Ski boots use flanges at the toe or heel to connect to the binding of the ski.

T
he size and shape for flanges on alpine skiing boots is standardized in ISO 5355
. Traditional telemark and cross country boots use the 75mm Nordic Norm, but the
toe flange is informally known as the "duckbill". New cross country bindings el
iminate the flange entirely and use a steel bar embedded within the sole instead
.
See also
Casing head
Closet flange
Victaulic
Swivel
References
ASME B16.5
ASME B16.5
ASME B16.5
Further reading
ASME B16.5 Standard Pipe Flanges up to and including 24 inches nominal
ASME B16.47 Standard Pipe Flanges above 24 inches
ASME Section II (Materials), Part A - Ferrous Material Specifications
Nayyar, Mohinder (1999). Piping Handbook, Seventh Edition. New York: McGrawHill. ISBN 0-07-047106-1.
Categories:
PipingPlumbingMechanical engineeringStructural engineeringTrain wheels
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??
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additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use a
nd Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundatio
n, Inc., a non-profit organization.

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Flange
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Flange (disambiguation).
Look up flange in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Railway wheel flange (left)
Tram wheel flange (right)
Flanged railway wheel
A flange is an external or internal ridge, or rim (lip), for strength, as the fl
ange of an iron beam such as an I-beam or a T-beam; or for attachment to another
object, as the flange on the end of a pipe, steam cylinder, etc., or on the len
s mount of a camera; or for a flange of a rail car or tram wheel. Thus flanged w
heels are wheels with a flange on one side to keep the wheels from running off t
he rails. The term "flange" is also used for a kind of tool used to form flanges
. Pipes with flanges can be assembled and disassembled easily.
Contents
1 Plumbing or piping
2 Pipe flanges
2.1 ASME standards (U.S.)
2.2 Other countries
3 Compact flanges
3.1 Applications of compact flanges
4 Vacuum flanges
5 Microwave
6 Ski boots
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
Plumbing or piping
Main articles: plumbing and piping
Surrey flange
A flange can also be a plate or ring to form a rim at the end of a pipe when fas
tened to the pipe (for example, a closet flange). A blind flange is a plate for
covering or closing the end of a pipe. A flange joint is a connection of pipes,
where the connecting pieces have flanges by which the parts are bolted together.
Although the word flange generally refers to the actual raised rim or lip of a f
itting, many flanged plumbing fittings are themselves known as 'flanges':
Common flanges used in plumbing are the Surrey flange or Danzey flange, York fla
nge, Sussex flange and Essex flange. Surrey and York flanges fit to the top of t
he hot water tank allowing all the water to be taken without disturbance to the
tank. They are often used to ensure an even flow of water to showers. An Essex f
lange requires a hole to be drilled in the side of the tank.

There is also a Warix flange which is the same as a York flange but the shower o
utput is on the top of the flange and the vent on the side. The York and Warix f
lange have female adapters so that they fit onto a male tank, whereas the Surrey
flange connects to a female tank.
A closet flange provides the mount for a toilet.
Pipe flanges
There are many different flange standards to be found worldwide. To allow easy f
unctionality and inter-changeability, these are designed to have standardised di
mensions. Common world standards include ASA/ANSI/ASME (USA), PN/DIN (European),
BS10 (British/Australian), and JIS/KS (Japanese/Korean).
In most cases these are not interchangeable (e.g. an ANSI/ASME flange will not m
ate against a JIS flange). Further, many of the flanges in each standard are div
ided into "pressure classes", allowing flanges to be capable of taking different
pressure ratings. Again these are not generally interchangeable (e.g. an ANSI/A
SME 150 will not mate with an ANSI/ASME 300).[1]
These pressure classes also have differing pressure and temperature ratings for
different materials. Unique pressure classes for piping can also be developed fo
r a process plant or power generating station; these may be specific to the corp
oration, engineering procurement and construction (EPC) contractor, or the proce
ss plant owner. The ANSI/ASME pressure classes for Flat-Face flanges are 125# an
d 250#. The classes for Ring-Joint, Tongue & Groove, and Raised-Face flanges are
150#, 300#, (400# - unusual), 600#, 900#, 1500#, and 2500#.[2]
The flange faces are also made to standardized dimensions and are typically "fla
t face", "raised face", "tongue and groove", or "ring joint" styles, although ot
her obscure styles are possible.
Flange designs are available as "weld neck", "slip-on", "lap joint", "socket wel
d", "threaded", and also "blind".[3]
ASME standards (U.S.)
ASME type flange on a gas pipeline
Pipe flanges that are made to standards called out by ASME B16.5 or ASME B16.47
are typically made from forged materials and have machined surfaces. B16.5 refer
s to nominal pipe sizes (NPS) from " to 24". B16.47 covers NPSs from 26" to 60".
Each specification further delineates flanges into pressure classes: 150, 300, 4
00, 600, 900, 1500 and 2500 for B16.5, and B16.47 delineates its flanges into pr
essure classes 75, 150, 300, 400, 600, 900. However these classes do not corresp
ond to maximum pressures in psi. Instead, the maximum pressure depends on the ma
terial of the flange and the temperature. For example, the maximum pressure for
a Class 150 flange is 285 psi, and for a Class 300 Flange it is 740 psi (both ar
e for ASTM A105 Carbon Steel and temperatures below 100F).
The gasket type and bolt type are generally specified by the standard(s); howeve
r, sometimes the standards refer to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (B&
PVC) for details (see ASME Code Section VIII Division 1 - Appendix 2). These fla
nges are recognized by ASME Pipe Codes such as ASME B31.1 Power Piping, and ASME
B31.3 Process Piping.
Materials for flanges are usually under ASME designation: SA-105 (Specification
for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications), SA-266 (Specification for Ca
rbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components), or SA-182 (Specification fo
r Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Par
ts for High-Temperature Service). In addition, there are many "industry standard
" flanges that in some circumstance may be used on ASME work.

The product range includes SORF, SOFF, BLRF, BLFF, WNRF (XS, XXS, STD & Schedule
20, 40, 80), WNFF (XS, XXS, STD & Schedule 20, 40, 80), SWRF (XS & STD), SWFF (
XS & STD), Threaded RF, Threaded FF & LJ, with sizes from 1/2" to 16".
Other countries
Flanges in other countries also are manufactured according to the standards for
materials, pressure ratings, etc. Such standards include DIN, BS, and/or ISO sta
ndards.
Compact flanges
As the Compact flange size increase it becomes relatively increasingly heavy and
complex resulting in high procurement, installation and maintenance costs. Larg
e flange diameters in particular are difficult to work with, and inevitably requ
ire more space and have a more challenging handling and installation procedure,
particularly on remote installations such as oil rigs.
The principle design of the flange face includes two independent seals. The firs
t seal is created by application of seal seating stress at the flange heel, but
it is not straight forward to ensure the function of this seal.
Theoretically, the heel contact will be maintained for pressure values up to 1,8
times the flange rating at room temperature.
Theoretically, the flange also remains in contact along its outer circumference
at the flange faces for all allowable load levels that it is designed for.
The main seal is the IX seal ring. The seal ring force is provided by the elasti
c stored energy in the stressed seal ring. Any heel leakage will give internal p
ressure acting on the seal ring inside intensifying the sealing action. This how
ever requires the IX ring to be retained in the theoretical location in the ring
groove which is difficult to ensure and verify during installation.
The design aims at preventing exposure to oxygen and other corrosive agents. Thu
s, this prevents corrosion of the flange faces, the stressed length of the bolts
and the seal ring. This however depends on the outer dust rim to remain in sati
sfactory contact and that the inside fluid is not corrosive in case of leaking i
nto the bolt circle void.
Applications of compact flanges
The initial cost of the theoretical higher performance compact flange is inevita
bly higher than a regular flange due to the closer tolerances and significantly
more sophisticated design and installation requirements. By way of example, comp
act flanges are often used across the following applications: subsea oil and gas
or riser, cold work and cryogenics, gas injection, high temperature, and nuclea
r applications.
Vacuum flanges
Main article: vacuum flange
A vacuum flange is a flange at the end of a tube used to connect vacuum chambers
, tubing and vacuum pumps to each other.
Form factor of PDR and CBR flanges.
Microwave
Main article: Waveguide flange
In microwave telecommunications, a flange is a type of cable joint which allows
different types of waveguide to connect.
Several different microwave RF flange types exist, such as CAR, CBR, OPC, PAR, P
BJ, PBR, PDR, UAR, UBR, UDR, icp and UPX.

Ski boots
The extensions at the toe and heel of this ski boot produce flanges used to clip
into the ski bindings.
Ski boots use flanges at the toe or heel to connect to the binding of the ski. T
he size and shape for flanges on alpine skiing boots is standardized in ISO 5355
. Traditional telemark and cross country boots use the 75mm Nordic Norm, but the
toe flange is informally known as the "duckbill". New cross country bindings el
iminate the flange entirely and use a steel bar embedded within the sole instead
.
See also
Casing head
Closet flange
Victaulic
Swivel
References
ASME B16.5
ASME B16.5
ASME B16.5
Further reading
ASME B16.5 Standard Pipe Flanges up to and including 24 inches nominal
ASME B16.47 Standard Pipe Flanges above 24 inches
ASME Section II (Materials), Part A - Ferrous Material Specifications
Nayyar, Mohinder (1999). Piping Handbook, Seventh Edition. New York: McGrawHill. ISBN 0-07-047106-1.
Categories:
PipingPlumbingMechanical engineeringStructural engineeringTrain wheels
Navigation menu
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Article
Talk
Read
Edit
View history
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction

Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Afrikaans
???????
Catal
Ce tina
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Espaol
Esperanto
?????
Franais
Ido
Italiano
???????
Magyar
Nederlands
???
Norsk bokml
Polski
Portugus
???????
Svenska
Trke
??????????
??
Edit links
This page was last modified on 5 July 2016, at 17:45.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;

additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use a
nd Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundatio
n, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki
Flange
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Flange (disambiguation).
Look up flange in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Railway wheel flange (left)
Tram wheel flange (right)
Flanged railway wheel
A flange is an external or internal ridge, or rim (lip), for strength, as the fl
ange of an iron beam such as an I-beam or a T-beam; or for attachment to another
object, as the flange on the end of a pipe, steam cylinder, etc., or on the len
s mount of a camera; or for a flange of a rail car or tram wheel. Thus flanged w
heels are wheels with a flange on one side to keep the wheels from running off t
he rails. The term "flange" is also used for a kind of tool used to form flanges
. Pipes with flanges can be assembled and disassembled easily.
Contents
1 Plumbing or piping
2 Pipe flanges
2.1 ASME standards (U.S.)
2.2 Other countries
3 Compact flanges
3.1 Applications of compact flanges
4 Vacuum flanges
5 Microwave
6 Ski boots
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
Plumbing or piping
Main articles: plumbing and piping
Surrey flange
A flange can also be a plate or ring to form a rim at the end of a pipe when fas
tened to the pipe (for example, a closet flange). A blind flange is a plate for
covering or closing the end of a pipe. A flange joint is a connection of pipes,
where the connecting pieces have flanges by which the parts are bolted together.
Although the word flange generally refers to the actual raised rim or lip of a f
itting, many flanged plumbing fittings are themselves known as 'flanges':
Common flanges used in plumbing are the Surrey flange or Danzey flange, York fla

nge, Sussex flange and Essex flange. Surrey and York flanges fit to the top of t
he hot water tank allowing all the water to be taken without disturbance to the
tank. They are often used to ensure an even flow of water to showers. An Essex f
lange requires a hole to be drilled in the side of the tank.
There is also a Warix flange which is the same as a York flange but the shower o
utput is on the top of the flange and the vent on the side. The York and Warix f
lange have female adapters so that they fit onto a male tank, whereas the Surrey
flange connects to a female tank.
A closet flange provides the mount for a toilet.
Pipe flanges
There are many different flange standards to be found worldwide. To allow easy f
unctionality and inter-changeability, these are designed to have standardised di
mensions. Common world standards include ASA/ANSI/ASME (USA), PN/DIN (European),
BS10 (British/Australian), and JIS/KS (Japanese/Korean).
In most cases these are not interchangeable (e.g. an ANSI/ASME flange will not m
ate against a JIS flange). Further, many of the flanges in each standard are div
ided into "pressure classes", allowing flanges to be capable of taking different
pressure ratings. Again these are not generally interchangeable (e.g. an ANSI/A
SME 150 will not mate with an ANSI/ASME 300).[1]
These pressure classes also have differing pressure and temperature ratings for
different materials. Unique pressure classes for piping can also be developed fo
r a process plant or power generating station; these may be specific to the corp
oration, engineering procurement and construction (EPC) contractor, or the proce
ss plant owner. The ANSI/ASME pressure classes for Flat-Face flanges are 125# an
d 250#. The classes for Ring-Joint, Tongue & Groove, and Raised-Face flanges are
150#, 300#, (400# - unusual), 600#, 900#, 1500#, and 2500#.[2]
The flange faces are also made to standardized dimensions and are typically "fla
t face", "raised face", "tongue and groove", or "ring joint" styles, although ot
her obscure styles are possible.
Flange designs are available as "weld neck", "slip-on", "lap joint", "socket wel
d", "threaded", and also "blind".[3]
ASME standards (U.S.)
ASME type flange on a gas pipeline
Pipe flanges that are made to standards called out by ASME B16.5 or ASME B16.47
are typically made from forged materials and have machined surfaces. B16.5 refer
s to nominal pipe sizes (NPS) from " to 24". B16.47 covers NPSs from 26" to 60".
Each specification further delineates flanges into pressure classes: 150, 300, 4
00, 600, 900, 1500 and 2500 for B16.5, and B16.47 delineates its flanges into pr
essure classes 75, 150, 300, 400, 600, 900. However these classes do not corresp
ond to maximum pressures in psi. Instead, the maximum pressure depends on the ma
terial of the flange and the temperature. For example, the maximum pressure for
a Class 150 flange is 285 psi, and for a Class 300 Flange it is 740 psi (both ar
e for ASTM A105 Carbon Steel and temperatures below 100F).
The gasket type and bolt type are generally specified by the standard(s); howeve
r, sometimes the standards refer to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (B&
PVC) for details (see ASME Code Section VIII Division 1 - Appendix 2). These fla
nges are recognized by ASME Pipe Codes such as ASME B31.1 Power Piping, and ASME
B31.3 Process Piping.
Materials for flanges are usually under ASME designation: SA-105 (Specification
for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications), SA-266 (Specification for Ca

rbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components), or SA-182 (Specification fo

r Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Par
ts for High-Temperature Service). In addition, there are many "industry standard
" flanges that in some circumstance may be used on ASME work.
The product range includes SORF, SOFF, BLRF, BLFF, WNRF (XS, XXS, STD & Schedule
20, 40, 80), WNFF (XS, XXS, STD & Schedule 20, 40, 80), SWRF (XS & STD), SWFF (
XS & STD), Threaded RF, Threaded FF & LJ, with sizes from 1/2" to 16".
Other countries
Flanges in other countries also are manufactured according to the standards for
materials, pressure ratings, etc. Such standards include DIN, BS, and/or ISO sta
ndards.
Compact flanges
As the Compact flange size increase it becomes relatively increasingly heavy and
complex resulting in high procurement, installation and maintenance costs. Larg
e flange diameters in particular are difficult to work with, and inevitably requ
ire more space and have a more challenging handling and installation procedure,
particularly on remote installations such as oil rigs.
The principle design of the flange face includes two independent seals. The firs
t seal is created by application of seal seating stress at the flange heel, but
it is not straight forward to ensure the function of this seal.
Theoretically, the heel contact will be maintained for pressure values up to 1,8
times the flange rating at room temperature.
Theoretically, the flange also remains in contact along its outer circumference
at the flange faces for all allowable load levels that it is designed for.
The main seal is the IX seal ring. The seal ring force is provided by the elasti
c stored energy in the stressed seal ring. Any heel leakage will give internal p
ressure acting on the seal ring inside intensifying the sealing action. This how
ever requires the IX ring to be retained in the theoretical location in the ring
groove which is difficult to ensure and verify during installation.
The design aims at preventing exposure to oxygen and other corrosive agents. Thu
s, this prevents corrosion of the flange faces, the stressed length of the bolts
and the seal ring. This however depends on the outer dust rim to remain in sati
sfactory contact and that the inside fluid is not corrosive in case of leaking i
nto the bolt circle void.
Applications of compact flanges
The initial cost of the theoretical higher performance compact flange is inevita
bly higher than a regular flange due to the closer tolerances and significantly
more sophisticated design and installation requirements. By way of example, comp
act flanges are often used across the following applications: subsea oil and gas
or riser, cold work and cryogenics, gas injection, high temperature, and nuclea
r applications.
Vacuum flanges
Main article: vacuum flange
A vacuum flange is a flange at the end of a tube used to connect vacuum chambers
, tubing and vacuum pumps to each other.
Form factor of PDR and CBR flanges.
Microwave
Main article: Waveguide flange
In microwave telecommunications, a flange is a type of cable joint which allows

different types of waveguide to connect.

Several different microwave RF flange types exist, such as CAR, CBR, OPC, PAR, P
BJ, PBR, PDR, UAR, UBR, UDR, icp and UPX.
Ski boots
The extensions at the toe and heel of this ski boot produce flanges used to clip
into the ski bindings.
Ski boots use flanges at the toe or heel to connect to the binding of the ski. T
he size and shape for flanges on alpine skiing boots is standardized in ISO 5355
. Traditional telemark and cross country boots use the 75mm Nordic Norm, but the
toe flange is informally known as the "duckbill". New cross country bindings el
iminate the flange entirely and use a steel bar embedded within the sole instead
.
See also
Casing head
Closet flange
Victaulic
Swivel
References
ASME B16.5
ASME B16.5
ASME B16.5
Further reading
ASME B16.5 Standard Pipe Flanges up to and including 24 inches nominal
ASME B16.47 Standard Pipe Flanges above 24 inches
ASME Section II (Materials), Part A - Ferrous Material Specifications
Nayyar, Mohinder (1999). Piping Handbook, Seventh Edition. New York: McGrawHill. ISBN 0-07-047106-1.
Categories:
PipingPlumbingMechanical engineeringStructural engineeringTrain wheels
Navigation menu
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Article
Talk
Read
Edit
View history
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article

Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Afrikaans
???????
Catal
Ce tina
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Espaol
Esperanto
?????
Franais
Ido
Italiano
???????
Magyar
Nederlands
???
Norsk bokml
Polski
Portugus
???????
Svenska
Trke
??????????
??

Edit links
This page was last modified on 5 July 2016, at 17:45.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;
additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use a
nd Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundatio
n, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Wikimedia Foundation
Powered by MediaWiki