Group Members:
ABDULLAH AHMED
(100663)
SOHAIB IMRAN
(100696)
BE MECHANICAL (2010-2014)
Project Supervisor
Dr. Tahir Rasul
Foreign Professor
DEPARTMENT
OF
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
AND
AEROSPACE
Submitted By:
ABDULLAH AHMED
(100663)
SOHAIB IMRAN
(100696)
Project Supervisor
____________________________
Dr. Tahir Rasul
Foreign faculty, IAA
Head of Department
____________________________
Dr. Basharat Ullah Malik
Acknowledgments
We express our humblest and profound gratitude to Allah Almighty Who has given
us the strength and direction to accomplish our purpose and guided us through every
think and thin.
This project would not have been possible without the guidance and the help of
several individuals who have in one way or the other contributed and extended their
valuable assistance in the preparation and completion of this project.
We would like to acknowledge the assistance of our supervisor Dr. Tahir Rasul for
guiding us throughout the designing process, for the support for our study and
research, for his patience, motivation and immense knowledge. We thank him for
his support and help and guidance with so much interest because of which we are
able to complete our final year project in time. He assisted in performing a
comprehensive literature review and the practical know how of things in the
fabrication phase. He helped us in converting our computer aided design into a
physical form. Moreover he is regularly checking our progress on the project.
We are also thankful to the Head of the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, Dr. Basharat Ullah Malik for his motivation, guidance and
suggestions.
Last but not the least; we would like to thank our parents and families for their
financial, motivational and never ending support in our study and in its success.
Abstract
This report provides a thorough description of the modeling and designing of an
Engine Powered Rice Transplanting Machine. It begins with research into the
problems of transplantation of rice in Pakistan and there solution, a brief study of
already existing machines and there working. Specified operating requirements and
working conditions stipulate the design, material and working principles
constraints. As part of the project, a schedule is laid out following industry
techniques. Brainstorming and decision matrices are utilized as well, conveying our
design process. A basic structure is designed using strength of materials, precision
in working and applied/allowable stress analysis, and material deflection.
Additional features are developed based on a more specific investigation of
customer requirements. This report not only covers the design, but also documents
its software analysis and simulation of the structure. Cost analysis and material
choices are relayed along with a complete set of engineering drawings for the
manufacture of the machine. We are thankful to our advisor and parents as without
their support and prayers it wouldnt have been possible.
List of Figures
Figure 1: Map showing the rice growth in Pakistan ......................................................... 12
Figure 2: Random method for Rice planting ................................................................... 13
Figure 3: Straight row method for rice planting ............................................................... 13
Figure 4: Broadcasting method for rice planting .............................................................. 14
Figure 5:Drilling method for rice transplanting ................................................................ 14
Figure 6: Dibbling method for rice transplanting ............................................................. 15
Figure 7: Initial design of frame ....................................................................................... 28
Figure 8: Final design of frame ......................................................................................... 29
Figure 9: Highlighted slots for holding planting arm ....................................................... 30
Figure 10: Initial design of seedling displacement assembly ........................................... 30
Figure 11: Initial design of planting arm asembly ............................................................ 31
Figure 12: Initial design of seedlings tray......................................................................... 31
Figure 13: Initial design of seedlings support ................................................................... 32
Figure 14: Final design of Planting assembly ................................................................... 33
Figure 15: CAD of planting arm ....................................................................................... 33
Figure 16: CAD of ground support ................................................................................... 34
Figure 17: back and front perspective view of Seedling box assembly ............................ 34
Figure 18: Seedling box .................................................................................................... 35
Figure 19: Finalized CAD of seedling box support .......................................................... 35
Figure 20: CAD of engine carrier ..................................................................................... 36
Figure 21: Initial design of wheel assembly ..................................................................... 37
Figure 22: Finalized design of wheel assembly ................................................................ 37
Figure 23: CAD of Floater ................................................................................................ 39
Figure 24: Planting arm assembly (arrow pointing to shaft) ............................................ 40
Figure 25: Velocity graph for Planting arm shaf .............................................................. 41
Figure 26: Stress analyses of frame .................................................................................. 42
Figure 27: Displacement analyses of frame ...................................................................... 43
Figure 28: Stress analyses of floater ................................................................................. 44
Figure 29: Displacement analyses on Floater ................................................................... 45
Figure 30: Stress analyses on wheel assembly ................................................................. 47
Figure 31: Displacement analyses on Wheel Assembly ................................................... 48
Figure 32: Stress analyses on rpm conversion shaft ......................................................... 49
Figure 33: Displacement analyses on rpm conversion shaft ............................................. 50
Figure 34: Stress analyses on planting assembly ground support .................................... 51
Figure 35: Displacement analyses on planting assembly ground support ....................... 52
Figure 36: Stress analyses on seedling box support .......................................................... 53
Figure 37: Displacement analyses on seedling box support ............................................. 54
Figure 38: Metal sheets for frame fabricaition.................................................................. 55
Figure 39: Gas cutting for frame ....................................................................................... 56
Figure 40: Drilling for frame ............................................................................................ 56
Figure 41: Eclectic spark welding for frame manufacturing ............................................ 57
Figure 42: Fabricated wooden floater ............................................................................... 57
Figure 43; Frame handle ................................................................................................... 58
6
List of Tables
Table 1: FYP time line..20
Table 2: Wheel assembly parts design details and specifications.40
Table 3: Floater engineering properties.46
Table 4: Wheel assembly engineering properties..48
Table 5: Speed control shaft engineering properties..51
Table 6: Planting arm assembly support engineering properties53
Table 7: Seedling box support engineering properties55
Table 8:Cost table for materials..67
List of Symbols
Following are the representing terms which are used by us in the
calculations:
RTP = Rice transplanter
v = velocity
w = angular velocity
r = radius
T = number of teeth of sprocket
N = angular velocity
d = diameter
p = pitch of sprocket
= torque
P = power
J = polar moment of inertia
c = radius
= shear stress
= angle
t = time
Table of Contents
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Chapter 1........................................................................................................ 12
Literature Review .............................................................................................. 12
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.3.1.
a.
Random .................................................................................................. 13
b.
Straight Row........................................................................................... 13
1.3.2.
Transplanting .................................................................................. 13
a.
Broadcasting ........................................................................................... 14
b.
Drilling ................................................................................................... 14
c.
Dibbling.................................................................................................. 15
Chapter 2........................................................................................................ 16
Understanding of project ................................................................................... 16
2.1.
Advantages ............................................................................................. 16
2.2.
Chapter 3........................................................................................................ 18
3.1.
Timeline ................................................................................................. 18
3.2.
Scope: ..................................................................................................... 18
3.3.
Chapter 5........................................................................................................ 21
Mathematical Modeling .................................................................................... 21
5.1.
5.1.1.
Engine ............................................................................................. 21
5.1.2.
5.1.3.
5.1.4.
5.2.
6
Chapter 6........................................................................................................ 27
Computer Modeling .......................................................................................... 27
6.1.
6.1.1.
6.2.
6.2.1.
6.2.2.
6.3.
6.4.
6.4.1.
Initial Design:.................................................................................. 36
6.4.2.
6.5.
6.6.
Floater: ................................................................................................ 39
Chapter 7 ............................................................................................................... 40
Analysis ............................................................................................................. 40
7.1.
7.1.1.
7.1.2.
7.1.3.
7.2.
7.2.1.
7.2.2.
6.1.1
11
CHAPTER 1
Literature Review
1.1. Rice Crop
Rice, an important food and cash crop, is the second staple food grain crop of
Pakistan after wheat and major source of foreign exchange earnings after cotton. It
is planted on an area of over 2.57 million ha (10% of the total cropped area) and
accounts for 17% of the total cereals produced annually. The annual production of
milled rice is about 6.5 million tons sharing 4.9% in agriculture sector and 1.1% in
GDP. Pakistan is famous for growing and exporting long grain aromatic Basmati
rice. The rice export increased manifold during the recent years and a record export
of 4.5 million tons of worth about US$ 1735.2 million was made during 2011-12
Pakistan ranks 13th in terms of rice production and 4th in rice export in the world.
12
a. Straight Row
The straight-row method follows a uniform spacing between
plants. The seedlings are transplanted in straight rows.
13
a. Drilling
Another technique is drilling seeds by hand on prepared furrows, or
by seed drillers.
14
b. Dibbling
The third technique is dibbling, or hill planting. This is usually
practiced along mountain slopes or where plowing and harrowing
are difficult. Use a long wood or bamboo pole with a metal scoop
attached at the end for digging holes. Then drop the seeds into the
holes and cover them with soil.
15
CHAPTER 2
Understanding of project
Mechanical Transplanting of Rice is the process of transplanting
specifically raised seedling of rice using an engine powered mechanical rice
transplanter at pre-determined and desired spacing.
A common rice transplanter comprises of:
A seedling tray like a shed roof on which rice seedlings are set.
Seedlings pickup forks that pick up a seedling from the seedling tray
and put the seedling into the earth.
Floaters and power transmission.
2.1.
Advantages
16
2.2.
The rice transplanter has two parts i.e. front and rear portions. The front
portion has diesel engine ranging from 3-4 HP depending on the make and
toothed iron wheel, the rear portion has floating board, nursery platform,
transplanting fingers with screws for adjusting plants/hill, depth setting
lever, chains for height adjustment of float board and pedal for float-lifting.
The floating board of the transplanter serves as a base and also helps in
movement of the machine over excess water in the field.
In general, rice transplanters transplant 2 rows in single pass with spacing
arrangements i.e. 30 cm x 12 cm that maintains 30 hills/ m, respectively.
Similarly, number of plants per hill can be varied (2-4 seedlings/ hill).
The labor requirement for transplanting using transplanter is 2 man-days
per acre and 1 transplanter can cover 2.2 acres a day.
17
CHAPTER 3
3.1.
Timeline
Table 1
3.2.
Scope:
Our project requires to build a low cost rice transplanter which is suitable
to be used in the rice fields of Pakistan. In light of this, we will be covering
following areas in this project:
3.2.1. Initial Data and information gathering:
Initial information for rice transplanting machine will be
collected from online literature, Farmers who work in the rice fields
will also be contacted. Information obtained from the farmers will
be of prime importance as they will be asked what kind of machine
they want and what type of machine will be suitable for their fields.
3.2.2. Selecting Testing parameters:
After the essential information of machine is gathered from
literature review and surveying the farmers, testing parameters will
be selected that are essential for the machine to be successful and
usable in the practical environment.
18
Frame
Planting mechanism
Seed feeding tray
Padded wheels
Drive train
Floaters
3.2.4. Fabrication:
After the solid modeling has been finalized, the machine will
be fabricated with some parts manufactured according to
specifications and some bought from the market.
3.3.
Frame:
Frame will be modeled and designed on PTC
CREO 2.0 software package.
Planting assembly
This assembly comprises of various parts that
include shafts, bars, linkages, chains and
sprockets. All parts will be modeled and designed
on CREO and only following parts will be fabricated,
remaining parts will be bought from the market:
a. Shafts
b. Linkage bars
19
Following are the parts that will be bought readily from the
market:
Engine:
5 Hp engine will be purchased from the
market.
20
CHAPTER 4
Mathematical Modeling
4.1. Power transmission mechanism design
4.1.1. Engine
The output power of engine is 3.6KW with the net torque at 2500rpm is
10.3Nm
4.1.2. Velocity of machine
The normal human walking speed is 1m/s and in mud its speed
reduces that is taken as 0.75m/s, this speed is the speed on which machine will run
during its operation in the field.
The engine output rpm are 2500 when the max torque is delivered by it, and
the required velocity of machine is 0.75 m/s, so the relation is derived between the
engine output and machine speed, that is:
As
v= r * w
v = 0.75 m/s
r is taken as:
so
r = 0.15317 m
0.75 = 0.15317 * w
w = 0.75 / 0.15317
w = 48.5 rev/min
21
In this formula N is the number of rpm gears and T is the number of teeth of gear.
Two conversion shafts are used for the purpose of speed reduction so the formula
becomes:
135
246
6
1
T1, T3 and T5 and T7 are assumed as 12 teeth because to reduce the speed input
gear should have low number of teeth then output gear.
We know the value:
N1 = 2500rpm
N8 = 48.5 rpm
Putting values in the formula
1 3 5 7
8
=
2 4 6 8
1
The output teeth are assumed as equal in numbers i.e T2 = T4 = T6 = T
12 12 12 12
48.5
=
4
2500
T = 32 teeth
For t1:
12
d1 = 0.0191 meters
for
t2:
0.005
32
d2 = 0.05 m
Transmission of Torque
The engine that is selected have maximum torque of 10.3 Nm at the 2500rpm and
this torque is transmitted to wheels and planting mechanism.
The formula of torque transmission between two gears is:
23
J = / 4
c is radius of shaft
all is the max allowable shear stress of mild steel = 115 MPa
max is calculated by using the force and bending moment diagrams on wheel
shaft.
4
=
2
3
1394.76
=
2
115 106
C = 0.0197 m
Diameter = 3.94 cm =
4cm
4.2. Position analysis of planting mechanism
As the planting mechanism is four bar so first of all linkage system is is
designed for the required motion of planting mechanism.
The linkages lengths are taken from the literature review which are then changed
to the required dimentions for our machine using grashof conditions to analyze the
proper motion of four bar mechanism. Which is as follow.
= 0 degrees
b = 19.3cm
= to be calculate
24
c = 12 cm
= to be calculate
d = 17.9cm
= 9 degrees
3 = 2tan1
2 4
2
Now
25
4 =
2.3
5 =
2.3
6 =
4 = 2tan1
2
2
2 2 2 2
2
2 4
2
2.3
2
2 =
4 =
2.3
2
2 + 2 2 + 2
2
The above formulation shows that with any input of 2 the values of 3 4 can
be evaluated.
26
CHAPTER 5
Computer Modeling
5.1.
Design of frame:
Frame of the machine is the part which will hold all the components of RTP
machine. These components include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
27
7
1
8
3
5
6
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
4
Figure 7: Initial design of frame
Frame
Handle
2x holes for padded wheel shaft, 1 on each side
2x holes for conversion shaft_2, 1 on each side
2x holes for conversion shaft_1, 1 on each side
8x holes for engine carrier, 4 on each sides
4x holes for holding floater, 2 on each sides
2x holes for holding seedling tray support, 1 on each side
28
Finalized Design:
Following were the changes that were made later on and was finalized to be
fabricated:
1. Change in length of the frame:
Length of the frame was reduced from 160 cm to 140 cm, due to following
reasons.
1. Removal of conversion shafts due to addition of gear box.
2. To reduce the mass of the machine.
2. Change in Width of the frame:
Width of the machine was changed from 50 cm to 65 cm due to following
reasons:
1. Requirement of bigger engine carrier due to installment of gear box and
clutch assembly to the machine
3. Slots for holding planting arm:
Two slots for holding planting arm were created in the rear end of
the frame that will hold the planting mechanism of the machine, as
shown in figure 8.
29
30
Planting arm assembly is the part of the machine that will plant seedlings in
to the rice field after picking it from the seedlings picking assembly. This assembly
comprises of closed loop four bar mechanism. As our machine is two row planting
machine so there are two planting arms that will plant the seedlings into the field.
Seedling tray:
31
It is the support that holds the seedling trays and seedling picking
mechanism.
The above mentioned design changes necessitated the changes in following parts:
32
1.
33
2.
3.
Figure 17: back and front perspective view of Seedling box assembly
2x Seedling box
Length: 35 cm
34
Width: 16 cm
Depth: 14.5 cm
Inclined angle: 65
2x holes for nuts of 5mm
diameter
Material: iron
35
Material: wood
Max length: 660 cm
Width: 37 cm
Height: 50 cm
36
In the final design of the wheel assembly, following changes were made in
the wheel and shaft;
An outer rim was added at the ends of the paddles of the wheel to allow the
machine to move on a smooth surface.
Two sprockets were added instead of one for the purpose of transferring
engine motion to the conversion shaft ahead
37
Computer model
2x Padded wheels
2x sprockets:
Small sprocket:
o Material:
Alloy
Steel
o No. of teeth: 57
o Pitch
diameter:
272.3
o Pitch: 0.015 m
Large Sprocket
o Material:
Alloy
Steel
o No. of teeth:
o Pitch
diameter:
272.3
o Pitch: 0.015 m
1x Shaft
Table 2
38
5.4. Floater:
Floater is the part of the machine which will help the machine to float
smoothly over the rice filed, as the rice field consists largely of muddy water. It will
help the machine to remain above the water level at all times.
1.
39
CHAPTER 6
Analysis
6.1.Motion analysis:
The above motion analyses of the bevel gear shaft shows that the shaft rotates with
the constant velocity of 602.5 deg/sec as desired.
6.1.1. Planting arm dynamic:
40
With the above motion analyses of the planting arm shaft it is confirmed that the
shaft rotates with the desired velocity of 1240.6 deg/sec
The above motion analyses graph shows the to and fro motion of the seedling boxes
with the help of slider joints as the box moves from mean position to the two
extreme positions.
41
6.2.
Stress analyses:
The yield strength of low carbon steel is 28.2e+006 N/m
6.2.1. Stress Analyses on Frame:
Study results:
Minimum Stress: 2.53435 N/m2
Conclusion:
From the CAD results, it is concluded that this part will not fail under the given
stresses as the maximum stress are much lower than the yield strength of the part.
42
Study results:
Minimum Displacement: 0 mm
Conclusion:
From the CAD results, it is concluded that this part will not carry out any
significant deformations according to loading conditions applied.
43
Properties
Name:
1060 Alloy
Model type:
Default
criterion:
failure
Yield strength:
2.75742e+007 N/m^2
Tensile strength:
6.89356e+007 N/m^2
Elastic modulus:
6.9e+010 N/m^2
Poisson's ratio:
0.33
Mass density:
2700 kg/m^3
Shear modulus:
2.7e+010 N/m^2
Thermal
coefficient:
2.4e-005 /Kelvin
expansion
Table 3
Study results:
Minimum Stress: 6.54482e-008 N/m2
44
Conclusion:
From the CAD results, it is concluded that this part will not fail under the given
stresses as the maximum stress are much lower than the yield strength of the part.
Study results:
Minimum Displacement: 0 mm
Conclusion:
From the CAD results, it is concluded that this part will not carry out any
significant deformations according to loading conditions applied.
45
Properties
Name:
1023 Carbon
Steel Sheet
(SS)
Model type:
Linear
Elastic
Isotropic
Max
von
Mises Stress
Yield strength:
2.82685e+008
N/m^2
Tensile strength:
4.25e+008
N/m^2
Elastic modulus:
2.05e+011
N/m^2
Poisson's ratio:
0.29
Mass density:
7858 kg/m^3
Shear modulus:
8e+010
N/m^2
1.2e-005
/Kelvin
Table 4
46
Stress analyses:
Study results:
Minimum Stress: 1.47848e-008 N/m^2
Conclusion:
From the CAD results, it is concluded that this part will not fail under the
given stresses as the maximum stress are much lower than the yield strength of the
part.
47
Study results:
Minimum Displacement: 0 mm
Conclusion:
From the CAD results, it is concluded that this part will not carry out any
significant deformations according to loading conditions applied.
Properties
48
Name:
1023
Carbon
Steel Sheet (SS)
Model type:
Linear
Elastic
Isotropic
Yield strength:
2.82685e+008
N/m^2
Tensile strength:
4.25e+008 N/m^2
Elastic modulus:
2.05e+011 N/m^2
Poissons ratio:
0.29
Mass density:
7858 kg/m^3
Shear modulus:
8e+010 N/m^2
Thermal
coefficient:
expansion
1.2e-005 /Kelvin
Table 5
Stress analyses:
Study results:
Minimum Stress: 6260.85 N/m^2
Conclusion:
From the CAD results, it is concluded that this part will not fail under the given
stresses as the maximum stress are much lower than the yield strength of the part.
49
Study results:
Minimum Displacement: 3.51493e-007 mm
Conclusion:
From the CAD results, it is concluded that this part will not carry out any
significant deformations according to loading conditions applied.
Properties
Name:
1023 Carbon
Sheet (SS)
Model type:
Linear
Isotropic
Default
criterion:
50
failure
Steel
Elastic
Yield strength:
2.82685e+008 N/m^2
Tensile strength:
4.25e+008 N/m^2
Elastic modulus:
2.05e+011 N/m^2
Poissons ratio:
0.29
Mass density:
7858 kg/m^3
Shear modulus:
8e+010 N/m^2
Thermal expansion
coefficient:
1.2e-005 /Kelvin
Table 6
Stress analyses:
Study results:
Minimum Stress: 295.475 N/m^2
Conclusion:
From the CAD results, it is concluded that this part will not fail under the given
stresses as the maximum stress are much lower than the yield strength of the part.
51
Study results:
Minimum Displacement: 0 mm
Conclusion:
From the CAD results, it is concluded that this part will not carry out any
significant deformations according to loading conditions applied.
Properties
52
Name:
Model type:
Linear
Isotropic
Default
failure
criterion:
Yield strength:
2.82685e+008
N/m^2
Tensile strength:
4.25e+008 N/m^2
Elastic modulus:
2.05e+011 N/m^2
Elastic
Poisson's ratio:
0.29
Mass density:
7858 kg/m^3
Shear modulus:
8e+010 N/m^2
Thermal
expansion
coefficient:
1.2e-005 /Kelvin
Table 7
Stress analyses:
Study results:
Minimum Stress: 0.359987 N/m^2
Conclusion:
From the CAD results, it is concluded that this part will not fail under the given
stresses as the maximum stress are much lower than the yield strength of the part.
53
Study results:
Minimum Displacement: 0 mm
Conclusion:
From the CAD results, it is concluded that this part will not carry out any
significant deformations according to loading conditions applied.
54
CHAPTER 7
Manufacturing
7.1.Frame
Frame is made by low carbon steel sheet of 2.7mm. Desired shape
of frame is obtained by using press and cutting machine. Sheets are then
drilled using bench drilling machine. Then parts of frame are weld to give
a proper structure to it.
55
Gas cutting
Drilling
56
7.3.Seedling box
Seedling boxes are made of iron. Hand tool is used to cut the
sheet which is the weld by electric welding.
57
58
7.6.Wheels:
Bending, cutting and welding is used in fabricating the wheels.
Bending:
59
Welding:
60
Figure 47: Welding of rings together (top), Welding of bars with wheel rings for support and strengthening
(bottom)
61
62
63
64
65
CHAPTER 8
Cost
Sr. No.
Product
Cost (Rs)
Engine
10000
Clutch
5500
Gear box
7000
Frame
1600
Seedling box
1000
Floater
2300
Handle
700
Wheels
4000
Planting mechanism
1000
10
Engine carrier
600
11
Sprockets
5000
12
Chain
1300
13
Machine Assembly
32000
TOTAL
783000
Table 8
66
CHAPTER 9
Visits
9.1.Daska
In Daska we first searched for already existing machines for rice
transplanting then studied there mechanisms and problems.
Then we searched all the market of sheet metal and sprockets and shafts,
we inquired different prices of process like cutting, welding of sheet and
manufacturing of sprockets.
9.2.Lahore
We went to Lahore to buy engine and clutch for machine, first we
surveyed Bilal Ganj market which is the biggest market for car parts. But
we didnt find our required parts their after doing a lot of survey. Then we
went to Branth road where we found a huge market of new, imported and
locally made engines. We found a shop name SHINGHAI HARDWARES
from where we brought an engine of 5 h.p and a clutch assembly which is
actually used in engine powered lawn mower machines.
9.3.Rawalpindi
In Rawalpindi we first visited National Agricultural Research Center to
know about the current work being done on research and planting methods
on Rice Transplanting. We met Senior Research Engineer at NARC who
gave us valuable information on the subject. He also showed us a Japanese
made rice transplanting machine which was modified by NARC to be
suitable to work on Pakistani soil. We gathered all the valuable stats and
info from this visit.
We needed sheet metals for the planting assembly and material for
fabricating wheels of the machine. For this purpose we visited City Saddar
Road, checked various sheet metal cutting shops and finally ordered the
required material from Shabbir Steels which specializes in cut to size job.
They made us the required material at very economical rates.
67
CHAPTER 10
Conclusion
A rice transplanter is a machine that transplants the seedlings of rice in the
paddy field from seedling box through planting arm using power of engine. This
machine has vast application is Pakistan and Asia. The basic motivation of
selecting this project was to solve the problem of farmers in transplanting rice
seedlings by providing a facility of fast and economical transplantation. A basic
structure was designed using dynamic study, strength of materials, sprocket
chain mechanisms, applied and allowable stress analysis. We have used Creo
pro and Solidworks software applications for modeling, simulation and stress
analysis. Through farms and farm machinery institute visits we were able to
understand the problem and work done so far on this machine more deeply and
also the methods and techniques used to manufacture agriculture machinery.
Fabrication of parts was done using different tools e.g. press machine, grinder,
welding plant, lathe, shaper and gas cutter. Choice of material relayed upon the
strength required and material available. Cost analysis is done on the basis of
CAD model and material selection. Testing will be done in the season of rice
plantation.
Recommendation
Laser leveling of rice field is always recommended before the use of rice
transplanting machine.
There should be two persons all the times with the machine while it is
working in the field, one to operate the machine and other to place seedlings
in machine boxes.
68
References
69