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KALYANSIR:AGRICULTUREININDIA

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AGRICULTUREININDIA
KALYANSIR.NET

InIndiaabout64percentoflaborforcedependsuponagriculture.
Indianagricultureisalargelysubsistencetype.
Thesubsistencetypeofagricultureimpliesthatthefarmergrowscropsforhishousehold
necessitiesandthereisnosurplusoutputwhichismarketable.
Thepressureofpopulationonthelandissoenormousthatlargerpartoftheproductionis
consumed.
RICE:

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ThisisaKharifcrop.
ThisissowninMayJuneandharvestedinSeptOct.
Thericecontributes45percentofthetotalarea.
Thericecontributes44percentofthetotalproductioninIndia.
The cultivation of rice is most common in UP, MP, interior Maharashtra, Haryana,
Rajasthan,HimachalPradeshandPunjab.
Thewinter(Rabi)RiceissowninJuneJulyandharvestedinNovDec.
Thiscontributes50percentoftotalareaand48.7%ofthetotalproduction.

WHEAT(TRITICUMVULGARE)

ThisisacommoncropinthealluvialsoilsofIndoGangaticplains.
ThemajorpartofIndianwheatiscommonbreadwheat.
Emmer(TriticumDicocum)wheatisproducedinKarnataka,T.N,andMaharashtra.
IndiandwarfwheatisproducedinlimitedareasofMadhyaPradeshandUttarPradesh.

JUTE:

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Rawjutecomprisesjuteandmestafibers.
JutefiberisobtainedfromCorchorusCapsularisL(whitejute)andCorchorusCapsularisL
(TossaJute).
MestafiberisobtainedfromHibiscusSabdariffaVaraltissimaandH.ConnabinusL.

TOBACCO:

The states like Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Gujarat are the major tobacco producing
states.
Cigarettetobaccoisgrownindeepblack,nonirrigatedsoil.
AlargequantityofcigarettetobaccoisexportedfromKakinadaport.
Gujarat,Maharashtra,KarnatakaarethemajorBeediTobaccoproducingstate.
BeeditobaccoisraisedasKharifcrop.
HookaTobaccoisproducedmainlyinBiharandPunjab.

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SUGARCANE:

SouthIndiahasadvantageinsugarcaneasitreflectsthebestsuitedtropicalconditionsand
alongerperiodofcrushingalmosttwiceoverthenorth.
CostofmanufacturingsugarinIndiaishighduelowyieldandshortcrushingperiodasin
NorthIndianplains.
ItscultivationinSouthIndiaisconfinedtothoseareaswhereirrigationisavailable.

TEA:
AssamteaisgrownonflatandalluvialbandsoneithersideoftheBrahmaputrariverandin
theregionsouthofAssamhillslikeinCachar.
InWestBengaltheteaiscultivatedinDarjeelingandJalpaiguri.
Darjeelingteahasgoodflavorandsofetcheshighprice.
In South India Annamalai Hills, Hassan and Chikmangalur districts of Karnataka,
Kottoyam,QuilonandTrivandrumdistrictsofKeralaarethemajorteaproducingareas.
Dehradun district of Uttaranchal & Dharmasala in Kangra districts of Himachal Pradesh
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alsoproducessomeamountoftea.

MANGO:

Important varieties of mangos are Alphanso of Maharashtra, Banganapalli of Andhra,

DashehariandLangraofUttarPradesh,MaldaofWestBengal.
LargestacreageofmangoisinUttarPradesh.
Other important mango producing regions are Bihar (second largest producer) Andhra
Pradesh,WestBengal,Orissa,TamilNaduandcoastalMaharashtra.

GRAPES:

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AnabeShahi,isthewellknownIndianvarietyofgrapesanditsproductivityishighestin
India.
Main grapes producing areas of India are Coorg district of Karnataka, Wynad in Kerala
Nilgiri in Tamil Nadu, Khasi, Jantiya and Lushai hills in Meghalaya Pune, Nasik,
Sholapur, Songli, Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra Himachal Pradesh and Andhra
Pradesh.
GreenRevolution:
TheinventionofdwarfvarietyofwheatbyNormanBorlaugofMexicoanditsintroduction
in1963inIndiaaugmentedaneweraofagriculturalrevolution.
Laterthiswastermedasgreenrevolution.
InIndiaitstartedafter1968.
The green revolution aimed at disseminating technical knowhow, credit & agricultural
technologytostepupagriculturalproductioninselectedsevendistrictsnamelyShahebad
(Bihar),Tanjavur(TamilNadu),Aligarh(UttarPradesh),WestGodavari(AndhraPradesh),
Ludhiyana(Punjab),Rajpur(MadhyaPradesh)andPali(Rajasthan)

MAJORHIGHYIELDVARIETIES(HYV):
Rice:RaichungNative1,1R8Ratna,Jaya,Sabarmati,Jamuna,Pankaj,Jagannath,
IR20,
Wheat:LermaRojo,PV18,Sonora64,Sonalika,KalyanSona,Chhotilarma,HD
2285,WL711,HD2009,DWL5023,PDW215,CDW.
Maize: Ganga, Ranjeet, Himalaya123, Jawahar, Sona, Vikram, Vijay, Sartaj,
Deccan705Deccan108,Trishulata,Prabhat,Novjot,Arun,Kiran,Suwan.
Cotton:Shankar4,Shankar6,MCU5,LRA,MECH,DCH32,Surin,Hybrid4&6.
Jute: Nonsoong, Bz2 Bz22 Kenaf C108, Everglade71, CPI07891, PI
468409,TRC212,JRC321,JRC7447,JRC4444,Padma,JRO632&878.

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Sugarcane:Co205,Co290,Co312,Co313,Co527,BO10,BO11,COJ64,Co7717.
Rubber:Rill105
Coffee:OldChicks,Coorgs,Kents,S228,S795.
Cashewnut:Jhargram1,Bhubaneswar1,BPP4,BPP6,Vengurla1&4,VRI1&2,Ullal
1&2Selection1&2,K221,Madakkathara1and2.
Sorghum:CSH1,CSH5,CSH9,CS10,CSH11,Swarna.

AGRICULTURALINSTITUTES:
IndianCouncilofAgriculture..........................................................NewDelhi
DairyResearchInstitute........................................................Karnal(Haryana)
IndianBotnicalSurvey.................................................Kolkata(WestBengal)
JuteResearchInstitute...............................................Bairakpur(WestBengal)
GoatResearchInstitute..............................................Mathura(UttarPradesh)
SugarcaneResearchInstitute..................................Lucknow(UttarPradesh)
BeeResearchInstitute.......................................................Pune(Maharashtra)
CottonResearchInstitute.............................................Mumbai(Maharashtra)
PoultryTrainingInstitute..............................................Bangalore(Karnataka)
SilkResearchInstitute.......................................................Mysore(Karnataka)
CoffeeResearchInstitute.....................................Chickmanglur(Karnataka)
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LeatherResearchInstitute............................................Chennai(TamilNadu)
PotatoResearchInstitute......................................Shimla(HimachalPradesh)
TeaResearchInstitute...............................................................Jorhat(Assam)
RubberResearchInstitute....................................................Kottayam(Kerala)
TobaccoResearchInstitute...........................Rajahmundry(AndhraPradesh)
RiceResearchInstitute............................................................Cuttak(Orissa)
InternationalCentreforPlantation...............................Bangalore(Karnataka)
NationalResearchInstituteforSpices.....................................Calicut(Kerala)
IndianDairyCorporation........................................................Anand(Gujarat)

ANIMALHUSBANDRY
Indiahasthelargestnumberofcattleintheworld.
In199899,Indiaaccountforabout20%oftheworld'stotalnumberofcattleandover43
percentofthetotallivestockpopulationofIndia.

MilchBreeds:
Gir,Sindhi,RedSindhi,Sahiwal,TharpakarandDeoniaresomeoftheoutstandingbreeds
ofmilchcattle.
TheGirisanativeofSaurashtra.

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GIR

SindhibreedismainlyraisedinGujarat,RajasthanandMaharashtra.

SINDHI

RedSindhihailsfromSindregionofPakistan.
SahiwalbreedhasitsorigininPunjab,Haryana,Rajasthan,UttarPradeshandDelhi.
TheDeonibreediswidelyinnorthwesternandwesternpartsofAndhraPradesh.

DroughtBreeds:
Nagori Bauchaur, Kankatha, Malvi, Kherigarh, Hallikar, Khillari, Amritmahal, Kanhaya,
Ponwar,BargurandSiriaresomeofthefamousdroughtbreeds.
BagoribreedisanativeofJodhpurandisfoundinlargepartsofRajsthan,Haryana,Uttar
PradeshandMadhyaPradesh.
TheBauchaurbreedismainlyfoundinBihar.
TheMalviislargelyconcentratedinthedrywesternpartsofMadhyaPradesh.
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TheKenkathaorKenwariyabreedhailsfromBandadistrictofUttarPradesh.
SiribreedgrowswellinthehillyareasofDarjeelingandSikkim.

DualPurposeBreeds:
Cattleofthesebreedsareusedbothformilkanddroughtpurpose.
Thecowsarefairlygoodyieldersofmilkwhilebullocksaregoodfordrought.
Tharparkar, Haryan, Mewati, Kankrej, Rath, Nimari, Dangi, Goalao, Krishna Valley and
Ongoleandimportantbreedsofthiscategory.
TheTharparkarbreedhailsfromtheSindprovinceofPakistanandisfoundinlargepartsof
GujaratandRajasthan.

ExoticBreeds:
SomeofthehighmilkyieldsofexoticbreedshavebeendevelopedinIndia.
Someforeignbreedsandnewbreedscalledcrossbreedhavebeendeveloped.
SomeoftheimportantexoticbreedsareJersey,Holstein,Friesian,SwissBrown,Guernsey,
GermanFeleckvichandAyreshire.

BUFFALOES:

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India'sbuffalopopulationwas83.5millionin1992.
Thisisabout50%thebuffaloesoftheworld.
TheMurrah,Bhadawari,Jaffarabadi,Surti,Meshana,NagpuriandNiliRaviareamongthe
importantbreeds.
SHEEP:

IndiansheeppopulationstandsintheworldafterAustralia,Russia,China,Argentinaand
NewZealand.
MostoftheIndiansheepareofpoorqualityyieldinginferiorwoolinlessquantity.

GOATS:

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Today'sQuestion ClickHere

Goatiscalledthepoorman'scowbecauseitcanbecheaplyrearedonmeagergrassofpoor
quality.
Itisthemajorsupplierofmuttonalongwithmilk,hairandskins.
The Himayala or Angora goat which is also known as the Chamba, Gaddi, Chegu or
KashmiribreeedisrearedinKashmirandHimachalPradesh.
ThePashminarearedinKashmirandKuluvalleyisworldrenownedforitspashminafur
knownasMohair.
AmongtheotherbreedsaretheBeetalofPunjab,oftheMarwari,Mehsana,Kathiwarand
ZalwadiofRajasthan,GujaratandMadhyaPradeshandtheBarari,SurtiandDeccaniofthe
PeninsularIndia.
SomeimportantforeignbreedsAlpine,Nubain,Saanen,ToggenbergandAngora.

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cwendra ayearago

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HUMANGEOGRAPHY

NEWPRIMEMINISTEROFINDIA

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Guruthankusir

stalinChallengesandsolutions1.)Erstwhilegovt>populist

measures.Peopleseemtohaveelectedthenewgovtinspiredby
Gujaratdevelopmentmodel.So,torespectpeoplesverdict,

IRRIGATION

AGRICULTURALINSTITUTES

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AbdulAziz Sir..plzuploadsomemorecurrentaffairsoflast

PurushothamaKumarAzmeerathankyousir!

fewmonths

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