Percentage Part -1

Rule : If the sides of a triangle, rectangle, square, circle any two dimensional figure are increased by x
%, its area is increased by

Rule : If one side is taken x % in excess and the other y % in deficit. The % error in area will be ( x - y x y / 100 ) in excess or deficit according to the + ve or - ve sign.

Ex. If the one side of a rectangle is take in 10 % in excess while other taken as in 5 % deficit. Find the
error percentage in area calculated in from the measurment.
Solution : % error = 10 - 5 - (10 * 5 / 100 ) = 5 - 1/ 2 = 9/ 2 % in excess

Rule : A student scores p % in an examination, fail by x marks, while other student scores q % of
marks and gets y marks more than the minimum pass marks. Then the maximum pass marks for the
examination are :

Ex. A student scores 30 % and fail by 25 marks , while other candidate who scores 55 % marks, gets
30 marks more than the minimum passed marks. Find the maximum passed marks for the
examination.
Solution : here x = 25 , p = 30 % , y = 30 , q = 55 %

Rule : In an examination x % failed in Hindi and y % failed in Science, If z % of students failed in both
the subjects, the percentage of students who passed in both the subjects will be : 100 - ( x - y - z )
Proof :
% of students failed in Hindi = ( x - z ) %
% of students failed in Science = ( y - z ) %
% of students failed in both sujects = z %
So % of students passed in both the subject = 100 - [ ( x - z ) + ( y - z ) - z ] = 100 - [ x + y + z ]

Ex. In an examination 35 % students failed in English, 25 % students failed in hindi and 10 % failed in
both the subjects then find the % of students who passed in both the subjects.
Solution : 100 - ( 35 + 25 + 10 ) = 50 %

Ex. There are 600 boys in a hostel. Each plays either hockey or football or both. If 75 % play hockey
and 45 % play football, How many play both ?
Solution : Let boys playing hockey be denoted by A and boys playing football be denoted by B then
their number be n(A) and n(B)

so, 120 students plays both games

Profit and Loss Part 1:

Rule :
Profit = Selling Price - Cost Price
Loss = Cost Price - Selling Price
Gain or Loss Percentage = ( Loss or Gain / Cost Price )* 100

Ex. If a man purchases 11 balls for Rs 10 and sells 10 balls for Rs. 11 , How much profit or loss does he
make ?

Solution : Cost price of one ball = 10 / 11 , Selling Price of one ball 11 / 10

So % profit or loss will be = [( 11 / 10 - 10 / 11 ) / 10 / 11 ] * 100 = 21 %

Rule : If a grocer sells its goods at cost price, but uses a false weigt instead of true weight. Then Gain
percentage will be :

Ex. A dealer sell its rice at cost price, but uses its weight 900 gm for kg. Find hig gain percentage.
Solution : % Gain = [ True Weight - False Weight ] / False Weight
Gain % = [ ( 1000 - 900 ) / 900 ] * 100 = 1 * 100 / 9 = 11 . 11 %

Rule : If a shopkeeper sells his goods at x % loss on cost price but uses y gm instead of z gm, then his
% profit or loss is

Rule : If a shopkeeper sells his goods at x % gain on cost price but uses y gm instead of z gm, then his
% profit is

Ex. A seller uses 900 gm in place of one kg to sell his goods. Find his actual % profit or loss When he
sells his articles at 5 % loss on cost price ?

Ex. A seller uses 900 gm in place of one kg to sell his goods. Find his actual % profit or loss When he
sells his articles at 5 % profit on cost price ?