IC/85/238

INTERNAL REPORT
(.Limited distribution)

1.

IHTRODUCTIOH

The field theory of localisation [l]-[3] was constructed in order to

reach a non-perturbative description of the Anderson transition [b] driven by
t e r n a t i o n a l Atomic Energy Agency
. . ' . . "

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and

United Nations .'Educational S c i e n t i f i c and Cultural Organization

UTC?Bfo(ATIOBAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS

the disorder.

It Is a metal-Insulator type transition described by the Vegner'e[i]

order parameter Q Introduced initially in replica based theories.

Recently,

two replica free theories were constructed I5],[6] by Efetov [5] employing the
Buperymoetry and by Aronor and loselevich [6] vlth a Feynman type functional
Integral.

FIELD THEORY OF LOCALIZATION AHD SUPERCOHDUCTIVITY

The intensive research taking into account tbe electron-electron

Interaction revealed a strong coupling between the disorder and the Interaction
[T)-[1O] making the Anderson transition inseparable from the Mott transition.
Here ve develop a field theory of localization for simplicity in the

I.Z. Kostadinor
International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy.

replica formulation of Finkelsteln [3]. The theory accounts

for

tne

super-

conducvitity by another order parameter - a matrix field corresponding to the

pairs wave function.

In this form the theory reproduce* the results of the

perturbation theory of Abrikosov and Oor'kor [ l l ] and takes into account the
diffusion.

In general i t i s a non-perturbatlve theory of both phase transitions.

ABSTRACT
A field theory of both localization and superconductivity is constructed
by Introducing a new matrix field describing the superconductivity.

2.

FREE ENERGY FUNCTIONAL

We s t r e s s again here t h a t t h e theory can be constructed In a r e p l i c a

f r e e manner, but f o r s i m p l i c i t y we use t h e r e p l i c a t r i c k .

KDUMARE - TRIESTE
HoTenber 1985

To be submitted for publication.

Permanent address: Department of Physics, University of Sofia, 1126 Sofia,

Bulgaria.

Then t h e c a l c u l a t i o n

o f t h e random i m p u r i t i e s average o f t h e f r e e energy i s simple

Here ^ is the Fermi level density of states and T is the relaxation

The double angular brackets here denote average over the Impurities potential
V(r).

For the calculation of

ZH>> Z

time. The average over the iapuritles potential lead to the result

we use the Btandard therao-

dynamic field theory introducing thermal frequencies

t n (2n + l)irT and

(6)

imaginary time T (0 < T < B). The classical Orassmann variables are used in
order to obtain correct statistic a.

The GraB&mann field

(r,e_) has a replica

index i 1,2,...K, a spin index a 1, 2 and a discrete energy argument E Q .

Introducing the aymbol

The partition function of

H replicas of the system of

presence of impurity potential

V(r)

No electrons in the

e for the diagonal frequencies matrix one can write

in the form

has the form

(7)
(2)

The angular brackets denote Bcalar product

Here the differential

di|> denotes the product of a l l components of

functional integration over each one.

The action S

df and

(B)

is

fe <*.-*<> '.,]*

t3)

The fourth order term in S can be converted by Hubbard-Stratanovich transfonoation of the type

The Hamlltonian of the non-interacting electrons is

The Wegner
The term S
in detail

represents the electron-electron interaction discussed

Q matrix field defined by (9) i s Hermitian.

In terms of Q the

action (T) is written as

by Finkelstein [3],[8] and the Home group [ 9 I J 1 0 ] .

The impurity potential

Gaussian distribution.

V{r)

Cio)

is assumed to be a short range one with

The correlation function of the potential Is of vhite

It ia seen from (10) that the diagonal matrix (?)
- * (2n + 1)KT
ntm
n ,m
modified to a new matrix Ent vhere T^ is defined an

noise type

(5)
-3-

-u-

is now

This'remark. Is very important since in this way a new field titr.t) ia

The functional integration i s carried over all components of the antisymmetric

Introduced in the same way as the parameter n was introduced by AbriXosov and

atrlces

Gor'kov. At this stage integrating over the Grasamann variables

leads to the following action:

+(r,T),

f, f ($ T " 1 ) .

The transformation (13) of the partitition function

(r,t) one can reach the diffusion Lagrangian without interaction. The
interaction can be taken into account in the manner used by Finkelatein [3),[8]
and the Rome group [9],[lO],

ilk)

From such a scheme a full scale theory of the

norm*! charged Fermi liquid in the presence of disorder is constructed. Our aim,

The integral over the QraBsmann variables p.

,, J.

. is no longer

however, is to analyse the phenomena of superconductivity and localization in

exact and the free energy loops have to be calculated. In the case of super-

relation to each other.

conductivity only the first loop id necessary leading to the Oor'kov

equations. In this way the field theory of both localization and superconductivity
is determined in the form

3.

LOCALIZATIOH AHD SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

z, =

The electron-electron interaction responsible for pairing will be

cLQdtdi-

(15)

taken in the BCS form

The free energy functional i s
(12)

In order to take Into account the anomalous propagator this expression i s

transformed by another matrix field

t(r,r)

which i s complex and antisymmetric

Here 3t

and M are

according to the relation

Minimising f

The new Hubbard-Stratonovlch transformation i s

one finds the following equilibrium solution for the matrix n;

(18)

c/tc/f
-5-

(13)

where E " E - u and -? t = +T-T A

REFEREMCES

determines the gap. The gap

value is round from the BCS equation obtained by minimization of Y

with

respect to the matrix t. In the presence of paramagnetic impurities these

[l]

F.I. Wegner, Z. Physik, B35_, 207 (1979).

[2]

K.B. Efetov, A.I. Leu-kin and D.E.Khmel'nitskii, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz,,
22, 1120 (1980} [Sov. Fhys. JETP ^ 2 , 568 (1980)].

[3]

A.M. Flnkelstein, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 6^, 168 (l983)[Sov. Phys. JETP,
2.. 97 (1983)].

P.A. Lee and T.V. Hamakrlshnan, Rev. Mod. Phys. ^1,(1985).

[5]

K.B. Efetov, Adv. Phys. 32,, 53, (1983).

[6]

A.G. Aronov and A.S. Ioselevlch, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. Pis'ma Bed.,
Ul, 71 (1985).

[71

B.L, Altahuler and A.G. Aronov, Solid State Conmunlcatlone b, 1)29(1983).

[8]

A,H. Finkelstein, Z. Phys. B5_6, 189 (198U).

[9]

C. Castelani, C. dl Castro, P.A. Lee and M. Ma, Phys. Rev. E30, 527 (198b).

equations are modified leading to the critical temperature shift found first
by Abrikosov and Gor'kov. In this sense the description of both localisation and
superconductivity by the tvo fields Q(r,x) and Hr.-r), T(r,x) la complete
w defined by (15)-(17). The Gin s"burg-Landau-Wilson Hamiltonian Is easily
found from the fixed point solutions and the results will be published elsewhere.

h.

CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion we have constructed a field theory describing both

transitions metal-insulator and superconductivity. The theory is represented

In a replica based form in terns of the Wegner

hermitian matrix field Q(r,t)

[10]

C. Castelani, C. di CaBtro and G. Forgacs, Phys. Rev. B3, 1593 (198I4).

fi.A. Abrikosov and L.P. Gor'kov, Zh Eksp, Teor. Fiz 35, 1558 (1958) and
(I960) [,ov. Phys.- JETP 8_, 1090 (1959) and 12, 12I43 (I961))

and two complex antisymmetric matrix fields f(r,f), T(r,r).

ACKHOWLEDGMEHTS
The author would like to thank Professor Abdus Salam, the International
Atomic Energy Agency and UNESCO for hospitality at the International Centre for
Theoretical Physics, Trieste.

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