NELIA L.

MONTECALVO
PCPGTVSFA
Quarter 3
Lesson: 6
Learning Competency: Prepare electrical / electronic circuits correctly
for connecting/ terminating in accordance with
instruction and worksite procedure.

INFORMATION SHEETS 6.1.4

Connecting/ Terminating Electronic Circuit are prepared for connecting
terminating with instruction and workshop procedure

Components

Pictures

Reminders and Warnings

IC Holders
1
(DIL sockets)

Connect the correct way round

by making sure the notch is at the
correct end.
Do NOT put the ICs (chips) in yet.

2 Resistors

No special precautions are needed

with resistors.

Small value
capacitors
3
(usually less than
1F)

These may be connected either

way round.

Electrolytic
4 capacitors
(1F and greater)

Connect the correct way

round. They will be marked with
a + or - near one lead.

Take care with polystyrene capacitors

because they are easily damaged by
heat.

Connect the correct way

round.

5 Diodes

Take care with germanium diodes (e.g.

OA91) because they are easily damaged
by heat.

6 LEDs

Connect the correct way

round.
The diagram may be labelled a or
+ for anode and k or - for
cathode; yes, it really is k, not c,
for cathode! The cathode is the
short lead and there may be a
slight flat on the body of round
LEDs.

7 Transistors

Connect the correct way

round.
Transistors have 3 'legs' (leads) so
extra care is needed to ensure the
connections are correct.
Easily damaged by heat.

Wire Links
8 between points on
the circuit board.

Use single core wire, this is one

solid wire which is plastic-coated.
single core wire

Battery clips,
buzzers and
9
other parts with
their own wires
Wires to parts off
the circuit board,
including
10 switches, relays,
variable resistor
s and
loudspeakers.

If there is no danger of touching other

parts you can use tinned copper wire,
this has no plastic coating and looks just
like solder but it is stiffer.

Connect the correct way

round.

stranded wire

You should use stranded wire

which is flexible and plasticcoated.
Do not use single core wire because this
will break when it is repeatedly flexed.

ICs (chips)

Connect the correct way round.

Many ICs are static sensitive.
Leave ICs in their antistatic packaging
until you need them, and then earth
your hands by touching a metal water
pipe or window frame before touching
the ICs.
Carefully insert ICs in their holders:
make sure all the pins are lined up
with the socket then push down firmly
with your thumb.

Classifications of Electronic Component

A. Passive devices - A Passive Device is one that contributes no
power gain (amplification) to a circuit or system. It has no control
action and does not require any input other than a signal to
perform its function. In other words, "A component with no
brains!" Examples are Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors.

RESISTOR

This is the most common component in

electronics. It is used mainly to control
current and voltage within the circuit. You
can identify a simple resistor by its simple
cigar shape with a wire lead coming out of
each end. It uses a system of color coded
bands to identify the value of the
component (measured in Ohms)

Capacitors, or "caps", vary in size and

shape - from a small surface mount model
up to a huge electric motor cap the size of
paint can. Whatever the size or shape, the
purpose is the same. It stores electrical
energy in the form of electrostatic charge.
It is charged with a magnetic field and
when that field collapses it produces
current in the opposite direction. Inductors
are used in Alternating Current circuits to
oppose changes in the existing current.

B. Active Devices are components that are capable of controlling

voltages or currents and can create a switching action in the circuit. In
other words, "Devices with smarts!" Examples are Diodes, Transistors and
Integrated circuits.

Diodes are basically a one-way valve for

electrical current. They let it flow in one
direction (from positive to negative) and
not in the other direction. Most diodes are
similar in appearance to a resistor and will
have a painted line on one end showing

the direction or flow (white side is

negative). If the negative side is on the
negative end of the circuit, current will
flow. If the negative is on the positive side
of the circuit no current will flow.

LEDs are simply diodes that emit light of

one form or another. They are used as
indicator devices. Example: LED lit equals
machine on. They come in several sizes
and colors. Some even emit Infrared Light
which cannot be seen by the human eye.
The transistor is possibly the most
important invention of this decade. It
performs two basic functions. 1) It acts as a
switch turning current on and off. 2) It acts
as an amplifier. This makes an output
signal that is a magnified version of the
input signal.
Integrated Circuits, or ICs, are complex
circuits inside one simple package. Silicon
and metals are used to simulate resistors,
capacitors, transistors, etc. It is a space
saving miracle.

Wires and connections

Component

Circuit Symbol

Function of Component

Wire

To pass current very easily from one

part of a circuit to another.

Wires joined

A 'blob' should be drawn where wires

are connected (joined), but it is
sometimes omitted. Wires connected
at 'crossroads' should be staggered
slightly to form two T-junctions, as
shown on the right.

Wires not joi

ned

In complex diagrams it is often

necessary to draw wires crossing even
though they are not connected. I
prefer the 'bridge' symbol shown on
the right because the simple crossing
on the left may be misread as a joint
where you have forgotten to add a
'blob'!

ELECTRONIC SCHEMATIC SYMBOLS

Power Supplies/Source
Compon
ent

Cell

Circuit Symbol

Function of Component
Supplies electrical energy.
The larger terminal (on the left) is
positive (+).
A single cell is often called a battery, but
strictly a battery is two or more cells
joined together.

Battery

Supplies electrical energy. A battery is

more than one cell.
The larger terminal (on the left) is
positive (+).

DC supply

Supplies electrical energy.

DC = Direct Current, always flowing in
one direction.

AC supply

Supplies electrical energy.

AC = Alternating Current, continually
changing direction.

Fuse

A safety device which will 'blow' (melt) if

the current flowing through it exceeds a
specified value.

Transform
er

Two coils of wire linked by an iron core.

Transformers are used to step up
(increase) and step down (decrease) AC
voltages. Energy is transferred between
the coils by the magnetic field in the
core. There is no electrical connection
between the coils.

Earth
(Ground)

A connection to earth. For many

electronic circuits this is the 0V (zero
volts) of the power supply, but for mains
electricity and some radio circuits it
really means the earth. It is also known
as ground.

Switches
Compone
nt

Circuit Symbol

Function of Component

Push Switch
(push-tomake)

A push switch allows current to flow

only when the button is pressed. This
is the switch used to operate a
doorbell.

Push-toBreak
Switch

This type of push switch is normally

closed (on); it is open (off) only when
the button is pressed.

On-Off
Switch
(SPST)

SPST = Single Pole, Single Throw.

An on-off switch allows current to
flow only when it is in the closed (on)
position.

2-way
Switch
(SPDT)

SPDT = Single Pole, Double Throw.

A 2-way changeover switch directs the flow
of current to one of two routes according to
its position. Some SPDT switches have a
central off position and are described as 'onoff-on'.

Dual On-Off
Switch
(DPST)

DPST = Double Pole, Single Throw.

A dual on-off switch which is often used to
switch mains electricity because it can isolate
both the live and neutral connections.

ACTIVITY SHEETS
Simulation Activity
Objective:
Assess the student on how to used the appropriate tools according
to the given task and situation.
Directions:
Divide your selves into small groups, Each group will perform the following
task according to the standard procedure and safety rule regulation.
You will be assessed according to the Performance Assessment below.
Given Task:
Enumerate the tools according to its used.
Demonstrate the tools and each function.
Used the tools according to the safety rule procedures and
regulations.
PERFORMANCE SCORE CARD
Scoring
Performance Criteria
1 2 3 4 5
1. The students clearly identified the problem and applied
the possible solution correctly.
2. Sequence of steps in diagnosing is followed.

3. The students applied safety precautions during the

simulation activity.
4. Diagnostic plan for troubleshooting is created.
5. The students cooperatively performed the activity.
5
4
3
2
1

-Excellently Performed
- Very Satisfactorily Performed
- Satisfactorily Performed
- Fairly Performed
- Poorly Performed

SELF CHECK

Answer the following questions

1. In order you to prevent the injury during laboratory works, what are the
importance safety rules to follow?
2. Using the safety procedure, how do you prepare the soldering tool in a
proper way of used?