part of

speech

function or
"job"

example
words

Verb

action or
state

(to) be,
have, do,
like, work,
sing, can,
must

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Noun

thing or
person

pen, dog,
work,
music,
town,
London,
teacher,
John

This is my dog. He lives in

myhouse. We live
in London.

Adjective

describes a
noun

good, big,
red, well,
interesting

My dogs are big. I

like big dogs.

Determiner

limits or
"determines"
a noun

a/an, the,
2, some,
many

I have two dogs

and somerabbits.

Adverb

describes a
verb,
adjective or
adverb

quickly,
silently,
well, badly,
very, really

My dog eats quickly. When

he isvery hungry, he
eats reallyquickly.

Pronoun

replaces a
noun

I, you, he,
she, some

Tara is Indian. She is

beautiful.

Preposition

links a noun

to, at,

We

example sentences

part of
speech

function or
"job"

example
words

to another
word

after, on,
but

went to school on Monday.

Conjunctio
n

joins clauses
or sentences
or words

and, but,
when

I like dogs and I like cats. I

like cats and dogs. I like
dogs but I don't like cats.

Interjectio
n

short
exclamation,
sometimes
inserted into
a sentence

oh!, ouch!,
hi!, well

Ouch! That hurts! Hi! How

are you? Well, I don't
know.

example sentences

Nouns
Nouns are wors that name people, things, animals, places, and ideas. The following
are the different type of nouns.

Nouns

Commo
n Nouns

Concrete
(boys,
students, cat,
ship)

Mass
(butter,mil
k,
sugar,wood
)

Collective
Nouns
(team,
herd, flock,
swarm)

Proper
Nouns

Abstract
Nouns
(Kindness,
health,love
, laughter)

Compound
Nouns
(doorknob,
post office,
brother-inlaw)

Pronouns
Pronouns are words that take place of nouns in sentences. The following are some
common types of pronouns :
Subject Pronouns
(he, she, it, I, you, we,
they)

Personal pronouns

Object Pronouns
( him, her, it, me, you,
us, them )

Pronouns

Possessive Adjectives
(his, her, its, my, your, our, their)
Possessive Pronouns
(his, hers, mine, yours, ours, theirs)
Reflexive Pronouns
(himself, herself, itself, myself, yourself, yourselves,
ourselves, themselves)
Relative Pronouns
(who, whom, whose, which, that )
Indefinite Pronouns
(nobody, no one, nothing, somebody, someone, something,
anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone,
everything)
ADJECTIVES ( characteristics of nouns)
Adjectives are words that are used to tell us something about nouns. They usually
appear before nouns that they describe.
Eg :- a large house,
a preety girl,
a breathtaking view

Order of Adjectives
We can use two or more adjectives to describe the same thing. If there is more than
one adjective, we usually place adjecives that describe opinion before adjectives that
describe facts.
Eg a beautiful long tie
However, if you are using several adjectives to describe facts about the same thing,
then use the following sequence :-

Length
(short, long)

Shape
(round,squar
e)

Colour
(blue,yellow)

Age
(new,old)

Width
(narrow,
wide)

Nationality
(Chinese,Itali
an)

Material
(plastic,leath
er)

Size

(small,
big)

Opinion adjective followed by fact adjective.

Eg:- a comfortable long wide old brown Italian leather sofa