EKT 231

Tutorial 2(ans)

1. For the AM envelope shown below, determine

(a) Peak amplitude of the upper and lower side frequencies.
(b) Peak amplitude of the carrier.
(c) Peak change in the amplitude of the envelope.
(d) Modulation coefficient.
(e) Percent modulation.
Solution:
(a) Eusf = Elsf = 1/4(Vmax + Vmin)
= 9 Vp
(b) Ec

(d) m

= (Vmax + Vmin)

= 18 / 22

= (40 + 4)

= 0.82

= 22 Vp
(c) Em

= Em/Ec

(e) M = m x 100

= (Vmax - Vmin)

= 0.82 x 100

= (40 - 4)

= 82 %

= 18 Vp

7.5V p
2. An AM modulated wave with the output wave changes of
by the following equation.

is represent

Vam ( t ) 20 sin( 2500 103 ) t 3.75 cos( 2510 103 ) t 3.75 cos( 2490 103 ) t
Based on the information given,

m
a) Calculate the modulation coefficient,

and percent modulation.

7 .5
0.375
20

Percent modulation =

100 X 0.375 37.5%

b) Calculate the peak amplitude of the modulated carrier, upper and

lower side frequency voltages.

EKT 231

E c (mod ulated ) Ec (un mod ulated ) 20V p

Eusf Elsf

mEc (0.375)( 20)

3.75V p
2
2

c) Calculate the maximum and minimum amplitude of the envelope.

Vmax E c E m 20 7.5 27.5V p

Vmin E c E m 20 7.5 12.5V p

d) Draw and label the frequency spectrum.

e) Sketch and label the output envelope.

3. A commercial AM station is broadcasting with an average transmitted power

of 10 kW. The modulation index is set at 0.707 for a sinusoidal message
signal. Find the following:
(a)The average power in the carrier component of the transmitted signal.
(b) The transmission power efficiency
Solution:
(a) Pt=Pc (1+ m2/2)
10kW= Pc(1+ (0.707)2/2)
Therefore, Pc= 8kW
(b)Power efficiency is the power at side bands = (10kW- 8kW)=2kW
Therefore, (2kW/10kW)X 100%=20%
4. For an AM DSBFC envelope with a +Vmax = 40 V and +Vmin = 10 V, determine
a)
Unmodulated carrier amplitude.

EKT 231

b)
c)

Peak change in amplitude of the modulated wave.

Coefficient of modulation and percent modulation.

Solution:
(a)

(b)

1
E c= (Vmax+Vmin) =25Vp
2

1
Em= (VmaxVmin) =15Vp
2

5. One input to an AM DSBFC modulator is an 800-kHz carrier with an amplitude

input is a 25-kHz modulating signal whose amplitude is sufficient to produce a
+ 10 V change in the amplitude of the envelope. Determine
(a) Upper and lower side frequencies.
(b) Modulation coefficient and percent modulation.
(c) Maximum and minimum positive peak amplitudes of the envelope.
(d) Draw the output frequency spectrum.
(e) Draw the envelope (label all pertinent voltages).

Solution:
a) fUSF

= fc + fm

fLSF

= 800 + 25

= 800 - 25

= 825

= 775

(b) m

= Em/Ec

= 10 / 40

= 0.25 x 100

= 0.25
(c) V(max) = Ec + Em

= fc - f m

= 25%
V(min)

= Ec - Em

= 40 + 10

= 40 - 10

= 50

= 30

= m x 100

EKT 231

6. An antenna transmits a 10kW power at 95% modulation using conventional

AM. Determine the amount of power saving if Single Side Band (SSB)
transmission is used for the same intelligibility.
Given Pt = 10kW, m = 0.95
Conventional AM:
Pt = Pc + PUSB + PLSB

10 103 Pc

m2
m2
m2
Pc
Pc Pc 1
1.45125Pc
4
4
2

Pc = 6890.61W
SSBSC AM:
m2
m2
0.95 2
PSSBSC PSB
Pc
(6890 .61) 1554 .69 W
4
4
4

Power Saving Pt PSSBSC 10 x10 3 1554 .69 8445 .31W

8445 .31
10 x10 3

x100 % 84 .45 %

% Power Saving =
7. An 800 kHz sinusoidal carrier signal is amplitude-modulated by a 5 kHz audio
signal to produce an AM envelope with maximum and minimum peaks
voltages of 120Vp and 30Vp respectively. The transmitting antenna has an
equivalent resistance of 75. Based on the given information,
a. Determine peak amplitude of the audio, carrier and sidebands
voltages.

Vc

Vmax Vmin
75Vp
2

Vm

Vmax Vmin
45Vp
2

EKT 231

Vusb / lsb

Vm
22 .5Vp
2

b. Calculate the bandwidth of the modulated signal.

BW = 2fm (max) = 2 x 5 kHz = 10 kHz
c. Calculate the power of the carrier signal and total sidebands power.
2

V
Pc c 37.5W
2R

Ptotalsb

m 2 Pc
(0.6 2 )(37.5)

6.75W
2
2

d. Sketch and label the power spectrum of the modulated signal.

8. For an AM Double Side Band Full Carrier (DSBFC) wave with an unmodulated
carrier of 25Vp and a load resistance of 50, determine the unmodulated
carrier power, modulated carrier power, upper and lower sideband powers
and total transmitted power for a modulation index, m = 0.6.
Given Vc = 25Vp and R = 50
2

Pc(unmod) = Pc (mod) =

Vc
252

6.25W
2R 2 50

m2
0.6 2
Pc
(6.25) 0.5625W
4
4

PUSB = PLSB =
Pt = Pc + PUSB + PLSB = 6.25 + 2(0.5625) = 7.375W

EKT 231
9. One input to an AM DSBFC modulator is a 500-kHz carrier with a peak
amplitude of 32 V. The second input is a 12-kHz modulating signal whose
amplitude is sufficient to produce a +14 Vp change in the amplitude of the
envelope. Determine the following:
(a) Upper and lower side frequencies.
(b) Modulation coefficient and percent modulation.
(c) Maximum and minimum amplitudes of the envelope, Then
(d) Draw the output envelope.
(e) Draw the output frequency spectrum.
Solution:
a) fUSF = fc + fm

fLSF

= fc - fm

= (500 + 12) kHz

= (500 12) kHz

= 512 kHz

= 488 kHz

(b) m = Em/Ec

M = m x 100

= 14/32

= 0.4375 x 100

= 0.4375

= 43.75%

(c) Vmax

= Ec + Em

= 32 + 14
= 46 Vp

Vmin = Ec - Em
= 32 - 14
= 18 Vp

10.For the same value given in question 9, determine bandwidth, total power of
the modulated wave, the percentage power saved compare to AM DSB-FC
and draw the power and frequency spectrum for the following:
a. AM DSB-SC
b. AM SSB-FC
c. AM SSB-SC

11.

There are two methods of generating AM Single Side Band (SSB) which
are filtering method and phasing method. Explain in details each of the
method.