parking spaces are to be divided for

public use (visitors and guests) and for employees use.
Organizations and activities related to amateur sports
Sports and Recreation
(including fitness and wellness centers) and recreation and

social clubs (including service clubs) to achieve interactivity
of residents.
Secondary Education; a designation employed for a wide
Technological Institutions
Business Integrated Units
range of learning institutions awarding different types of

degrees and operating often at variable levels of the
educational system.
Initiative is to create shared services centers, or Integrated
Business Units (IBUs), which are charged with refining and

environment.
improving current processes and policies, better utilizing
technology and standardizing workflow to deliver quality
services due to education and research.
Residential and Household Zone
Real estate development for residential purposes. The development contains largest
percentage of this zone that shelters single- to multi-family residents.
A typical arrangement is a cluster of two room-apartments
Two-Bedroom Unit
One-Bedroom Unit
Bachelors Pad
with a common kitchen and bathroom, will be occupying by

two (2) to six (6) individuals.
One bedroom is separate from the rest of the apartment that
can shelter two (2) to four (4) family members.
A bachelor pad is an exterior, worldly representation of the
man who lives there and the ultimate bachelors pad is the
idealized living space for the ultra-modern, trendy mans
man.
SPORTS AND RECREATION
Outdoor
Indoor
Leisure pursuits engaged in the outdoors, often in natural or

semi-natural settings out of town.
Intended sports for use in the interior of a building.
BUILDING PROCESS OUTSOURCING
Typically categorized into back office outsourcing - which includes internal business
functions such as human resources or finance and accounting, and front office outsourcing which includes customer-related services such as contact center services.
Physical place where customer and other telephone calls are
Call Center
handled by an organization, usually with some amount of

computer automation.
Process of attracting, screening, selecting, and onboarding a
Recruitment Agencies
qualified person for a job. At the strategic level it may involve

the development of an employer brand which includes an
"employee offering".

environment.
5.2 Graphical Spatial Translations

Upon the completion of the projects spatial programming or organization, graphical
spatial translations are provided to create an idea on how the spaces which the facility requires
relates with each other.
5.2.1 General Spatial elements
This will show the relationships between the major spaces and zoning within the site.
Two methods or diagrams are presented to present and analyze the facilities spaces.
5.2.1.1 General Connection Diagram
This is an analysis on how the diagram came about and how it should be provided for.
5.2.1.2 General Bubble or Balloon Diagram
This is provided after the general matrix diagram to show the intensity of adjacency by
using bolder lines for required adjacent spaces. This is used to highlight further adjacency
requirements.
Legend:
- PRIVATE
Essential
Desirable
A. Bubble Diagram
PUBLIC
SEMI-PRIVATE

environment.
Spaces
I. Administrative
II. Residential and Household Living
III. Sports and Recreational (20% outdoor 80% indoor)
IV. Technological Institution
V. Auxiliary Spaces
VI. Business Process Outsourcing
VI. Open space
Essentia
l
2
Desirabl
e
4
Total
Note: The administrative cluster having the most number of desirable and
essential connections would therefore be the central core of the
development for efficient adjacency connections
Bubble Diagram:

environment.
Bubble Diagram Showing Administrative Clusters:

environment.
Spaces
Essentia
Desirabl
Total
Directors Office
11
Assistant Directors Office
Administrative Office
12
Legal Office
Planning Office
Internal Relations Office
Technology Commercialization Section
Management Information System Division
Program Development Division
Finance Department

environment.
Employees Lounge Comfort Room
10
Employees Canteen
Conference Room
10
Lobby (with Reception Desk)
10
Courtyard
10
10
General Supplies/Storage Room
Security Officers Area
Note: The administration office have the most number of connections would
be the core of development, but the courtyard having the most number of
desirable connections would serve as the inter-connecting space between
offices. Projecting adjacent spaces around it.
Bubble Diagram:

environment.
CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
The building design, programs and environmental systems should be able to assimilate
the concepts of the sustainability, integrate ecological value and minimize the environmental
impact of the structure. The proposed systems should augment the integration of natural
exterior elements indoors while providing alternative resources for renewable energy. Treatment
and elimination of waste products on-site will minimize localized impact in the surrounding
areas. Studies for existing micro-climates, solar orientation, immediate environment and
prevailing wind & weather patterns should be taken into account so as to optimize the use of the
chosen site. It is the paramount goal of the researcher to design a sustainable skyscraper by
considering ease of maintenance as well as manipulation of exterior natural energy resources
from high altitudes. This approach allows the utilization and integration of natural sources of
renewable energy setting a continuous loop of energy creation where the end product of one
building system can be used and recycled by another.
6.1 Structural Systems
The main components of the proposed development shall be consisted of the

substructure, core, superstructure and the exterior skin/ finish. The superstructure of the
building will be of prefabricated steel system to minimize possible impact in the environment
during construction. Steel offers strength, stability, effective and flexible design for the building
but the prefabricated method adds efficiency to the costs and assembly process. The core,
which includes shear walls and interior columns, will be of cast in place reinforced concrete to
provide adequate strength required for the design. The substructure, which includes the parking

environment.
areas, basements other service/utility spaces, will be constructed using mat footing foundation.
Structural design requirements for hydro-static pressure will be taken into consideration to admit
adequate support to the base of the development. Lastly, the exterior skin shall be made of
acrylic material for sun shading while allowing ease of maintenance. The smooth surface of the
material offers less resistance to strong winds as well as heavy rains making it ideal for the
double skin in the building faade.
6.1.1
Superstructure: BSB Prefabricated Construction Process
The
(BSB)
Broad
Sustainable
Prefabricated
Building
Construction
Process uses a factory-fabricated

steel structure system and on-site
installation, using flanges and high-strength bolts to join the
Figure 1 - Pre-Fabrication and Assembly of
Materials
construction members. It also incorporates integrated,

installable floor slabs, light wall board, and other
prefabricated materials. It has advantages of magnitude-9 earthquake resistance, five times the
energy efficiency of a conventionally built structure, at between 10% and 30% lower cost. The
process produces less than 1 percent of the waste when compared with the conventional sitebuilt construction.
The prefabricated sections of the structure will be mostly consisted by the

superstructure. The core and substructure must be constructed on-site as prefabricating these
components may render the structure weak when applied with heavy stress from existing
microclimatic factors such strong winds and heavy rains.
6.1.2 Superstructure: Rocker Faade System
This structural system features a unique design component that was created specifically
for high-rise buildings which is able to support long-span cable-net glass wall while actively
dissipating the effects of earthquakes and heavy winds. Additionally, it can facilitate the

environment.
suspension of 22-storeytall glass structures with the help of sophisticated network of cable
systems in diagonal connections anchored large spaces such as the main lobby and atriums.
Figure 2 - Images of the Rocker Facade System
The large spaces act as a counterweight for the cables, introducing pre-stress and
providing the required stiffness to resist out-of-plane loads caused by the wind on the cable-net.
In addition to the diagonal cables used at the atrium glass wall, two additional cables and a
Rocker were introduced at the rear of the museum structure to assist in its suspension. This
system highly resembles the configuration of hysteric dampers but were modified to support
longer vertical and horizontal spans.
6.1.3 Superstructure: Tuned Liquid Damper Systems
As a design parameter for high-rise structures, the integration of damper systems to the
building should be implemented to decrease the net impact of earthquakes with varying
magnitude and intensity to the development. There are various types of damper systems used
across the globe depending on the costs provisions and materials to be used. For the proposed
high-rise structure, Tuned Liquid Column Dampers shall be used as these can, if adequately
designed, reduce earthquake demands for the structure.
Figure 3 - Conceptual and Prototype
Samples of TLD

environment.
This type of damper system is an energy dissipating substructure which can be used to
improve the dynamics of the building. The basic operating principle is an energy transfer from
the vibrating host to the TLCD. The system consists of a rigid piping system which is integrated
in the building and partially filled with liquid, preferably water. Although both the construction and
working principle of Tuned Liquid Column Dampers differ from the commonly used Tuned Mass
Dampers, the ability to dissipate seismic energy are the same. The intended effect for the
building is achieved by taking into account the oscillation of free surface or sloshing of a fluid
inside the tank.
The Tuned Liquid Dampers will be located along maintenance/ utility floors as this
system requires a reasonable amount of floor area to be effective. Instead of providing a large
tank partially filled with liquid, separate tanks will be provided for optimum results during seismic
activities. Maintenance or utility areas will not be limited to one floor only as the need for the
space highly depends on the frequency of use in the region it serves.
6.1.4 Sub-structure: Mat Foundations
Figure 4 - Mat Foundations

environment.
The proposed development shall make use of mat foundations for its substructures. The
soil composition from the selected site in Alabang, being adjacent to coastal areas, are
subjected to differential settlements; and due to the developments structural requirements and
irregular lateral loads, Mat foundations will be able to provide the sound structural integrity and
flexural strength that will bridge over these irregularities.
6.1.5 Core: Interior Columns and Shear Walls
Figure 5 - Shear Wall Details
These structural elements will be provided to control internal stresses of the building as
well as lateral movements caused by wind and earthquakes (seismic movement), thus it needs
strength and stability against building lateral movements, these structural elements will be of
cast-in-place reinforced concrete which features:
Versatility and form: Usually placed in the structure in the fluid state, the material is
readily adaptable to a wide variety of architectural and functional requirements.
Durability: With proper concrete protection of the steel reinforcement, the structure will
have
long life even under highly adverse or climatic conditions.
Fire Resistance: With proper protection for the reinforcement, a reinforced concrete
structure provides the maximum in fire protection.
Cost: In many cases, the first cost of a concrete structure is less than that of a
comparable concrete structure. In almost every case, maintenance costs are less.

environment.
Availability of labor and material: It is always possible to make use of local sources of
labor
6.2 Electrical Systems
The main
Figure 6-Electrical System Diagram
source
of
electrical power will be from the main power supply provided by the Manila Electric Company
(MERALCO). Energy for the Metropolitan areas is generated and supplied by the National
Power Corporation (NAPOCOR) which is then distributed by the MERALCO to consumers.
There is no existing power lines located on the proposed site therefore provisions for
underground electrical/ utility rooms must be considered. As the development calls for an
uninterrupted source of electricity, the use of Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) System should
be a must.
The heavy power consumption demand for the development may result into exhausted
resources. In order to prevent this, the use of alternative sources such as such Solar Panels
(Photovoltaic Panels), Thermo chromic Glazing, Piezoelectricity, and Wind turbines will be
incorporated into the building design as these systems harvest renewable energy from the
existing environment thereby creating a sustainable environment for work and play. Electric
power acquired from these sources will be distributed among support facilities and devices

environment.
which require minor operational power. In the event of power shortage, generator sets are
assigned to power most of the backup systems such as emergency lights, fire exits, fire pumps,
fire alarm indicator system and telephone communication lines.
6.2.1 Alternative Energy Sources
Figure 7 - Vertical Axis

Helical Turbine
Wind Turbines
The proposed development shall be designed with a considerable height ranging from
30 and above, thus the structure is subjected mostly to moderate to strong winds. As the high
altitudes offer this type of environment, the kinetic energy from the movement of air shall be
harvested for energy conversion and consumption with the use of wind turbines. The system will
be located along strategic points where optimum results may be acquired such as the highest
point of the structure and the building faade where diverging and maximum prevailing winds
from the environment can be harvested.
Figure 8 - VAWT Features compared to typical Wind Turbines

environment.
Vertical Axis Helical Turbine (VAWT) consists of a three vertical airfoil blades, each
having a twist of 120 degrees, constructed of a flexible yet rigid material that is mounted
vertically to a rotor. This feature spreads the torque or moment force over the entire revolution,
thus preventing destructive pulsations during strong winds. The wind turbines axis orientation
enables harvesting of wind energy from multiple directions more than the horizontally-inclined
turbines thereby optimizing any specified location for the system. Converted energy from this
turbine can be used on minor facilities or other buildings systems that require minimum
electrical power.
Biogas Utilization
Being a mixed-use commercial-residential development, the proposed skyscraper will be

expected to produce large amount of solid and liquid wastes especially from the residential
units. In sync with the concept of minimum environmental impact for the structure, on-site
material treatment and recovery facilities will be provided for the building thus, these waste
products will be utilized to produce biogas. Biogas refers to gaseous substance acquired from
the breaking down of organic matter such as solid wastes during anaerobic digestion or
degradation process with the absence of oxygen. Biogas can be harvested from various
biodegradable materials such as sewage, manure, municipal waste and other plant materials.
Figure 9 - Biogas Process Diagram

environment.
The
system works
by diverting the liquid wastes to a separate processing facility where components used for
fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be extracted. At the same time, solid
wastes will be sent to a bioreactor where it will be digested or fermented using oxygen to
release biogas which consists primarily of methane and carbon dioxide. Methane can be used
extensively to replace natural gas and can also be converted to electricity if used for fuel cells.
The solid waste residues from the process will be collected and deposited to agricultural sectors
as organic fertilizers while treated Black water shall be disposed to irrigation use.
Solar/ Photovoltaic Panels (PV)
Figure 10 - Photovoltaic (PV) Panels
Photovoltaic (PV) systems utilize fuel cells that directly convert solar energy in to
electricity. Unlike other building system, the conversion process occurs requiring no mechanical
apertures and with net-zero end products. It operates and gathers energy through a
semiconductor material, typically silicon, which is used in thin wafers or ribbons in most
commercially available cells. One side of the semiconductor material has a positive charge and
the other side is negative. Basically, when light strikes the cell, a certain portion of it is absorbed

environment.
within the semiconductor material. This means that the energy of the absorbed light is
transferred to the semiconductor. The energy knocks electrons loose, allowing them to flow
freely. The Direct Current (DC) power generated by the PV cells flow through power conversion
equipment and into the buildings electrical distribution system. Placing the panels at the highest
point of the development considering solar orientations will be able to maximize potential energy
output. PV panels shall be responsible for providing alternative energy source and significant
savings as the energy demand for these types development is very high.
Piezoelectric Tiles
Figure 11 - Piezoelectric Tile details and diagram

environment.
Piezoelectricity is the electrical energy/charge that accumulates in certain solid
materials (such as crystals like quartz and certain ceramics) in response to applied mechanical
pressure. It takes advantage of the charges in the quartz as an exerted force causes the
development of positive and negative charges on each surface of the crystal. Once the pressure
is relieved, electrical charges flows across the material. This voltage can be collected in
separate battery storage and
can be used to power up minor
facilities and devices in the
development.
can
be
Piezoelectricity
applied
to
various
devices applicable to different

types of structures. In this case,
Figure 12 - How Piezoelectric Tiles work
the integration of the system will
be applied to floor tiles.
The Piezoelectric tiles shall be placed along pathways where heavy pedestrian traffic
and circulation is viable in order to maximize the system. Ideally, it should be located at the
entrance or lobby of the development to optimize ingress and egress of users. Alternatively,
these types of tiles can also be integrated for parking areas where heavy mechanical pressure
from vehicles can be acquired enough to supply the utility lighting systems as well as automated
gates. Assimilation of Piezoelectricity to the development offers alternative source of renewable
energy which adds up to the significant electrical savings of the building.
Water Wheel Generators
Figure 13 - Details of the water wheel

generator

environment.
The proposed development calls for structures with high elevations as pertaining to
vertical expansions. The altitude of the building offers potential energy sources during heavy
rains and storms. The kinetic energy from falling water will help provide the building with
alternative source of electricity for minor devices indoors. The generators will be equipped along
storm drainage before proceeding to the recycling process, which will be discussed in the
preceding chapters. Plumbing system for the storm drainage will be designed with necessary
provision enough to utilize this energy and convert it into electricity. This smart system utilizes
not only the storm water collected for sanitary purposes but also makes use of the latent energy
it contain from the falling motion it makes inside the piping system. It is generally applicable to
structures and developments susceptible to heavy rainwater harvesting.
6.3 Mechanical Systems
The proposed skyscraper adapts a climate - responsive design which aims to promote
sustainable building standards for high rise structures. Its main goal is to manipulate the existing
environment and consider the integration of natural lighting and ventilation to the development.
The use of atriums and other open spaces shall provide nodes permeable to the prevailing
winds cooling the immediate surroundings. This design approach minimizes the need for
artificial cooling systems for the proposed development. However, provisions for artificial
ventilations should be considered for the administrative offices, commercial zones, and selected
residential units. In order to provide efficient and effective use of building systems, the use of
Building Management Systems (BMS) shall be integrated in to the design.
6.3.1 HVAC System
Various types of air-conditioning systems will be used for different spaces depending on
the intended functions. Centralized air-conditioning units shall be integrated into locations
catering heavy number of users such as the main lobby, function rooms, general staff office and
other large spaces. For small office spaces and other contained areas, Split-type air conditioner
shall be used to maximize the space while still being able to provide a cool ambiance for work.

environment.
Other public and open spaces will utilize natural ventilation with provisions for sun shading
devices such as louvers and baffle walls to minimize maximum solar heat gain and maximize
passive cooling and cross ventilation in the areas.
Figure 14 - Image of the Split-type Air-conditioner
Spaces which require artificial cooling systems shall be provided with movable windows
for alternative choice of ventilation indoors. Proper vent and exhaust systems shall be supplied
for enclosed spaces to admit air circulation and prevent the development of stagnant heated air,
fumes & odours. Furthermore, the ventilation system shall be connected to a centralized
Building Management System (BMS) for automated control resulting to potential energy saving
for the development. Rooms will be equipped with interactive thermostat that gives off signal to
the ventilation systems master control whenever the desired temperature is achieved. The
cooling system which automatically adjusts and maintain the overall room temperature
significantly decrease power consumption for the structure whilst offer convenience for the
maintenance and end-users of the product.
6.3.2 Elevator Systems

environment.
Figure 15 - Application of the Kone

Ultrarope
The proposed structure shall be installed with Traction Elevator type as it provide energy
efficiency & ease of operation. The elevator is designed to fit all of its components within the
shaft containing the elevator car with only a cabinet provision for the elevator computer. The
elevator system will make use of the KONE Ultrarope technology that utilizes new carbon-fiber
hoisting technology. The weight and bending advantages of which effectively double the
distance an elevator can travel in a single shaft to 1,000 m (1 km). The rope is comprised of
carbon fiber core and epoxy-based high-friction coating rendering it extremely light thus, energy
consumption and machine room size in these type of developments can be cut significantly. The
drop in rope weight means a reduction in elevator moving masses the weight of everything
that moves when an elevator travels up or down, including the hoisting ropes, compensating
ropes, counterweight, elevator car, and passenger load.
Currently, elevators are limited to a
single-shaft height of 500 meters, the point at which the mass and thickness of steel rope
makes further height impractical. With UltraRope, elevators can travel up to 1,000 meters
without the need for transfer lobbies.

environment.
Figure 16 - Thyssenkrupp Elevator Architecture
The development shall make use of diagonal elevators so as to adapt to the inclined
path between the lower levels and the succeeding floors spaced vertically and horizontally from
the first station. The elevator car will be guided accordingly by inclined rails and hoisting cable
apparatus including a travelling pulley adapted to move horizontally as the cable supporting the
elevator car is moved over the traveling pulley, so that the elevator car is moved simultaneously
vertically and horizontally.
The integration of this material for the elevator system delimits the construction of the
system by allowing the extension of height by which it can support. Usually, the rope weight
provides demarcations to the development as on most cases, the weight steel rope becomes
unsupportable over the proposed height of the development. It is the enablement of greater
height that is beneficial where the greater energy and material efficiencies are of equal value.
6.4 Fire-Fighting Systems
Various fire-fighting systems will be integrated to the structure in relation to the specified
requirements set forth in the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of RA 9514 otherwise
known as the Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 for multi-storey Commercial-Residential
building developments like the proposed skyscraper.
6.4.1 Fire Extinguishing Systems

environment.
Figure 17 - Fire Extinguishing

Systems
Fire extinguishing systems are to be provided as required, to be installed in every storey,

basement or cellar with an area of 200 square meters or more; having an occupant load of more
than 100. The facility should have at least one fire extinguisher in every areas provided inside
the building and is to be used easily by anyone.
Different Fire extinguishers will be distributed on the facility depending on the fire-types
and materials present within each space; the types are stated as the following:
Class A - are extinguishers intended for ordinary combustible materials such as paper,
wood, cardboard, and most plastics.

Class B intended for fires involving flammable or combustible liquids such as gasoline,
kerosene, grease and oil.

Class C intended for fires involving electrical equipment such as appliances, wiring,
circuit breakers and outlets. This type of extinguisher alone must be strictly used for the
electrical damage as applying water may increase the property damage.
Components of the intended Dry Powder Fire Extinguishers, being Class A,B, and C are
as follows:

environment.
Powder based agent that extinguishes by separating the four parts of the fire
tetrahedron. It prevents the chemical reaction between heat, fuel and oxygen and halts the
production of fire sustaining "free-radicals", thus extinguishing the fire.
Ammonium phosphate, also known as "tri-class", "multipurpose" or "ABC" dry chemical,

used on class A, B, and C fires. It receives its class A rating from the agent's ability to
melt and flow at 177 C (350 F) to smother the fire. More corrosive than other dry
chemical agents..
Sodium bicarbonate, "regular" or "ordinary" used on class B and C fires, was the first of
the dry chemical agents developed. It interrupts the fire's chemical reaction.
Potassium bicarbonate (aka Purple-K), used on class B and C fires. About two times as
effective on class B fires as sodium bicarbonate, it is the preferred dry chemical agent of
the oil and gas industry.
Potassium bicarbonate & Urea Complex (aka Monnex/Powerex), used on Class B and C
fires. More effective than all other powders due to its ability to decrepitate (where the
powder breaks up into smaller particles) in the flame zone creating a larger surface area
for free radical inhibition.
Foam-Compatible, which is a sodium bicarbonate (BC) based dry chemical, was

developed for use with protein foams for fighting class B fires. Most dry chemicals
contain metal stearates to waterproof them, but these will tend to destroy the foam
blanket created by protein (animal) based foams. Foam compatible type uses silicone as
a waterproofing agent, which does not harm foam. Effectiveness is identical to regular
dry chemical, and it is light green in color (some ANSUL brand formulations are blue).
This agent is generally no longer used since most modern dry chemicals are considered
compatible with synthetic foams such as AFFF.

environment.
MET-L-KYL / PYROKYL is a specialty variation of sodium bicarbonate for fighting
pyrophoric liquid fires (ignite on contact with air). In addition to sodium bicarbonate, it
also contains silica gel particles. The sodium bicarbonate interrupts the chain reaction of
the fuel and the silica soaks up any unburned fuel, preventing contact with air. It is
effective on other class B fuels as well.
6.4.2 Fire Alarm Systems
Figure 18 - Ionization Alarm System

Details
Every
structure in
the development shall have an automatic and
manually operated fire alarm systems with audible alarm devices integrated into hallways.
Manual break-glass contacts and automatic smoke or heat detectors with audible warning
throughout the building will be provided; these would be complemented with automatic recessed
hose reels throughout, external fire hydrants, portable fire extinguishers at strategic locations,
and fire dampers.
Specifically, Ionization type of smoke detectors shall be used. These devices contain a
small radioactive source for ionizing the air molecules between a pair of electrodes, permitting a
very small current to flow between the pair. If smoke particles from a fire enter this space, they
reduce the flow of current by adhering to the ionized molecules. The smoke detector gathers
analog information and converts it into digital signals. The detectors on-board microprocessor
measures and analyzes these signals and compares the information to historical readings and
time patterns to make an alarm decision. Digital filters help remove signal patterns that are not
related to typical fire outbreaks minimizing the cases of false alarms.
6.4.3 Automatic Fire Suppression System/ Sprinkler Systems

environment.
Figure 19 - Image of Upright

Sprinkler
Sprinkler systems are to be used as stated in the Fire Code. Every floor should have
sprinklers in every 5-10 meters interval. Each automatic sprinkler system shall be provided with
adequate and reliable water supply, at least one source of supply shall be provided under
continuous automatic pressure, such as from a public water way system, a gravity tank or a
pressure tank, a separate source for these water supply shall be separate from potable water
supply for sanitary issues. Upright Sprinklers will be used for the systems as the development
call for the protection of cables and combustible materials above false ceiling.
6.4.4 Dry Standpipes
Figure 20 - Dry Standpipes
Dry standpipes will be used in the proposed facility; it shall be equipped with one or
more dry standpipes that will depend upon the height of the facility. It will be located within

environment.
enclosed stairway landings or near such stairways as possible. It shall extend from the ground
floor to and over the roof and shall be equipped with a 63 mm. outlet not more than 1.20 m
above the floor level at each storey. Outlets shall be equipped with gate valves.
Siamese Connections
According to the provision of the Fire Code, all 100

mm dry standpipes shall be equipped with a two storey
Siamese fire department connection. All 125 mm dry
standpipes shall be equipped with a three way fire
department connection and all 150 mm dry standpipes
Figure 21 - Siamese Connections
shall be equipped with a four way Siamese fire
department connections. All Siamese inlet connections shall be located on a street front of the
building and not less than 300 mm or more than 1.2 meters above the grade and shall be
equipped with a clapper-checks and substantial plugs. All Siamese inlet connections shall be
recessed in the wall or otherwise substantially protected.
6.4.5 Fire Doors
Figure 22 - Fire Doors with Signages

environment.
Fire doors in accordance with the Fire Code (Sec. 3.507, PD 1185) will be provided on
fire exits and fire stairwell enclosures; fire rating should be measured in accordance with
internationally accepted standards; it shall also be provided with a positive latching means to
hold it in closed position against the pressure of expanding gases. Glass panels shall be of
transparent wire glass mounted on steel frames. Steel fire doors will be used mainly because of
its economical and availability features.
Door hardware includes, but is not limited to:
Automatic closing devices.
Ball bearing hinges.
Positive latching mechanism.
6.5 Sanitary Systems
Figure 23 - Main Water Source
6.5.1 Water Supply
The site doesnt have any existing water lines and therefore will be tapped from the main
MWSS line for primary source of water. The proposed development shall be comprised of multilevel commercial and office spaces and high building elevation thus, the use of pneumatic tanks
and down feed system will be efficient to supply water for the structure. Cisterns will be provided
for sanitary and regular uses however, filtered irrigation water supply will be separated from the
fire-fighting system in order to avoid back flow from the sprinklers back to the main water tank
which, if inevitably occurs, may contaminate the main water supply. The development will not

environment.
solely rely on the main water line for daily consumption as the structure will make use of
buildings systems that harvest potable water from various sources in the existing environment.
6.5.1.1 Atmospheric Water Generators
The intervention of modern technology created a huge impact to the daily lives of every
citizen in most especially in the urban areas. Harvesting of natural elements such as clouds and
water vapour with the convenience of location utilizes the concept of conversion of various
elements into another compound enhances the buildings ability to sustain its proponents with
minimal margin for possible carbon emissions. The altitude that proposed high-rise building
offers is highly susceptible to strong winds as well as clouds. The adjacency of the structure to
the elements provides ease of access for the conversion process.
Figure 24 - Various applications for

the Watermill
Watermill
This system enables the harvesting of outdoor air and converting it into fresh drinking
water. Originally devised as a mechanism to address the shortage of clean drinking water for
residential areas, the Watermill, with the modernized looks of an air conditioning unit, has the
ability to condense, filter and sterilize a nearly 13 quarts of fresh water every day. The device
aims to provide a self-cleaning, environmentally friendly alternative to bottled drinks and source
of fresh water to the office spaces as well as residential areas. Moreover, the device also acts
as a conditioning device that significantly reduces the humidity levels of spaces rendering the

environment.
location cool and conducive for various clerical and residential activities. The system is
equipped with energy-efficient sensors that sample the immediate environment every three
minutes. Cooling the machines condensation chamber to just below the dew point, or the
temperature at which the air becomes saturated with water vapor and begins to condense, is
central to the process. The units activated carbon filter offers yet another feature not commonly
found on most appliances. The system is programmed to provide information to the end-users
when if the filters are used up and need replacement. Failure to comply with the machines
notifications will automatically shut it down for mandatory maintenance of the system. The
device is estimated to convert about 10-40% of vapor into potable water depending to the
relative humidity of the area it serves.
Figure 25 - Components and Funtion of the Cloud

Harvesting System
Cloud Harvesting
One of the most innovative methods for a sustainable building for high-rise structures is
to harvest fresh water from the existing environment specifically clouds. Clouds and fogs can
occur in areas with low humidity as the air will be supersaturated thereby presenting conditions
favorable for its formation. Cloud and fog collectors are a simple concept. The surface of fog
collectors is usually made of fine-mesh nylon or polypropylene netting (e.g., shade cloth). It
should be made of a relatively fine material that loses heat rapidly, with a black UV-stabilized
fabric normally preferred. The fabric should shed its moisture load as rapidly as possible. To

environment.
more effectively shed the water, vertical fibers are most important than horizontal. The
efficiency of various mesh densities was tested. The fog collectors equipped with Raschel
netting, with 35-45 percent coverage, mounted in double layer extracts, provided about 30-40
percent of the water from the fog passing through the collection netting. Other materials used
with good results are air conditioning filter material and aluminum shade mesh. The storage
cistern should be sized to provide at least 50% of the expected maximum daily volume of water
consumed. But because the occurrence of fog is not perfectly predictable from day to day, it
may be necessary to store additional water to meet demands on days when no fog water is
collected. Water quality can best be assured by maintaining the cleanliness of the system.
Occasional purification of water in the storage tanks may be necessary if the water is used for
drinking without first boiling. The normal contamination source could be expected to come from
bird or rodent residue. Heavy metal contamination, commonly caused by proximity to industrial
or agricultural sites, is best avoided by judicious selection of the fog-collecting site.
Advantages of a Fog/ Cloud Harvesting System
A fog collection system can be easily built or assembled on-site. Installation and connection of
the collection panels is quick and simple. Assembly is not labor intensive and requires little
skill. Some advantages are as follows:
No energy is needed to operate the system or transport the water
Maintenance and repair requirements are generally minimal
Capital investment and other costs are low in comparison with those of conventional
sources of potable water used, especially in mountainous regions
It has the potential to create viable communities in inhospitable environments and to

improve the quality of life for people in mountainous rural communities

environment.
The water quality is better than from existing water sources used for agriculture and
domestic purposes
Figure 26 - Greywater Recycling System
Grey Water Utilization/ Rainwater Harvesting
Grey and rain water (water from taking shower, rain water, etc.) collection and treatment
system will be provided as support water usage sources for the facility, usage mainly for flushing
toilet, watering plants, and various amenities provided that shall require the use of water; these
resources are collected through a rain water cistern and grey water storage. These strategies
will be done to lessen water consumption and maintain sustainability in water usage.
The re-use of grey and polluted water proves great risks concerning sanitary and health
issue, thus an effective and established water filtration system is to be used to eliminate harmful
agents situated in these water sources and enable them to be used especially in irrigation.
Two basic systems for grey water pre-treatment are the aerobic and the anaerobicaerobic system. The aerobic system uses a filtration system before passing the water through a
planter bed for biological removal of chemicals. The anaerobic-aerobic system uses a threestage septic tank to remove sludge and grease followed by a sand-bed system, allowing the
water to transition from anaerobic to aerobic conditions before passing it to the planter bed. The
latter is generally used when food wastes are present in the grey water. Water exiting the
planter bed is of almost potable quality. The facility will utilize the anaerobic-aerobic filtration

environment.
process, this is because wider range of grey and polluted water are to be collected and the
amount of wastes along them are also unpredictable in terms of substance, thus a more
thorough filtration is needed. Through this solution, water flushed in the toilet and water used for
cleaning will not be tapped from the main water source, but will be using the water treated by
the facility. The repercussion of this system will significantly reduce the consumption of large
amount of water.
Low-Energy Water Treatment
The concept of net-zero water buildings involves treating and re-using all wastewater
with their own water treatment units in the building. It is the projects paramount goal to be able
to do this for a single stand-alone building with a low-energy and low-emission water-treatment
system.The treatment process involves separating liquids from solids and several stages of
treatment. The proposed system will destroy all organic, including pharmaceuticals, by oxidizing
them to carbon dioxide, removing all metals, which arent typically an issue with municipal
wastewater. One motivation for this project is to see if all this procedures can be accomplished
without requiring considerable amount of energy. It is stated that potable water and wastewater
conveyance costs consumers four times the amount of energy moving back and forth from
central plants than treating at centralized treatment plants additionally, the development of lowenergy, single-building treatment plants, coupled with avoidance of conveyance energy, offers
the prospect of equivalent treatment and lower emissions at equivalent cost.
Figure 27 - Wastewater
Recycling Diagram

environment.
All of the greywater from the building's sinks, laundry, toilets, dishwasher, bathrooms and
a kitchen will go to a system that treats the water to drinking-water quality standards. The
students will use the treated water for everything but drinking and cooking. Technologies such
as reverse osmosis or infrared distillation that remove ions or natural minerals in the water use
too much energy, so, the system will not remove them. It will produce mineral water that meets
drinking water standards and would be excellent for irrigation. To prevent minerals from
accumulating to concentrations that are too high, they will recycle 80% of the water and dispose
up to 20% of the treated water to the sewer, and use rainwater collected from cisterns to make
up the difference. Standards for the net-zero water buildings would have no sewer. Because
there are no current regulations for potable water reuse, discharging to the sewer made
regulatory permission easier for this research project.
The treatment system adds:
Calcium carbonate, a beneficial mineral
Natural ozone and hydrogen peroxide, which decomposes to oxygen and water as part
of the oxidation and disinfection process
Ethanol as a carbon source, which aids bacteria nitrogen conversion
Part of the research is to determine whether the wastewater in the treatment system is
alkaline and organic-rich enough so carbonate and organic carbon may not be needed.
6.5.2 Sanitary Drainage
Figure 28 - Three Chamber Septic Tank

environment.
Sanitary
drainage
carries bodily and
other
wastes
from the plumbing fixtures through the sewer. There is an existing drainage line in the proposed
site thus an independent one shall be tapped to this main line for sanitation purposes. Sanitary
draining piping inside the building shall be linked to a system of vent piping, to keep the
pressures in all sections of the drainage piping equal. This prevents the siphoning or blowing of
water in the traps, which in turn prevents the harmful sewer gases, which form a sewage
material decomposes, from entering the building.
Three-chamber septic tank shall be used; the scale of which it should be constructed will
be based on the number of building functions and proponents. This kind of septic tank has a
natural purifying feature before water from the three-chambered septic tank can be disposed off
in drainage, canals, or waterways. Septic tanks with partial biological processes are used to
extract floating and removable substances. as wastewater passes through the system, this
allows the microorganisms that have emerged in the sludge to effect partial breakdown of the
organic waste, in addition to pure mechanical purification (partial biological purification).Black
water shall also be utilized for black water treatment for biogas and water purification processes
(seen in waste management system).
6.5.3 Storm Drainage
Figure 29 - Typical rainwater collection system for the

Residential Areas

environment.
The facility will feature a rain water harvesting system where storm water are collected
from the roof and water collecting pools/funnels down the storm drainage system to catch
basins going to rain water cistern and is subject to non-potable utilization, the cistern will be
provided with an over flow pipe going out the main drainage system. As for areas not included in
the rain water harvesting system, such as sidewalks, open areas, etc. rain water run-offs will be
directed by on-site canals to the main canals going out on the main drainage line.
6.5.3.1 Grey Water Utilization/ Rainwater Harvesting
Grey and rain water (water from taking shower, rain water, etc.) collection and treatment
system will be provided as support water usage sources for the facility, usage mainly for flushing
toilet, watering plants, and various amenities provided that shall require the use of water; these
resources are collected through a rain water cistern and grey water storage. These strategies
will be done to lessen water consumption and maintain sustainability in water usage.
The re-use of grey and polluted water proves great risks concerning sanitary and health
issue, thus an effective and established water filtration system is to be used to eliminate harmful
agents situated in these water sources and enable them to be used especially in irrigation.

environment.
Two basic systems for grey water pre-treatment are the aerobic and the anaerobicaerobic system. The aerobic system uses a filtration system before passing the water through a
planter bed for biological removal of chemicals. The anaerobic-aerobic system uses a threestage septic tank to remove sludge and grease followed by a sand-bed system, allowing the
water to transition from anaerobic to aerobic conditions before passing it to the planter bed. The
latter is generally used when food wastes are present in the grey water. Water exiting the
planter bed is of almost potable quality. The facility will utilize the anaerobic-aerobic filtration
process, this is because wider range of grey and polluted water are to be collected and the
amount of wastes along them are also unpredictable in terms of substance, thus a more
thorough filtration is needed. Through this solution, water flushed in the toilet and water used for
cleaning will not be tapped from the main water source, but will be using the water treated by
the facility. The repercussion of this system will significantly reduce the consumption of large
amount of water.
6.6 Waste Management System
Solid waste management system refers to the collection transportation, processing,

recycling, disposal, and monitoring of waste materials. It
relates to materials produced by human activities of the
facility including production processes wastes, this system is
generally essential and to be undertaken to reduce their
effect on health, both for first hand facility users and the
community, moreover the environment, to produce an
environmentally and socially responsive development this
system shall be highly considered.
Figure 30 - Typical Garbage

Chute
Collection of solid waste will be done through garbage

posts where guests, office and service staffs can dispose of
their garbage or solid waste. Garbage rooms shall be provided for service chutes which are
located at the facilitys different floor levels, including the residential units; chutes are the most

environment.
efficient way of transporting these wastes down the garbage disposal unit considering the height
of the development. Staffs for garbage collection will be assigned to administer the process
inside a garbage compactor. Separate containers are provided for large dry items, bins for food
waste will also be provided. Space for recyclable containers should also be considered.
Furthermore, biodegradable materials will be disposed separately as it can be compiled and be
sold as an organic fertilizer.
Black Water Treatment
Black water outputs from water closets shall be treated in order to utilize biogas and be
converted into electricity. Black water is passed through an anaerobic digester which breaks
down its components and nutrients as organic fertilizers with methane and carbon dioxide as
additional by-products of the process. The effluent from the reactor is then passed through a
micropore filter to prepare it for UV radiation/Ozone treatment that removes any remaining
pathogens.
6.7 Landscape Systems
Landscaping is both science and art, and requires good observation and design skills;
therefore, the designer must understand the elements of nature and construction, to blend them
accordingly to create a harmonious built environment located on high altitudes.
6.7.1 Plantscaping
Plantscaping will enhance the environment and the experience of the place. The
branches of the trees should be trimmed up to seven feet above the ground to allow for
vehicular parking, walking and landscape maintenance. Avoidance or planting of large trunk
trees should be planted far away from concrete and other access roads. Proper selection and
placement of trees will minimize potential damage by cars, delivery trucks, heavy equipment,
street improvement project, and abuse from people and animals. Using a variety of species,
definitely bamboo shoots will not only offer contrasts of texture, height, color and general visual
effect, but also lessen the maintenance surrounding its area.

environment.
The proposed development shall make use of the bamboo deliberately. It is because
bamboo plants not only require minimal lot space but also provides up to 35% more oxygen
than common vegetations. Bamboo provides adequate shade and shadows in the surrounding
area without looking too heavy for the contrast in the hardscape background. The objective of
the projects landscaped areas is to convey a sense of nature amidst the urban jungle and help
improve the quality of life for the users. The designers has chooses diversified species of plants
and flora to be used for the vegetation within the tropical climate. Listed below are the following:
PLANTSCAPES

environment.
Triangular Palm
Coconut
Bamboo
Santan
6.7.2.
Kulitis
Red Ginger
Bouganvilla
Ferns
Accessibility

environment.
The accessibility for the proposed project shall consist mainly of pedestrian pathways.
The development shall take into account the accessibility between structures through
establishment of walkways with ramps and handrails for the end-users particularly physically
challenged users. Pedestrian access should be strictly separated from vehicular access to avoid
accidents and casualties. Accessibility within the site is an important factor to come up with a
good design. Ramps, pedestrian lanes and proper signage are provided for the convenience of
the users. There should be visible signage for the disabled and special facilities to
accommodate them. Rubber floorings are also provided in order to prevent accidents and for
the convenience of blind users. Covered walkways and waiting sheds are to be provided in
order to separate pedestrians from vehicular circulation. The roads should have direct entry and
exit points from the facility and circulatory roads are unobstructed.
Figure 31 - Dropped Curbs intended for

wheelchairs and other physically challenged
individuals
The existing sidewalk around the site shall be developed and make it pedestrian and
disabled person friendly. Also, sidewalks that can be seen and located outside and around
buildings should have dropped curbs used as a minimum requirement of BP 344. To benefit
blind users, walkways will be of straight routes and right angle turns, all passageways and

environment.
routes are omitted with possible obstructions that may be hazardous to users, rails will also be
provided to guide these users to access points.
Parking areas for the disabled are provided with enough space for a person to transfer to
a wheelchair from a vehicle (BP344). These parking spaces will be located at least near the
location of the entrances of the facility to provide an easy access. Dropped curb and curb cutouts are again provided in this area.
All vertical access and routes including main building entrances will be provided with
ramps as manual access for the disabled, moreover the main building (farm) will be designed
that all floors are connected by ramps as slowly ascending up the tower; this will give way to
maximized accessibility and distribution of water resources through gravity.
6.7.3 Way-finding
Figure 32 - Way-finding Templates and components
Pathways

environment.
Path walks from one to another will have a direct route system provided with directional
signage and rails especially when elevated, amore articulated path will be provided
through architectural features as covered walks, colonnade, and landscapes or plant
strips.
Pathways shall be unobstructed and heading directly to the access point with the most
efficient route possible to avoid unnecessary or wrong accessing of spaces especially
the prohibited ones.
Signage
Directional and information sign and notices shall be located at points conveniently seen
by any person even those on wheelchairs.
Signs should be easy to understand and highly recognizable especially in the facilitys
public and open areas.
Signs on rooms, walls, and other spaces will also be provided in relation location and
function of the specified space inside the sites vicinity. Including warnings and
prohibitions on private spaces.
International symbols like telephone area, fire exits, taxi waiting area, private cars
waiting area, labels on public rooms especially in toilets, will all be included.
Lighted emergency signs such as fire exit signs and emergency path lights shall be
provided powered by generators. Use of photoluminescent (glow-in-the dark) signs and
path articulation is another option.
Textured Surfaces for sight-impaired persons
All walkways and paths should be provided with slip-free material.

environment.
Pavement markings shall be provided to delineate parking spaces for the handicapped
Textured flooring material should also be provided as guide walkway for the blind.
In public and outdoor spaces, planters should be defined by dwarf walls which will
provide a different texture from the path walks, this will guide the visually impaired as to
where the path is.
CHAPTER 7 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN FRAMEWORK

In this chapter, the proponent will present the conceptualized design of the prposed
project with regards to the guiding principles of the concepts and philosophies embodying the
unbounded ideas and creativity of architecture, as a science and as well as an art. The
proponent must identify the ideas and concepts that will be integrated in the proposed projects
design evolution.
7.1 Design Philosophy
The heart of ecological design is not sustainability or efficiency; It is the
embodiment of animating spirit, the soul of the living world, as embodied in each of us
waiting to be reborn and expressed in us in what we design.
-Sym Van Der Ryn
Everything around us came from nature, everything that we are benefiting from is also
from nature, and at its sense nature is the source of our daily sustenance, in our continual seek
for human convenience and with the intervention of modern technology, we slowly depleted and
destroyed our living environment, now, alleviating the negative effects of what weve done, we
now seek to be able to sustain ourselves and save what is left of our resources. Todays

environment.
development help enables us not only to a environmental responsiveness and sustainability,
but also opens new opportunities for sustainable design more than just reducing environmental
impact of the development; it is reestablishment of the relationship between humans and nature.
Particularly not just sustaining what we can benefit off, but restoring and giving back equally
what we have took and benefit from nature, a complete mutual relationship of men and the
environment.
The project will be an image and integral part of nature itself moreover, functioning as it
is. The proposed project will use architecture to go back to where everything started, it is to take
nature as inspiration and mimic its function and beauty, benefiting the society and restoring
nature as its own kind. As how nature responds to human needs, the facility feeds the society
just as its prime goal. It is to educate the society to the importance and value of the
environment; it will exhibit how mens habitation and activities can respond to nature in a
mutually beneficial state. It is to cleanse our polluted aerial and aqueous environments through
its systems; benefit the environment itself through preservation, development, and care of its
own kind, the project aims to produce a living structure, a part of nature, and an icon of men and
natures mutual co-existence.
7.2 Design Concept
The proponents came up with the concept that allows sound union of two subjects by
establishing mutual links among these things.
The idea is to be able to connect humans with the natural environment by
integrating architecture with nature, thereby exhibiting its potential in the symbiotic
relationship between man and natures co-existence. Utilizing these benefits for a
sustainable approach renders low impact equally beneficial for both man and the
existing environment.
The holistic approach incorporates environmental concerns into the design process thus
the formulation of more nature-sensitive concepts can be achieved. Providing a development
that contributes contributes to human needs while being able to enhance the future of the
planet. These two disciplines concerning the selected location must be address properly
through effective and efficient designs that maximized the potential energy from elements.

environment.
7.3 Minor Concepts

The project will be an image and integral part of nature itself moreover,
functioning as it is. The proposed project will use architecture to go back to where everything
started, it is to take nature as inspiration and mimic its function and beauty, benefiting the
society and restoring nature as its own kind. As how nature responds to human needs, the
facility feeds the society just as its prime goal, It is to educate the society to the importance and
value of the environment, it will exhibit how mens habitation can respond to nature in a mutually
beneficial state (bioclimatically), It is to cleanse our polluted air and waters through its systems;
benefit the environment itself through preservation, development, and care of its own kind, the
project aims to produce a living structure, a part of nature, and an icon of men and natures
mutual co-existence.
7.3.1 Form Concept
The structural configuration of the development wall
inspired and derived from the molecular composition of water as
it passes through its phases of evaporation and condensation.
Coherence between the oxygen and hydrogen molecules is
illustrated on the basis of visual texture and spatial organization.
The form literally integrates the process of natural water
purification in its configuration. The solid part of the building
faade connotes the aqueous state of water while the hollowlouvered section represents the gaseous state. The Structure
Figure 33 - Conceptual
Water Molecule Diagram
itself portrays the natural cycle by which water undergoes in the

environment.

environment.
7.3.2 Function
Figure 34 - Conceptual massing for the

development
Concept
The development aims to contribute greatly to the ever increasing demand for clean
water for daily use among the users of the building. The structures will not only house
necessary office and residential spaces but shall administer water purification systems all
throughout the buildings. It will also serve as a sustainability awareness backdrop the
proponents thereby creating a controlled community where healthy lifestyles and sustainable
practices can be done while educating the users of the climate changes that the planet is
engaging. Alternatively, it will function as a renewable energy provider instead of deliberately
consuming natural resources in the existing environment. Conglomeration of diversified spaces
in a single development inhibits a community where various facilities can be accessed from a
single point to another without the need for further transportation requirements.
7.3.3. Time Concept
The proposed development shall be built upon the basic principles of sustainable,
calamity-resilient designs considering the previous effects of drastic climate change in the local
surrounding. The building shall be designed to adapt to environmental factors that provides
demarcations for the design such as strong winds, heavy rains and earthquakes. Inevitably, the
development may serve as a landmark in the vicinity thereby partaking a big role in the societal
aspects of the community.
7.3.4 Economy Concept
The proposed high-rise structure aims to provide cost-effective development that utilizes
robust spaces for diversified functions. Integrating various environmental systems in the
buildings maximizes the amount of energy acquired from renewable sources such as solar and
wind power which Is abundant for that type of development. Product recycling will be a

environment.
significant factor that can help offset monthly water and electricity bills by the company and
residential areas. All systems mentioned in the earlier chapters are categorized as economic
and sustainable for the urban landscape. Initial cost for these systems might be reasonable but
looking at the bigger perspective, these systems can contribute greatly for the energy cost
cutting requirements for work and play.
7.4 Style Guiding Principles
The proponent aims to synthesize design
influences that will enable the development to be
not only structurally sound but aesthetically
acceptable as well. The structures character and
concept translation will be based upon the given
design insights of the researcher.
Figure 35 - Water Purification

Skyscraper in Jakarta
The Water Purification Skyscraper located in Jakarta provides an example of a vertical

development that optimizes its high altitude advantages to administer cleansing of polluted
water from the existing environment. It also shows some of the modern approach for these type
of development in other countries across the globe.
Figure 36 - Ken Yeang's Biomimicry Design
A paragon of outdoor elements interconnected with the interiors, Ken Yeangs approach
to modern biomimicry designs help augment the connection between man and nature in the
urban setting.
Figure 37 - Modular Building Approach

environment.
Modular approach for these types of development, on the contrary, provide flexible and
versatility in the context of space planning. It provides the users with robust spaces for various
activities required in the office, commercial and residential areas.
Figure 38 - Skyscrapers as landmarks
Stated as one of the concepts for the design, the proposed development shall consist of
buildings aesthetically acceptable for landmarks. Even with just providing luscious vegetations
in a vertical advancement help establish a concrete statement of grandeur and luxury for the
metropolitan setting.
7.4.1 Architectural Style Details to be Adopted
Based on the conducted research by the proponents, various building systems and
architectural styles will be integrated into the design of the development. These are ideas and
systems that the researcher deems fit and suitable for the proposed structures.

environment.
Figure 39 - Sun Shading Devices
Sun Breakers
or slanted eaves
or panels which provide shade from the tropical sun. the panels are especially angled to block
extreme heat during mid-day to afternoon sun, while allowing light penetration on early morning
sun, probable application are for the office spaces and training facility window canopies.
Figure 40 - Horizontal Louvers
Louvers shade the transparent facet of the building while allowing natural light and visual
accessibility from the inside going out. Moreover gives more character and detail to the
structure. Applicable on office and training facility facades.
Composite Aluminum
Figure 41 - Composite Aluminum

Panels
Panels are acoustical and
insulating in features it is pre-painted with an easily maintainable and self cleaning material, that
can be cleaned even with rain alone and maintains an attractive and highly presentable facade.

environment.
These panels will be used in non glass faade of the structures, especially the museum
building.
Figure 42 - Vertical Gardens
Green Walls and vertical gardens utilizes plants and greeneries on facade treatment,
either through hanging plant boxes and horizontal trellises that lets the plants cling down the
facade or by vertically planting the facade with grid planting boxes or panels, this system will
give accent to the building, moreover gives way for larger amount of green spaces as well as for
passive cooling and sun shading.
Chapter 8 MANNER OF FINANCING

In this portion of the research it will discuss the economical factor of the proposed design
that was discus and mentioned through the research. The discussion on this part of the
research, a detail study of financial requirement of the project can be conceptually met in a
manner that it can be adopted in reality.
8.1. Source of Founding
Since the proposal is privately own by the partnership of the Sykes Asia Philippines and
Robinson Land Corporation both will be sole source of the project founding.
8.1.2. Robinsons Land Corporation

environment.
Robinsons Land Corporation (RLC), one of the Philippines' leading real estate
companies, is involved in the development and operation of shopping malls and hotels,
and is also one of the country's most reputable developers of mixed-use properties,
office buildings, residential condominiums, as well as land and residential housing
developments, including socialized housing projects located in key cities and other urban
areas nationwide.
8.1.3. Sykes Asia Philippines
Sykes Philippines specializes in providing excellent customer service, technical

support service and support office functions. More than just a company but a
family, Sykes Asia Philippines not only focuses on its commitment to its clients but to its
people as well as to the community. Sykes Philippines corporate social responsibility
particularly in helping underprivileged children gain access to education forms a core
part of its operations. Sykes Asia Philippines supports its people, which it considers as
its greatest asset. The best way to serve others is to ensure that the best service also is
given to its human service providers.
8.2. Probable Construction Cost
8.2.1. Land Acquisition
The land for the proposal is privately own by the Fil- Invest Corporation has a total land
area of 29, 685 sq. meters with an estimated cost of P207, 795, 000. According to City
Development Plan of City Hall of Muntinlupa is classified as C-1 Commercial Zone according to
the Land use Zoning.
Lot Area
29,685 sq. meters
Cost Per square Meter
P52, 000
Lot Value
P1, 543, 620, 000.00

environment.
8.2.2. Building Cost
The total probable construction cost of the whole project will be based on the proponent
of the relationship of the two (indirectly proportional) the approximate floor area and the cost per
square meter of a first class development. The construction cost per square meter may range
until P26, 000.
Approximate Total Floor Area

Cost Per Square Meter (1st
Class Development)
Initial Probable Cost
3% Structural Upgrade
Probable Construction Cost
15,971.13
P26,000
P415, 249, 380
+ P 12, 457, 482.00
P427, 706, 862
8.2.3. Architects Fee
According to UAP Doc. 202 Architects Regular Design Services and based on the
National Building Code Rule VII must pay 8% of the total Probable Construction Cost P427,
706, 862.

8% (Architects Fee)
Architects Fee
P427, 706, 862

8%
P34, 216, 550.00
8.2.4. Land Development Construction Cost
The land use development construction cost is approximately 30% of the probable
construction cost. This development may include all aspect that may help to execute the
planned design of the site.

30% of the Probable Construction Cost
Land Development Construction Cost
P427, 706, 862

X 30%
P128, 312, 059.00

environment.
8.2.5. Furnishing and Equipment
Majority of the expected user will be coming from high end, all furnishing that will be
used should be first class such technologies for safety and securities, equipment and etc.
Furnishing Equipment will be ranging from 10%-15% of the total probable construction cost.

10% of the Probable Construction Cost
Furnishing and Equipment Cost
P427, 706, 862

X10%
P42, 770, 686.20
Total Project Cost
Land Acquisition
Building Cost
Architects Fee
Land Development Construction Cost
Furnishing and Equipment
Total Project Cost
P1, 543, 620, 000.00

P427, 706, 862
P34, 216, 550.00
P128, 312, 059.00
P42, 770, 686.20
P1, 706, 148, 609.00
8.3. Return of Investment / Maintenance Sustainability
8.3.1. Residential Income
The residential area will be composed of 300 rooms which consist of 100 rooms for
bachelor room, 100 single rooms and 100 for double bedroom. The computation will be based
on the monthly payment of the occupants monthly amortisation which will be sum annually per
room classification. Where P440, 000.00 will be accumulated per floor and the proposal will
consist of 25 dedicated for the residential area and three towers therefore the total income will
be P33, 000, 000.00 annually.
Residential Type
Bachelor/
Bachelorette Pad
Single Room
Double Bedroom
No. of Units
4/ floor
Monthly Amortisation
P20, 000.00
Annual Income
P80, 000.00
4/ floor
4/ floor
P40, 000.00
P50, 000.00
P160, 000.00
P200, 000.00

environment.
Total 12 per floor
P110, 000.00
P440, 000.00
8.3.2. BPO Income
The annual growth of the BPO ranges from 10%-15% globally specially last year the
BPO business generated an income of P45, 000, 000.00 this may vary based on the foreign
exchange . This number are just forecast by the financial experts in the industry.
BPO income at 2012

BPO income at 2013
P800, 000, 000.00

P880, 000, 000.00
8.3.3. Rental Space
Space
Restaurants
Institutional
No.
6
4
Rent per Month

P70, 000.00
P150, 000.00
Total per Annum

P5, 040, 000.00
P7, 200, 000.00
8.3.4. Total Annual Revenue
Residential Income
BPO Income
Rental Space
Total Annual Revenue
8.3.5. Operation Cost
Employees wages
33,000,000.00
880,000,000.00
7,200,000.00
920,200,000.00

environment.
General Manager
40,000.00
Manager
35,000.00
Manager
14
30,000.00
Assistant Manager
14
25,000.00
Secretary
20,000.00
Accountant
24,000.00
Engineer
24,000.00
BPO Agents
200
5,400,000.00
Staff/Clerk
140
18,000.00
Assistant General
67,392,000.0
Total
Maintenance Cost
Maintenance is 15% of the Annual Revenue of the development.
Maintenance
Annual Revenue
Total
0.15
920,200,000.00
138030000
Annual Tax
Tax is 25% of the Annual Revenue of the development.
Tax
0.25

environment.
Annual Revenue
Total
920,200,000.00
230050000
Total Operational Cost
Employees wage
Maintenance
Tax
67,392,000.00
138030000
230050000
435,472,000.00
Total Net Income per Annum
Total Annual Revenue
920,200,000.00

Total Net Per Annum
435,472,000.00
484,728,000.00
Return of Investment
Building Construction
1,706,148,609.0
Cost
Total Net Per Annum
Payback period
0
484,728,000.00
3.5 Years
CHAPTER 9: FINDINGS

environment.
The biggest problem our country is facing today, especially in urban areas like Metro
Manila, is the unending expanding growth of population, which also means a greater demand
for job opportunities and also for more spaces and structures that will accommodate the growing
populations daily activities. Efficiently solving these problems all at once is the main goal of the
proposed high-rise mixed-use development. It is found that while mid-rise and low-rise
developments can also resolve the problem of alarming decreasing rate of the available land for
residences in our country alongside the overpopulation issue, if theyre to house commercial
and office spaces to solve the high rate of unemployment which is also an effect cause by
overpopulation, therell be no balance between the percentages of the area provided for
different uses, e.g. if the area for commercial zones increase, therell be a need to decrease the
area for the other zones because of the height limit. But in high-rise buildings, these problems
can be solved in one go.
In addition to the problems our country currently face when it comes to overpopulation
and the problems caused by it, theres also the never-ending environmental problem. A lot of
recent high-rise developments from all over the world are integrated with innovative green
technologies and strategies as an aid to the resolution of this environmental issue, taking
advantage of the developments large scope. Because of high-rise developments larger total
gross area compare with other buildings, the positive effect to the environment of the
incorporated green technologies and strategies is also in a larger scale. While such mind-set is
observably not with most of the developers of high-rise buildings in our country currently, with
this proposal, hopefully, itll change and be an eye-opener not only to developers and designers
but also to the public.
CHAPTER 10 RECOMMENDATION

environment.
Its stated earlier that one of the common problems in most of the city is the continuing
inflating growth of the population resulting to the greater demand on jobs, opportunities,
business and investment. Plus, the constant expanding of population growth requires more
spaces and structures that will accommodate their daily activities like dwelling, socializing,
buying and trading and the like activities that are ought for more land space. Furthermore, high
rise with mixed use facility developments are of great necessities. This study seeks for a
development that combines different uses yet just conveniently consumptions of a piece of land
space and at the same time a development that brings vitality to the City, adds life and safety to
our streets and opens up opportunities which can be readily accessed by more residents,
workers, students and visitors.
Mixed use developments at a high-rise urban scale can foster social cohesion, can
highlight cultural values and can generate significant environmental benefits. For investors and
developers, high-rise mixed use projects can bring higher yields, spread risks, generate
synergies between complementary tenants and attract potential purchasers from a wider variety
of market sectors.
Mixed use development provides new and innovative designs which incorporate
emerging trends and approaches that create an innovative balance between ranges of uses and
provides set of principles that will generate robust, sustainable, users-friendly and versatile
environments.
In line with this, the use of modern green technologies has been rapidly growing which
promotes the preservation of left natural resources as well as maximizing the use of them by reusing the already-used. Implementing such discoveries and mechanization will eliminate all
discharges to land, water or air that are a threat to planetary, human, animal or plant health.
CHAPTER 11 - BIBLIOGRAPHY

environment.
Thyssenkrupp Elevator Architecture Award Tower X by Andritsos Architect Internional;

(http://architizer.com/projects/thyssenkrupp-elevator-architecture-award-tower-
x/media/93788/)
KONEs carbon-fiber hoisting technology is among the breakthroughs named 2013
Innovation Award winners by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat by CTBUH
and BD+C Staff, July 9, 2013; (http://www.bdcnetwork.com/5-innovations-high-rise-
building-design)
Vertical
Prison
by
Malaysian
Designers;
2010;
(http://paraclouddesigner.blogspot.com/2012/03/cuoc-thi-thiet-ke-nha-choc-troi2010.html)
National Non-Food Crops Centre. "NNFCC Renewable Fuels and Energy Factsheet:
Anaerobic Digestion", Retrieved on 2011-02-16
Biogas & Engines, www.clarke-energy.com, Accessed 21.11.11
"Biomethane fueled vehicles the carbon neutral option" Claverton Energy Conference,
24 October 2009, Bath, UK
State Energy Conservation Office (Texas). "Biomass Energy: Manure for Fuel.", 23 April
2009. Web. 3 October 2009.
Gupta, Sujata (6 November 2010). "Bio gas comes in from the cold". New
Scientist (London: Sunita Harrington). p. 14. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
"Biogas - Bioenergy Association of New Zealand (BANZ)". Bioenergy.org.nz. 29

November 2006. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
Safety Page, Beginners Guide to Biogas, www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas. Retrieved

22.10.07.
Basic Information on Biogas, www.kolumbus.fi. Retrieved 2.11.07.

environment.
The Net Zero Water Dorm by Debbie Sniderman, ASME Org.; September 2012;
(https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/energy/the-net-zero-water-dorm)
anonimous, T-Zed, interview by Ikuyo Kikusawa. About the living environment in the T-
Zed campus (January 2009).

Ariff, Mohamed. APEC and Development Co-operation . Pasir Panjang, Singapore:
Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1998.

Ayres, Robert U. Economic growth: politically necessary but not environmentally friendly.
Fontainebleau, France: INSEAD, 1995.
Camacho Jr., Jose V., and Agham C. Cuevas. The Dynamics of Philippines-Japan
Economic
Cooperation: The Case of Japan's ODA in the Philippines. Discussion Paper Series
No.2004-35, Makati City: Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2004.

Miami.com
Grand Hyatt Metro Center Facts by ARUP, 2012;
(http://www.arup.com/Projects/Grand_Hyatt_Metrocenter/Facts.aspx)
www.amwater.com.

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ZERO WASTE WATER EDIFICE: A

Building that promote nature

1.1.Background of Alabang, Muntinlupa City

1.2.Background of High Rise Building in the Philippines

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1.4.1. Sub Problems

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What concepts should be used to support the objectives on formulating the

1.5. Significance of the Study

The development aims to achieve a sensitivity to the environment,

1.6.Goals and Objectives of the Study

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Objectives of the Study

center of sustainability in Alabang, Muntinlupa City and also to the country.

community that lessen it disturbance to the environment.

1.7. Scopes and Delimitations of the Study

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When it comes to residential development, it is found that medium-rise buildings are

The continues exasperation of water in the country,

ZERO WASTE WATER EDIFICE: A

Up to 58 percent of groundwater sampled is contaminated with coliform and needs

Approximately 31 percent of illness monitored for a five-year period were caused by

1.9. Definition of Terms

4. Mixed- Use Development

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a liquid that is suitable for drinking.

Encompasses all living and non-living things

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CHAPTER 2: SYSTEM OF RESEARCH AND DATA

2.1. Organization of Research Undertaking

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2.1. Program of Activities

2.1.1. Identification of the Problem

2.1.2. Identification of Sources of Information

2.1.3 Data Gathering

napo akong maisp

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and it will help to guide on further developing of the study.

studies that can be help in improving the study.

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2.1.6. Subject Investigation

After carefully interpreting and analysing the gathered data, making a

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CHAPTER 3 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

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Net zero water dorm

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The treatment system adds:

Calcium carbonate, a beneficial mineral

of the oxidation and disinfection process

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Nevertheless, the Applied Water

THE SYSTEM involves:

Furthermore, the wastewater reuse system is

out of treatment system

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5) An ozone generator removes any traces of color and remaining pathogens.

Ozone and ultraviolet light

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ZERO WASTE WATER EDIFICE: A