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Study Model : Theory Vs.

Caesar II

Hot Modulus @ 300 C

@Temp = 300 C

Thermal Force = (D2/4)E = 7682.75 mm2 x (1.8526E+005 MPa) x (


For Secondary Loads

FT = 5125326 N
S = 667.12 N/mm2

For Primary Loads

) x (0.003601 mm/mm)
Thermal Axial Force
P = AE
S = E

Weight 5 m = 60.18 kg/m x 5m =2952 N


Weight @ each support = 1475 N
Longitudinal stress from weight SLW= 1475 N/7682.75 mm2 = 0.192 N/mm2
Longitudinal stress from Pressure SLp= Pdi2/(d02-di2) = 1.569 N/mm2 x (273.052) / (273.052-254.5082)
= 11.6653 N/mm2
Total Longitudinal stress SL = 0.192 + 11.6653 N/mm2 = 11.86 N/mm2

Corroded case
Wall Thickness = 9.271 1.5 (9.271x12.5%) = 6.612125 mm
di = 273.05- (2xt) = 259.82575 mm.
Longitudinal stress from weight SLW= 1475 N/5534.608 mm2 = 0.2665 N/mm2
Longitudinal stress from Pressure SLp= Pdi2/(d02-di2) = 1.569 N/mm2 x (273.052) / (273.052-259.825752)
= 12.5114 N/mm2
Total Longitudinal stress SL = 0.2665 + 12.5114 N/mm2 = 12.78 N/mm2

@Temp = 250 C
Thermal Force = (D2/4)E = 7682.75 mm2 x (1.8873E+005 MPa) x (
For Secondary Loads

FT = 4173000 N
S = 543.16 N/mm2

For Primary Loads


Same values as Temp. 300 C

) x (0.002878 mm/mm)

Report 1:
Use Hot Modulus (Eh1,Eh2) for Report Force & Stress
Use Appendix P for Operating stress range
Use Code Case 178 for sustained stress

LOAD CASE DEFINITION KEY


CASE 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1
CASE 3 (SUS) W+P1

NODE

Load Case

FX
(N)

FY
(N)

FZ
(N )

MX
(N.m.)

MY
(N.m.)

MZ
(N.m.)

DX
(mm.)

DY
(mm.)

DZ
(mm.)

Rigid
ANC

2100

2(OPE)

-5125994

0.000

-0.000

0.000

3(OPE)

-4174644

0.000

-0.000

0.000

4(SUS)

-1475

0.000

-0.000

0.000

5(SUS)

-1475

0.000

-0.000

0.000

6(EXP)

-5124519

0.000

-0.000

0.000

7(EXP)

-4173168
5125994/L2

0.000

-0.000

0.000

MAX

-0.000/L2

Rigid
ANC

2110

2(OPE)

5123044

0.000

0.000

0.000

3(OPE)

4171693

0.000

0.000

0.000

4(SUS)

-1475

0.000

-0.000

0.000

5(SUS)

-1475

0.000

-0.000

0.000

6(EXP)

5124519

0.000

0.000

0.000

7(EXP)

4173168

0.000

0.000

0.000

MAX

5124519/L6

0.000/L6

Piping Code: B31.3

= B31.3 -2008, December 31, 2008

*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION FAILED ***


Highest Stresses: (N./sq.mm. )
CodeStress Ratio (%) is 205.0 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4
Code Stress:

667.0 Allowable:

Axial Stress:

325.3

667.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4

Bending Stress:

0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Torsion Stress:

0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Hoop Stress:

26.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1

3D Max Intensity:

Load Case

2(OPE)

From Node

2100

805.5 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1


Code Stress
N./sq.mm.

Allowable
Stress
N./sq.mm.

656.84

325.33

3(OPE)

533.00

4(SUS)

To Node

2110

Code Stress
N./sq.mm.

Allowable
Stress
N./sq.mm.

656.45

325.33

336.96

532.62

336.96

12.39

122.37

12.85

122.37

5(SUS)

12.39

122.37

12.85

122.37

6(EXP)

667.03

325.33

667.03

325.33

7(EXP)

543.20

336.96

543.20

336.96

Piping Code

B31.3

B31.3

B31.3
B31.3
B31.3

B31.3

Report 2:
Use Hot Modulus (Eh1,Eh2) for Report Force & Stress
Use Appendix P for Operating stress range
Not use Code Case 178 for sustained stress

Piping Code: B31.3

= B31.3 -2008, December 31, 2008

*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION FAILED ***


Highest Stresses: (N. /sq.mm.)
CodeStress Ratio (%) is 205.0 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4
Code Stress:
Axial Stress:

667.0 Allowable:

667.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4

Bending Stress:

0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Torsion Stress:

0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Hoop Stress:
3D Max Intensity:

Load Case
2(OPE)
3(OPE)
4(SUS)
5(SUS)
6(EXP)
7(EXP)

325.3

From Node
2100

26.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1


805.5 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Code Stress
N./sq.mm.
656.84
533.00
12.39
12.39
667.03
543.20

Allowable
Stress
N./sq.mm.
325.33
336.96
122.37
122.37
325.33
336.96

To Node
2110

Code Stress
N./sq.mm.
656.45
532.62
12.85
12.85
667.03
543.20

Allowable
Stress
N./sq.mm.
325.33
336.96
122.37
122.37
325.33
336.96

Piping Code
B31.3
B31.3
B31.3
B31.3
B31.3
B31.3

*
*

*
*

Report 3:
Use Hot Modulus (Eh1,Eh2) for Report Force & Stress
Not use Appendix P for Operating stress range
Use Code Case 178 for sustained stress
Piping Code: B31.3

= B31.3 -2008, December 31, 2008

*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION PASSED ***


Highest Stresses: (N./sq.mm. )
CodeStress Ratio (%) is 10.5 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1
Code Stress:

12.8 Allowable:

Axial Stress:

122.4

667.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4

Bending Stress:

0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Torsion Stress:

0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Hoop Stress:

26.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1

3D Max Intensity:

Load Case

2(OPE)

From Node

2100

805.5 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Code Stress
N./sq.mm.

Allowable
Stress
N./sq.mm.

656.84

0.00

3(OPE)

533.00

4(SUS)

To Node

2110

Code Stress
N./sq.mm.

Allowable
Stress
N./sq.mm.

656.45

0.00

0.00

532.62

0.00

12.39

122.37

12.85

122.37

5(SUS)

12.39

122.37

12.85

122.37

6(EXP)

0.00

202.96

0.00

202.96

7(EXP)

0.00

205.28

0.00

205.28

Piping Code

B31.3
B31.3
B31.3
B31.3
B31.3
B31.3

Report 4:
Use Hot Modulus (Eh1,Eh2) for Report Force & Stress
Not use Appendix P for Operating stress range
Not use Code Case 178 for sustained stress

NODE

Load
Case

FX
(N)

FY
(N)

FZ
(N )

MX
(N.m.)

MY
(N.m.)

MZ
(N.m.)

DX
(mm.)

DY
(mm.)

DZ
(mm.)

Rigid ANC

2100
2(OPE)

-5125994

0.000

-0.000

0.000

3(OPE)

-4174644

0.000

-0.000

0.000

4(SUS)

-1475

0.000

-0.000

0.000

5(SUS)

-1475

0.000

-0.000

0.000

6(EXP)

-5124519

0.000

-0.000

0.000

7(EXP)

-4173168

0.000

-0.000

0.000

MAX

5125994/L2

-0.000/L2

Rigid ANC

2110
2(OPE)

5123044

0.000

0.000

0.000

3(OPE)

4171693

0.000

0.000

0.000

4(SUS)

-1475

0.000

-0.000

0.000

5(SUS)

-1475

0.000

-0.000

0.000

6(EXP)

5124519

0.000

0.000

0.000

7(EXP)

4173168

0.000

0.000

0.000

MAX

5124519/L6

0.000/L6

*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION PASSED ***


Highest Stresses: (N./sq.mm. )
CodeStress Ratio (%) is 10.5 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1
Code Stress:

12.8 Allowable:

Axial Stress:

122.4

667.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4

Bending Stress:

0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Torsion Stress:

0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Hoop Stress:

26.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1

3D Max Intensity:

Load Case

2(OPE)
3(OPE)
4(SUS)
5(SUS)
6(EXP)
7(EXP)

From Node

2100

805.5 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Code Stress
N./sq.mm.

Allowable
Stress
N./sq.mm.

Code Stress
N./sq.mm.

Allowable
Stress
N./sq.mm.

Piping Code

656.84

0.00

656.45

0.00

B31.3

533.00

0.00

532.62

0.00

B31.3

12.39

122.37

12.85

122.37

B31.3

12.39

122.37

12.85

122.37

B31.3

0.00

202.96

0.00

202.96

B31.3

0.00

205.28

0.00

205.28

B31.3

To Node

2110

Report 5 :
Use Cold Modulus (Ec) for Report Force & Stress
Not use Appendix P for Operating stress range
Not use Code Case 178 for sustained stress

NODE

Load
Case

FX
(N)

FY
(N)

FZ
(N )

MX
(N.m.)

MY
(N.m.)

MZ
(N.m.)

DX
(mm.)

DY
(mm.)

DZ
(mm.)

Rigid ANC

2100
2(OPE)

-5628066

0.000

-0.000

0.000

3(OPE)

-4499159

0.000

-0.000

0.000

4(SUS)

-1475

0.000

-0.000

0.000

5(SUS)

-1475

0.000

-0.000

0.000

6(EXP)

-5626590

0.000

-0.000

0.000

7(EXP)

-4497684

0.000

-0.000

0.000

MAX

5628066/L2

-0.000/L2

Rigid ANC

2110
2(OPE)

5625115

0.000

0.000

0.000

3(OPE)

4496209

0.000

0.000

0.000

4(SUS)

-1475

0.000

-0.000

0.000

5(SUS)

-1475

0.000

-0.000

0.000

6(EXP)

5626591

0.000

0.000

0.000

7(EXP)

4497684

0.000

0.000

0.000

MAX

5626591/L6

0.000/L6

*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION PASSED ***


Highest Stresses: (MPa

CodeStress Ratio (%) is 10.5 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1


Code Stress:

12.8 Allowable:

Axial Stress:

122.4

732.4 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4

Bending Stress:

0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Torsion Stress:

0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Hoop Stress:

26.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1

3D Max Intensity:

Load Case

2(OPE)
3(OPE)
4(SUS)
5(SUS)
6(EXP)
7(EXP)

From Node

2100

883.1 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Code Stress
MPa

Allowable
Stress MPa

Code Stress
MPa

Allowable
Stress MPa

Piping Code

722.23

0.00

721.85

0.00

B31.3

533.03

0.00

532.65

0.00

B31.3

12.39

122.38

12.85

122.38

B31.3

12.39

122.38

12.85

122.38

B31.3

0.00

202.97

0.00

202.97

B31.3

0.00

205.30

0.00

205.30

B31.3

To Node

2110

C2 Configuration For Stress


B31.3 Paragraph 319.2.3(c)
Enables the software to include axial terms in the expansion stress according to Paragraph 319.2.3(c) of
B31.3. This option has three settings, as discussed below.

No (default) - CAESAR II behaves as it always has, and axial stresses are not included in the
(Expansion) Displacement Stress Range value. (This is Se in Eq. (17) of B31.3.)
|Sa| + Se - The absolute value of the axial stress is added to the (Expansion) Displacement Stress
Range, and the sum is reported as the (Expansion) Displacement Stress Range, Se. This selection
is more conservative than ( |Sa| + Sb )2.
( |Sa| + Sb )2 - The absolute value for the axial stress is added to the bending term in the
(Expansion) Displacement Stress Range equation (Se, Eq (17) in B31.3). This selection is less
conservative than |Sa| + Se. This option is more nearly theoretically correct, and consistent
with Appendix P Eqs (P17a) and (P17b).

Implement B31.3 Appendix P


Activating this option implements the alternate rules in B31.3 Appendix P. This option produces a "code
compliance operating load case", with allowable stress values.

Implement B31.3 Code Case 178


Activating this option causes the program to compute the Sustained stresses according to B31.3 Code
Case 178.
ASME Website Code Case 178. Activating this option over-rides the directives for "F/A" and "torsion",
since the Code Case explicitly defines how to make the Sustained Case stress calculation.

Add F/A in Stresses


This option determines whether or not the axial stress term is included in the code stress computation.
Setting this directive to Default causes CAESAR II to use whatever the currently active piping code
recommends. Only the B31.3-type piping codes (i.e. codes where the sustained stress equation is not
explicitly given) have the F/A stresses included in the sustained and occasional stress equations. The
B31.1-type codes do not include the F/A stresses because the equations given explicitly in the code do
not include it. The F/A stresses discussed here are not due to longitudinal pressure. These are the F/A
stresses due to structural loads in the piping system itself.

Add Torsion in SL Stress


Some piping codes include torsion in the sustained and occasional stresses by explicitly including it in
the stress equation (i.e. B31.1), and some don't include torsion in the sustained and occasional stresses
by implicitly calling for "longitudinal stresses" only (i.e. B31.3). Setting the Add Torsion in SL Stress
directive to Yes forces CAESAR II to include the torsion term in those codes that don't include it already
by default. Setting this directive to Default causes CAESAR II to use whatever the currently active piping
code implies. In a sustained stress analysis of a very hot piping system subject to creep, it is
recommended that the user include torsion in the sustained stress calculation via this parameter in the
setup file.
Liberal Stress Allowable
A conservative formulation of the allowable expansion stress range for many codes in CAESAR II is
calculated from:
SA = f ( 1.25 Sc + .25 Sh )
When the user requests that the Liberal Allowable be used, the difference between Sh and Sl,
provided Sh > Sl, will be added to the term inside the parenthesis, i.e.
SA(Liberal) = f[ 1.25 Sc + .25 Sh + ( Sh - Sl) ]
The liberal expression will only be employed when there is at least one sustained stress case in the load
set. If there is more than one sustained stress case in a single problem, then the largest of Sl, considering
all of the sustained cases, for any single element end will be chosen to subtract from Sh. Because the
sustained stress varies from one pipe to another, the allowable expansion stress will also vary.
By default, New Job Liberal Expansion Stress Allowable is in its computation of the expansion stress
allowable. (New models are created using this configuration setting.) Users not wishing to utilize this
default setting for calculating the expansion can simply change the state of this check box. CAESAR II
uses the liberal stress allowable setting in the configuration file
All Cases Corroded
A recent version of the B31.3 piping code mentioned reducing the section modulus for sustained or
occasional stress calculations by the reduction in wall thickness due to corrosion. Several users have
interpreted this to mean that the reduced section modulus should be used for all stress calculations,
including expansion. This directive allows those users to apply this conservative interpretation of the
code. Enabling All Cases Corroded causes CAESAR II to use the corroded section modulus for the
calculation of all stress types. This method is recommended as conservative, and probably more
realistic as corrosion can significantly affect fatigue life, i.e., expansion. Disabling this directive causes
CAESAR II to strictly follow the piping code recommendations, i.e. depending on the active piping code,
some load cases will consider corrosion and some will not.

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